Polar kapena white owl, kuchokera ku Latin "Bubo scandiacus", "Nyctea scandiaca", amatanthauziridwa ngati mbalame ya banja la kadzidzi. Ndi nyama yodya nyama yakutchire ndipo ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri m'chigawo chonsechi. Nthenga zotentha zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbalameyi izitha kuzolowera kukhala m'malo ozizira kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha maso ozindikira, kusaka nyama sikuwoneka kovuta ngakhale mumdima wa usiku.
Kufotokozera za kadzidzi woyera
Akadzidzi oyera amakonda kukhala kutali ndi anthu, chifukwa chake kukumana ndi mbalameyi kumatha kukhala mwayi - osati aliyense... Chikhalidwe ndi zizolowezi za mlenjezi zimapanga kadzidzi wachisanu kukhala mlenje wodabwitsa yemwe sadzatha konse mulimonsemo. Maso ofunitsitsa amalola nyama zolusa izi kuti zizipezera chakudya ngakhale m'malo ovuta kufikako.
Maonekedwe
Chipale chofewa ndiye nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri yazakudya zomwe zimakhala makamaka kumtunda. Itha kudziwika ndi mutu wake wozungulira wokhala ndi maso achikaso owala owala kuchokera ku nthenga zoyera komanso zosalala zoyera zokhala ndi mawanga akuda. Nthawi zina mtundu wa nthenga umafanana ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe ili mbali inayo. Akazi ali ndi mawanga ofiira kwambiri pamatupi awo, ndipo nthawi zina amuna amakhala ndi nthenga zoyera zopanda zosakaniza mitundu yunifolomu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chifukwa cha mtundu wonyezimira wa nthenga, kadzidzi wachipale chofewa amadzibisa mwokha m'mitengo ya chipale chofunkha kuchokera kwa nyama yake kuti agwire modzidzimutsa ndikupanga kusaka kopambana.
Amuna ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi. Kutalika, yamphongo imatha kufikira masentimita 55 mpaka 65. Kulemera kwake kumakhala pakati pa 2 ndi 2.5 kilogalamu. Poterepa, azimayi amalemera pafupifupi 3 kilogalamu, kutalika kwakutali kwa thupi kudalembedwa pa 70 sentimita. Mapiko a mbalamezi amatha kufika masentimita 166. Akadzidzi ang'onoang'ono alibe yunifolomu, pomwe anapiye amakhala ndi nthenga zofiirira. Mlomo wa mbalameyo ndi wakuda kwathunthu ndipo pafupifupi wokutidwa ndi nthenga - bristles. Pamiyendo, nthenga zimafanana ndi ubweya ndipo zimapanga "kosma".
Mutu wa kadzidzi wachisanu amatha kusinthidwa madigiri 270, omwe amapereka mawonekedwe ambiri. Zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira makutu munthawi ya nthenga, koma mbalameyi imamva bwino. Pafupipafupi pakuwona phokoso kumafikira 2 Hertz. Kuwona bwino kwa nyamayi ndikokwera kangapo kuposa kwamunthu. Amatha kuwona nyama m'makandulo otsika pang'ono pamtunda wa mita 350 kuchokera pamenepo. Masomphenya abwino kwambiri amenewa amapangitsa kadzidzi wachisanu kukhala mlenje wabwino kwambiri ngakhale usiku wakumtunda.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ziwombankhanga zachisanu zimapezeka nthawi zambiri. M'masiku ozizira ozizira, amatha kupezeka m'chigwa komanso m'nkhalango kuti adye. Pakakhala chakudya chochepa, mbalameyi imakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi midzi. Kusamuka kumachitika kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Okutobala, M'madera akumwera kwambiri, kadzidzi amatha kukhala mu Epulo kapena Marichi.
Zofunika! Mitundu ina ya mbalame zam'mlengalenga imakopa mbalame zina, zomwe zimawona kuti kadzidzi amateteza gawo lake ndipo salola adani kumeneko. Amayesetsa kukhazikika m'malo ake okhala, pokhulupirira kuti kadzidzi adzawopsezanso zolusa ku zisa zawo.
Kadzidzi wachisanu amakonda kusaka atakhala paphiri laling'ono. Ngakhale patsiku lokhumudwitsa, amatha kugwira nyama yomwe amaikonda kwambiri, atayigwira kale. Mu mkhalidwe wodekha ndi wamtendere, chilombocho chimapanga mawu osamveka ndi odekha. Nthawi yosangalala, mawuwo amatuluka ndikukhala ngati trill yonyansa. Ngati kadzidzi amasiya kuyankhula, ndiye kuti nthawi yake yoswana yatha.
Kodi kadzidzi woyera amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Kutalika kwa moyo wa kadzidzi wachisanu kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera komwe akukhala. Kumtchire, amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 9, ndipo ali mu ukapolo, chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo chitha kukhala zaka 28.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Asayansi amaganiza kuti malo okhala kadzidzi wakunyanja ndi circumpolar, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kusintha moyo kuti ugwirizane ndi moyo kumadera a Arctic m'magawo onse awiriwa. Mbalameyi imakhazikika m'malo osiyanasiyana m'makontinenti monga Eurasia ndi North America. Itha kupezekanso kuzilumba za Arctic ku Greenland, Novaya Zemlya, Wrangel, Bering ndi ena ena.
Koma mbalame zimakonda nyengo yozizira m'mitengo yakumwera kwambiri. Paulendo, iwo amafika ngakhale kumalo a nkhalango zowuma. Kwa nyengo yachisanu, amasankha malo otseguka omwe kulibe malo okhala. Nthawi yowuluka ndi kukhazikika pansi imatenga kuyambira masiku omaliza a Seputembara mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Ulendo wobwerera umachitika kumapeto kwa Marichi, ndipo akadzidzi amabwerera ku Arctic kuti akabereke ndikuswana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nthawi zambiri, akadzidzi achisanu amasangalala m'malo omwe amakhala. Monga lamulo, madera omwe amakhala ndi chipale chofewa kapena matalala ambiri amakhala malo ogona usiku wonse.
Zakudya za kadzidzi wachisanu
Chinyama chachikulu cha kadzidzi wachisanu ndi mandimu (makoswe ang'onoang'ono mpaka 80 g kulemera, a banja la hamster). Mbalameyi imasakanso ma pikas, hares, hedgehogs, ermines ndi mbalame zina zam'mlengalenga, komanso ana a nkhandwe. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizaponso nsomba, mazira a mbalame ndi zovunda. Pofuna kupeza zokwanira, kadzidzi amafunika kugwira makoswe osachepera 4 patsiku. Likukhalira kuti mu chaka adzafunika pafupifupi chikwi ndi theka ozunzidwa.
Ziwombankhanga zachisanu zimasaka patali kwambiri ndi zisa zawo, koma nthawi yomweyo zimawopseza nyama zolusa kuti zisaziukire. Mbalameyi imatha kuteteza chisa chake pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi. Kuti mugwire bwino wovulalayo, kadzidzi amafunika malo otseguka popanda kudzikundikira kwamitengo yayitali. Zikatero, wozunzidwayo amawoneka bwino ndipo palibe zopinga kuti amugwire.
Makina osakira ndi awa:
- kadzidzi amakhala paphiri laling'ono kapena amauluka pamwamba, kufunafuna nyama;
- pamene chinthu chotsatira bwino chikuwonekera, mbalameyo imaganiza pakadutsa chiwembucho, ikuwuluka pamwamba pa wolakwayo kwa masekondi angapo;
- ikasankha mphindi yoyenera, imamira chifukwa cha nyama, ikumenyera pomwepo ndi zikhadabo zake zazikulu kapena mulomo.
Kadzidzi amameza ang'onoang'ono kwathunthu, ndikung'amba zazikulu ndi zidutswa zochepa mothandizidwa ndi milomo yawo. Nthawi yomweyo, ubweya wa zikhwangwala, zikhadabo ndi mafupa a mkanda wodyedwa.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kadzidzi amayamba kukwerana mu Marichi... Amuna ndiwo oyamba kutsegula. Amakhala m'minda yomwe amakonda komanso amafuula, potero amalengeza kudera lonse kuti gawolo si laulere.
Ngati, komabe, ochita mpikisano angayesere kubwera kumalo osankhidwa kuti apange mazira, ndiye kuti nkhondo yayikulu iyamba. Kuti akope mnzake yemwe angakhale mnzake, wamwamuna amakonza ziwonetsero, zomwe zimakhala m'mipikisano yazitunda zazing'ono nthawi imodzi ndi mawu okometsa amawu.
Pambuyo pa kukopa theka linalo, wopambana amapanga ndege yapano ndi mapiko olimba. Kenako iye, wopunduka, amapita naye wamkazi tsiku lonse, potero amapanga chibwenzi. Gawo lomaliza la mgwirizano wopambana ndi mphatso kwa mkazi kuchokera kwa wamwamuna ngati mbewa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Monga lamulo, maanja omwe adakhazikitsidwa amakhala limodzi kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi. Amatulutsa ndikulera ana limodzi.
Zisa za kadzidzi ndizakunyumba zazing'ono zokhala ndi zofewa ndi zotentha pansi. Moss wouma, zitosi za mbalame ndi udzu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zofunda. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa Meyi, mkazi amayamba kuikira mazira. Amapezeka kuti amaikira mazira oyera 8 mpaka 16 patsiku. Kuchuluka kwa ziphuphu kumachulukirachulukira, kuchuluka kwa mazira kumachulukirachulukira. Pomwe chachikazi chimasamira anapiye, chachimuna chimachita nawo kusaka. Ana samaswa nthawi imodzi, choncho mbalame za misinkhu yosiyanasiyana zimapezeka mchisa. Ofooka nthawi zambiri amafa.
Mwana wankhuku womaliza atabadwa, yaikazi imayambanso kuwuluka kuti ikasake. Pofuna kuti asamaundane mu chisa pomwe makolo kulibe, osakhala anyumbu zomwe zimakhala mwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake. Pafupifupi masiku 50 ataswa mazira, anapiye amayamba kuuluka okha pachisa cha makolo. Achikulire achichepere amatha kupanga awiriawiri kuyambira chaka chimodzi cha moyo wawo.
Adani achilengedwe
Ankhandwe ndi adani a akadzidzi achisanu, ndipo amabera anapiye awo ku chisa chawo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kadzidzi sikuti amadana ndi nkhandwe zazing'ono. Komanso, nkhandwe ndi ma skuas omwe amakhala mumtunda wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ngati nyama ya anapiye akadzidzi. Chisanu chachisanu chimaganiziranso anthu kukhala mdani wake. Amuna amayamba kukuwa kwambiri anthu akafika kudera lawo.
Machenjerero owopseza alendo omwe sanaitanidwe akhoza kukhala osiyanasiyana kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri. Nthawi zina nyamayo imakwera kumwamba, imawuluka pamenepo ndikuyang'ana zochita za mdaniyo. Chinthucho chikayandikira chisa, chachimuna chimachikankhira, ndikupanga nthawi yomweyo chimamveka chofanana ndi kulira kwa khwangwala, ndikudina pakamwa pake moopseza. Nthawi zina, yamphongo imakhala pansi ndipo imasefukira moyipa patsogolo pangozi yomwe ikubwera. Mwachidule, amalumpha mdaniyo ndikupanga mawu owopsa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mitundu yakutchire imayimiriridwa ndi anthu ochepa... Mabanja pafupifupi 50 amatha kufalikira pafupifupi ma 100 ma kilomita. Malo awo okhala ndi Wrangel Island. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimagwira gawo lalikulu pakusamalira zachilengedwe za Arctic ndipo, makamaka, zachilengedwe zachilengedwe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mitunduyi ikuphatikizidwa mu Zowonjezera II za Msonkhano wa CITES.
Kadzidzi ndi kothandiza chifukwa amathandiza kuti makoswe akumpoto akule bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, zimapanga malo abwino okhala ndi mbalame zina, kuteteza malowa ku nyama zodya anzawo.
