Pike ndi nsomba zodya nyama za banja la a Pike, gulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi Ray komanso dongosolo longa la Pike. Mitunduyi yakhala ikufalikira m'madamu amadzi opanda mchere m'maiko ambiri.
Kufotokozera kwa pike
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, ma pikes amatha kupirira madzi amchere bwino ndikumakhala omasuka m'madamu ndi pH ya 4.75. Pakakhala kuchepa kwakukulu kwa nsomba mu mpweya, kupuma kumalephereka, chifukwa chake ma pikes omwe amakhala m'madzi osungidwa nthawi zambiri amafa m'nyengo yozizira.
Maonekedwe
Kutalika kwa pike wamkulu kumafika mita imodzi ndi theka ndi misa yotalika makilogalamu 25-35... Nsombayi ili ndi thupi lopangidwa ndi torpedo, mutu waukulu ndi pakamwa pakamwa. Mtundu wa omwe akuyimira mitunduyo ndiwosiyanasiyana, zimadalira chilengedwe, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa zomera zam'madzi. Pikiyo imatha kukhala ndi utoto wobiriwira, wotuwa wachikaso komanso wotuwa ndi mdima wakumbuyo komanso kupezeka kwa mawanga akulu abulauni kapena azitona komanso mikwingwirima yopindika. Zipsepse zopanda utoto zimakhala zachikaso kapena zofiirira ndipo zimakhala ndi mawanga akuda. Zipsepera ziwiri zili ndi lalanje. M'madzi mwa nyanja zina mumakhala zotchedwa pikes zasiliva.
Ndizosangalatsa!Amuna ndi akazi a pike amasiyana mawonekedwe akutseguka kwa urogenital. Mwaimuna, imawoneka ngati chidutswa chopapatiza komanso chokhala ndi oblong, chojambulidwa mu utoto wamimba, ndipo mwa akazi mumakhala kupsinjika kozungulira kozungulira kozunguliridwa ndi cholembera chobiriwira.
Chosiyana ndi pike ndi kupezeka kwa nsagwada zakumutu pamutu wokulirapo. Mano a nsagwada yakumunsi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nsomba kuti zigwire nyama. Pamafupa ena omwe amapezeka mkamwa, mano ndi ochepa kukula kwake, amatsogozedwa ndi malekezero akuthwa mu pharynx ndikumira m'matumbo.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amano, nyama yomwe imagwidwa imadutsa mosavuta komanso mwachangu, ndipo ikafuna kuthawa, imatuluka ndipo imagwiridwa bwino ndi mano apakhosi. Pike amadziwika ndi kusintha kwa mano komwe kuli nsagwada zakumunsi, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe amkati okhala ndi minofu yofewa yokhala ndi mizere ya mano osinthira. Mano oterowo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kulumikizana kwawo kumbuyo kwa mano omwe amagwira ntchito, chifukwa gulu limodzi kapena lotchedwa "banja la mano" limapangidwa.
Ngati mano akugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti malo awo amatengedwa ndi mabowo oyandikana nawo a banja limodzi. Poyamba, mano oterowo ndi ofewa komanso osakhazikika, koma pakapita nthawi, mabowo awo amakula mwamphamvu mpaka mafupa a nsagwada ndipo amakhala olimba.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mano amtunduwu sasintha nthawi imodzi. M'mikhalidwe yamadzi ena, kusintha kwa mano mu pike kumakulirakulira kokha ndikayamba kwa nyengo inayake, pomwe nyama zolusa zimasiya kusaka nyama yayikulu kwambiri komanso yogwira.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
M'madzi aliwonse amadzimadzi, ma pikes amakonda matango obiriwira komanso okhazikika bwino, omwe amaimiridwa ndi zomera zam'madzi. Monga lamulo, nsomba zolusa zimangoyima kwa nthawi yayitali ndikudikirira nyama yomwe ikufuna. Pokhapokha ngati nyamayo ikawona nyama yoyenera, pamatsatira msanga komanso wowongoka. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti ma pikes nthawi zonse amameza nyama kuchokera kumutu, ngakhale wodwalayo agwidwa mthupi lonse.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'masiku otentha komanso otentha kwambiri, ngakhale ma pikes akulu kwambiri amakonda kupita m'madzi osaya ndikungokhala ndi cheza, ndiye kuti mutha kuwona nsomba zazikulu, zomwe zili pamtunda wa kotala mita pafupi ndi gombe.
Ngakhale zazikulu kukula, ma pike achikulire amakonda kukhala m'madzi osaya, chifukwa chake, milandu imadziwika bwino pomwe zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri zidagwidwa ndi asodzi m'madzi am'nyanja yaying'ono, mozama osapitilira theka la mita. Wodya nyama zam'madzi, zomwe zili ndi mpweya ndizofunikira, chifukwa chake, m'madamu ochepa kwambiri, nsomba zimatha kufa nthawi yayitali komanso yozizira kwambiri. Komanso, nsomba zimatha kufa mpweya wambiri mukamadzi umatsika mpaka 3.0 mg / lita.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti njinga zamoto nthawi zonse zimangodikirira nyama zawo pokhapokha ngati pali pogona.... Mwachitsanzo, akulu akulu, mosiyana ndi pike wocheperako kapena wapakatikati, amatha kupezeka mozama mokwanira, koma chilombocho chidzafunabe kupeza algae wandiweyani kapena driftwood. Poukira wovulalayo, oimira mitunduyo amatsogoleredwa ndi mzere wotsatira ndi mawonekedwe.
Ndi ma pike angati amakhala
Nsombazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira msinkhu wa pike. Ngakhale kuti nsomba zambiri zimakhala ndi moyo wazaka pafupifupi zisanu, zaka zapakati pa zana za banja la a Shchukovye, gulu la nsomba za Ray-finned ndi dongosolo longa la Pike nthawi zambiri zimakhala kotala la zana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pali nthano yonena kuti pike wachichepere adazunguliridwa ndi King Frederick waku Germany, ndipo patadutsa zaka 267 chilombochi chidagwidwa ndi asodzi, anali ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 140 ndi kutalika kwa 570 cm.
Mitundu ya Pike
Mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yosiyanasiyana pakadali pano ndi ya Pike yekha. Mitundu yonse ya pike imasiyana mosiyanasiyana m'malo okhalamo, mawonekedwe ake ndi zina:
- Pike wamba (Esox lucius). Ndi woimira komanso wodziwika bwino kwambiri pamtunduwu, wokhala mbali yayikulu yamadzi am'madzi ku North America ndi Eurasia, komwe amakhala m'mitengo ndi madzi osunthika, pafupi ndi gawo la m'mphepete mwa nyanja;
- Wachimereka, kapena Pike wofiira (Esokh américanus). Mitunduyi imangokhala kum'mawa chakumpoto kwa North America ndipo imayimilidwa ndi ma subspecies: kumpoto kwa redfin pike (Esokh américanus américanus) ndi pike wakumwera kapena waudzu (Esox americanus vermiculatus). Onse oimira subspecies amakula mpaka kutalika kwa 30-45 cm ndi kulemera kwa kilogalamu imodzi, komanso amasiyana msuzi wofupikitsa. Pike wakumwera alibe zipsepse zamtundu wa lalanje;
- Pike wa Maskinong (Esokh masquinоngy). Amakhala amitundu yosawerengeka, komanso oimira akulu kwambiri m'banjamo. Dzinali limachokera kwa amwenye omwe adabatiza nsomba zotere "zoyipa". Dzina lachiwiri la chilombo cham'madzi - "chimphona chachikulu", chidapezeka ndi nsomba chifukwa cha kukula kwake kodabwitsa. Akuluakulu amatha kutalika kwa 180 cm ndikulemera mpaka 30-32 kg. Mtunduwo ungakhale wa siliva, bulauni-bulauni kapena wobiriwira, ndipo gawo loyandikana limakutidwa ndi mawanga kapena mikwingwirima yowongoka;
- Wakuda, kapena mikwingwirima (Esox nigеr). Akuluakulu a mitundu iyi amakula mpaka kutalika kwa 55-60 cm ndi kulemera kwa 1.8-2.0 kg. Mwakutero, chilombocho chimafanana ndi pike wamba wakumpoto. Kulemera kwa nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri komanso yomwe ikudziwika pakadali pano yamtunduwu idapitilira ma kilogalamu anayi. Pike wakuda ali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa mosaic omwe amakhala pambali, komanso mzere wakuda wapadera pamwamba pa maso;
- Amur pike (Esokh reiсherti). Oimira mitundu yonseyi ndi ocheperako kuposa omwe amakonda wamba. Akuluakulu akulu kwambiri amakula mpaka pafupifupi masentimita 115 ndipo amakhala ndi thupi lolemera makilogalamu 19-20. Mbali yapadera ndi kupezeka kwa sikelo yaying'ono kapena masikelo obiriwira agolide. Mtundu wa Amur pike umafanana ndi mtundu wa masikelo a taimen, omwe amapezeka chifukwa chakupezeka kwa mawanga ambiri akuda-bulauni obalalika padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumchira.
Komanso, pike wamtundu waku Italiya (Esox cisalrinus kapena Esox flaviae), yemwe adayamba kudzipatula zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo ndipo kale amamuwona ngati subspecies wa pike wamba, amaphunzira bwino. Chodziwika bwino ndi Aquitaine pike (Esokh aquitanicus), yomwe idafotokozedwa koyamba zaka zinayi zapitazo ndikukhala m'madzi ku France.
Ndizosangalatsa! Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti anthu osakanizidwa sangathe kubereka mwachilengedwe, ndichifukwa chake anthu awo odziyimira panokha kulibe.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mitundu yofala kwambiri imakhala m'madzi ambiri ku North America ndi ku Eurasia. Oyimira onse akumwera kapena mafunde (Esox americanus vermiculatus) amakhala m'madzi a Mississippi, komanso m'mitsinje yomwe imadutsa mu Nyanja ya Atlantic.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ma pikes amatha kupezeka m'madzi amchere am'nyanja zina, kuphatikiza madera aku Finland, Riga ndi Curonia a Baltic Sea, komanso ku Taganrog Bay ya Nyanja ya Azov.
Pike wakuda kapena wamizeremizere (Esox niger) ndi nyama yodziwika bwino yaku North America yomwe imakhala m'madzi am'madzi ndi mitsinje yayikulu kuchokera pagombe lakumwera kwa Canada kupita ku Florida ndi kupitirira, ku Great Lakes ndi Valley ya Mississippi.
Amur pike (Esokh reisherti) ndiwomwe amakhala m'malo osungira zachilengedwe pachilumba cha Sakhalin komanso mumtsinje wa Amur. Pike ya Mtalyan (Esokh cisalrinus kapena Esokh flaviae) ndimomwe amakhala m'madzi am'madzi kumpoto ndi pakati pa Italy.
Zakudya za Pike
Maziko azakudya za pike ndi omwe amaimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba, zomwe zimaphatikizira roach, nsomba ndi ruff, bream, bream ya siliva ndi gudgeon, char ndi minnow, komanso sculpin goby. Wodya nyama iyi samanyansitsa nkomwe ngakhale oimira a mitundu yawo. M'ngululu kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe, achule ndi nyama zazinyama zimadyedwa mwachidwi ndi chilombo chachikulu.
Pali zochitika zodziwika bwino pomwe pike adagwira ndikukoka bakha ang'onoang'ono, osati makoswe ndi mbewa zazikulu kwambiri, komanso agologolo ndi mbalame zam'madzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasambira pamitsinje nthawi yachisangalalo chachilengedwe... Pike zazikulu kwambiri amatha kuukira ngakhale abakha achikulire, makamaka munthawi ya mbalame, pomwe mbalamezi sizingathe kuwuka kuchokera mgombe kupita mlengalenga. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti nsomba, kulemera kwake ndi kutalika kwake ndi 50-65% ya kulemera ndi kutalika kwa chilombo cha m'madzi chomwecho, nthawi zambiri chimagwidwa ndi pike wamkulu ndi wamkulu.
Malinga ndi asayansi omwe aphunzira bwino zakudya za pike, chakudya cha nyama yaying'ono yam'madziyi nthawi zambiri chimayang'aniridwa ndi mitengo yotsika mtengo komanso mitundu yambiri ya nsomba, chifukwa chake pike pakadali pano ndi gawo lofunikira lazachuma cham'madzi. Kupezeka kwa nsombayi nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa chachikulu chowonjezeka komanso chosalamulirika kuwonjezeka kwa nsomba kapena kakang'ono.
Kubereka ndi ana
M'mikhalidwe yamadziwe achilengedwe, akazi achikazi amayamba kubereka pafupifupi chaka chachinayi cha moyo, ndipo amuna - achisanu. Pike amatulutsa kutentha kwa 3-6 ° C, madzi oundanawo atasungunuka, pafupi ndi gombe, pakuya masentimita 50-100. Pakubalalika, nsomba imalowa m'madzi osaya kapena imathamanga mwaphokoso kwambiri. Monga lamulo, anthu ocheperako amatuluka koyamba kuti apange mazira, ndipo nthumwi zazikulu kwambiri zamtunduwu ndizomaliza.
Munthawi imeneyi, a pike amakhala m'magulu, opangidwa pafupifupi amuna atatu mpaka asanu ndi wamkazi m'modzi. Mkazi wotere nthawi zonse amasambira kutsogolo, ndipo amuna onse amamutsatira, koma amakhala kumbuyo ndi theka la matupi awo. Amuna amakhala ndi zazikazi kapena amakhala pamalo kumbuyo kwake, motero kumtunda kwa nsomba kapena zipsepse zakuthambo kumatha kuwonedwa pamwamba pamadzi.
Pakubala, zolusa zotere zimapaka mizu, tchire ndi zimayambira za mabango abango ndi bango kapena zinthu zina, komanso zimazungulira malo obalirako ndikuikira mazira. Kutha kwa kubereka kumatha ndikuthothoka kwakukulu, pomwe akazi otere amatha kudumpha m'madzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kukula kwa mwachangu kumatenga sabata limodzi kapena awiri, ndipo kugawa mwachangu koyambirira kumayimiriridwa ndi ma crustaceans, pambuyo pake - ndi mwachangu za nsomba zina.
Pike wamkazi wamkazi, kutengera kukula kwake, amatha kusungitsa mazira 17 mpaka 210-215 zikwi zikuluzikulu komanso ofooka okhala ndi pafupifupi 3.0 mm. Pakatha masiku angapo, mazirawo amakhalapobe, ndipo amatha kuzembera mosavuta, chifukwa ntchito yawo yopititsa patsogolo imachitika pansi pamadzi. Kutsika kwakanthawi kwamadzi pambuyo pobala kumayambitsa kufa kwamazira ambiri, ndipo chodabwitsochi chimachitika makamaka m'madamu okhala ndi madzi osinthika.
Adani achilengedwe
Ambiri amaganiza kuti Pike ndi nyama yokonda magazi komanso yowopsa m'madzi, koma nsomba zokhazokha nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyama za nyama monga otter ndi ziwombankhanga. Ku Siberia, nyama zazikulu kwambiri zam'madzi kukula kwake ndizochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimafotokozedwa chifukwa cha mpikisano wawo ndi taimen, yomwe imatha kuthana ndi mbewa yofanana.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Saika
- Kaluga
- Sturgeon
- Beluga
Kumapiri akumwera, ma piki ali ndi mdani wina wowopsa - nsomba zazikulu. Komanso adani achilengedwe a pike wachichepere kapena sing'anga ndizoyenda ndi ma rotan, kapena nyama zowononga zazikulu, kuphatikiza nsomba zazingwe. Mwazina, Pike ali mgulu la ulemu, koma zikho zosowa kwambiri za msodzi, chifukwa chake nsomba zambiri zakhala zikuluzikulu kwanthawi yayitali.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
M'madamu ku Middle, Kumwera ndi kumpoto kwa Urals, pike ndi m'modzi mwa oimira achthyofauna am'deralo, koma chilombo choterechi sichimapezeka kawirikawiri pofufuza mwapadera. Nthawi ina m'mbuyomu, nyanja zazikulu zomwe zidadya zidapezeka, zomwe zidadya abale ochepa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala bwino okwanira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwambiri, m'madzi onse omwe anafufuzidwa, nsomba zodya nyama zimagwira ngati mtundu wa zombo zonyamula zida komanso chinthu chamalonda chamtengo wapatali.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka zapitazi, nsomba zambiri zinasintha kwambiri nyama zomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi. Pike yaying'ono tsopano imayamba kubala pokhapokha akadali achichepere, chifukwa chake nsomba zazing'ono zikuwonjezeka mwachangu. Njira yachilengedwe iyi imapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa anthu. Komabe, kusungidwa kwa pike pakali pano ndi nkhawa yaying'ono.
Mtengo wamalonda
Pike amakulira kwambiri m'mafamu amakono amadziwe. Nyama ya nyama yamadzi iyi imakhala ndi mafuta 1-3%, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chakudya chopatsa thanzi.... Pike sikuti ndi nsomba zodziwika bwino kwambiri zamalonda zokha, komanso amapangidwanso mwakhama ndi malo ochitira maiwe amadziwe ndipo ndichinthu chofunikira pakuwedza masewera ndi masewera.
