South America ili ndi nyama imodzi yapadera yotchedwa maned wolf (guara). Ili ndi mawonekedwe onse a nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe ndipo ndi ya nyama zoyeserera. Guara ali ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka: wachisomo, wopanda chidwi ndi nkhandwe, thupi, miyendo yayitali, mphuno yakuthwa komanso makutu akulu.
Kufotokozera za nkhandwe
Mwakuwoneka, nkhandwe yamunthu nthawi yomweyo ikufanana ndi nkhandwe, nkhandwe ndi galu. Ichi si chinyama chachikulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumakhala kopitilira mita imodzi, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala masentimita 60-90. Kulemera kwa nkhandwe wamkulu kumatha kufika makilogalamu 25.
Maonekedwe
Mawonekedwe ake apadera ndi mphuno yakuthwa, yofanana ndi nkhandwe, khosi lalitali, ndi makutu akulu otuluka. Thupi ndi mchira ndizochepa, ndipo miyendo ndi yopyapyala komanso yayitali. Mtundu wa nkhandwe yamwamuna ndiyosangalatsanso. Mtundu wofiirira womwe ulipo m'mimba umasinthidwa ndi wachikaso, ndipo mdera la mane - kukhala ofiira. Zojambula zakuda pamapazi, nsonga ya mchira ndi pakamwa pa nyama ndizonso mawonekedwe.
Chovala cha guar ndichokwera komanso chofewa. Kumbuyo kwake, ndiwotalikirapo kuposa thupi lonse, ndipo amapanga mtundu wa "mane". Pakakhala zoopsa, imatha kukwera mozungulira. Ndi chifukwa cha iye kuti dzina la nkhandwe yotchedwa maned. Miyendo yayitali ya nkhandwe sioyenera kuthamanga, koma, amayenera kuyenda paudzu wamtali ndikuwona bwino malo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti achinyamata achichepere amabadwa mwachidule. Zilonda zake zimatalikitsa nyama ikamakula.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Amuna ndi akazi a mimbulu yamphongo kwambiri amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika, kulumikizana awiriawiri kokha nthawi yokwatirana. Kwa iwo, mapangidwe amapaketi ndizosayembekezereka, monga ma canines ambiri. Pachimake pa ntchito yayikulu kwambiri imachitika madzulo komanso usiku.
Masana, guara nthawi zambiri amapuma pakati paudzu kapena m'khola lake, momwe nyamayo imakhazikika mu dzenje lopanda kanthu, kapena pansi pamtengo wogwa. Masana, amatha kukakamizidwa kuti ayende mtunda waufupi. Mdima utayamba, nkhandwe yamamuna imayamba kusaka, ndikuphatikiza ndikuzungulira madera ake (nthawi zambiri awa ndi malo mpaka 30 mita lalikulu. M).
Ndizosangalatsa!Nyama zimadyetsa chimodzi ndi chimodzi. Miyendo yayitali imawalola kuti awone nyama yonyentchera pazomera zowirira komanso zazitali, ndipo makutu akulu amawalola kuti amve mumdima. Kuti muwone bwino mozungulira guara imayimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo.
Mimbulu yamphongo yamphongo imagwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa akazi. Kapangidwe kazinyama izi zikuyimiridwa ndi maanja okwatirana, omwe amakhala mdera lina lodziwika bwino ndi ndowe. Awiriwo amakhala pawokha pawokha: kupumula, kutulutsa chakudya ndi kuyang'anira mundawo kumachitika kokha. Mu ukapolo, nyama zimakhala pafupi kwambiri - zimadyera limodzi, kupumula ndikulera ana. Kwa amuna, zomangamanga ndizomwe zimachitikanso.
Mbali yosangalatsa ya nkhandwe yomveka ndikumveka kwake. Ngati kulira kwanthawi yayitali komanso mokweza kumveka kuchokera m'nkhalango zowirira, izi zikutanthauza kuti chinyamachi mwanjira imeneyi chimathamangitsira alendo omwe sanaitanidwe kudera lawo. Amathanso kutulutsa kulira, kukuwa kwambiri komanso kukuwa pang'ono.
Guara siowopsa kwa anthu, panalibe ngakhale cholembedwa chimodzi chokhudza kuwukira kwa nyama iyi pamunthu... Ngakhale kuletsedwa kwa kupha nyamazi, kuchuluka kwa mimbulu yolusa ikuchepa. Anthu am'deralo amachiwononga chifukwa chofuna masewera. Guara si nyama yovuta kwambiri ndipo ndi nyama yosavuta kwa alenje, ndipo eni mafamu amawononga kuti ateteze ziweto.
Kodi ma guara amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Guar amafikira kukhwima mchaka chimodzi. Kutalika kwa moyo wa nkhandwe yamunthu kumatha kufikira zaka 10-15.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo okhala nkhandwe ili m'maiko ena ku South America (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia). Malo okhala nyama iyi makamaka ndi pampasi (zigwa za South America zokhala ndi nyengo yotentha ndi masamba a steppe).
Mimbulu yokhala ndi ziwombankhanga imadziwikanso m'malo ovundikira owuma, campos (madera otentha ndi otentha), ndi malo amapiri komanso amitengo. Pakhala pali milandu ya maguwa omwe amakhala m'malo achithaphwi. Koma m'mapiri ndi m'nkhalango zamvula, chinyama ichi sichimapezeka. Panyumba yonse, ndizosowa.
Zakudya za nkhandwe
Ngakhale kuti nkhandwe ndi nyama yolusa, chakudya chake chimakhala ndi chakudya chambiri osati chinyama chokha, komanso chomera. Guar amadyetsa makoswe ang'onoang'ono, akalulu, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zokwawa, nsomba, nkhono zam'madzi, komanso mbalame ndi mazira awo. Nthawi zina imagwira agwape osowa kwambiri a Pampas.
Ndizosangalatsa!Ngati nkhandwe yokhala pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, imatha kuwukira minda yawo, kuwukira ana ankhosa, nkhuku kapena nkhumba. Chifukwa chake, anthu am'deralo akuyesera m'njira zonse kuti ateteze guara pazinthu zawo.
Ngakhale kuti nkhandwe ndi chilombo, sichisaka bwino kwambiri. Nyama iyi singathamange mwachangu chifukwa ili ndi mapapo ochepa. Ndipo nsagwada zomwe sizikukula sizimamulola kuti amenyane ndi nyama zazikulu, chifukwa chake chakudya chake ndi armadillos, makoswe, tuko-tuko ndi agouti. M'zaka zanjala, zowuma, mimbulu yolusa imatha kupanga timagulu tating'ono, kuti athe kusaka nyama zazikulu.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zakudya zake zimakhala ndi zakudya za zomera - nthochi, magwafa, komanso mizu ndi tubers za zomera zosiyanasiyana. Gwero lalikulu la chakudya chomera ndi zipatso za lobeira, zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m'chigwa cha Brazil, chotchedwanso "apulo la nkhandwe". Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti kudya izi kumathandiza mimbulu yolusa kuthana ndi mbozi zomwe zimawononga matumbo a nyama.
Kubereka ndi ana
Masewera okhathamira komanso nyengo yoswana ya ma guaras imachitika pakatikati pa nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira. Kumtchire, ana amabwera nthawi yadzinja (Juni-Seputembara). Mkazi amakonza phangalo kumalo obisika ndi zomera zowirira.
Ndizosangalatsa!Amabala ana masiku 60-66. Nthawi zambiri, agalu amodzi mpaka asanu ndi awiri amabadwa, izi ndi zomwe ana a nkhandwe amatchedwa.
Zitsamba ndi zotuwa zakuda ndipo zimakhala ndi mchira woyera.... Kulemera kwawo ndi magalamu 300-400. Masiku 9 oyambirira atabadwa, ana agalu amakhala akhungu. Makutu awo amayamba kuyimirira patatha mwezi umodzi, ndipo malaya amayamba kukhala achikulire pambuyo pa miyezi 2.5. M'mwezi woyamba, mkazi amadyetsa anawo mkaka, pambuyo pake amawonjezera chakudya cholimba, chopukusidwa pang'ono ku chakudya chawo, chomwe amachipatsanso.
Kuwona kwa nyama mu ukapolo kunawonetsa kuti akazi ndi abambo akutenga nawo gawo polera ana. Amuna amatenga nawo mbali polera ana. Amalandira chakudya, amateteza chachikazi ndi chachichepere kwa alendo osayitanidwa, amasewera ndi ana agalu ndikuwaphunzitsa kusaka ndi kupeza chakudya chawo. Tinyama tating'ono timakula msinkhu chaka chimodzi, koma timayamba kuberekana patatha zaka ziwiri.
Adani achilengedwe
Asayansi sanakwanitsebe kupeza adani achilengedwe a nkhandwe m'chilengedwe. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa guar kumayambitsidwa ndi anthu. Kufunitsitsa kwake kupirira ziwopsezo kumabweretsa ziwombankhanga zazikulu. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ma guaras amatha kugwidwa ndi matenda owopsa a tizilombo - omwe amafera ambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mmbulu wamamuna walembedwa mu International Red Book ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chiwerengero chake chatsika ndi pafupifupi chakhumi. Chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi ndi anthu opitilira 10 zikwi. Zifukwa zazikulu zakuchepera kwa ziwetozi zikuphatikiza kuchepa kwa madera omwe amakhala, komanso kuwonongeka kwa nthaka ndi madzi.
Zofunika!Chaka chilichonse malo athyathyathya amapatsidwa malo olimapo, omwe amalanda nkhandwe yamwamuna malo ake oyambirira.
Nthawi zambiri nyama zimamwalira pansi pamayendedwe amagalimoto kapena m'misampha yaopha nyama zopanda nyama... Ngakhale kuletsa kuwonongedwa kwawo, anthu akumaloko akupitiliza kufafaniza guara kuti apeze ziwalo za thupi lake zoti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe. Amwenye aku South America amawasakabe chifukwa cha maso, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha mwayi. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti ngati kusaka kwa nkhandwe yamphongo sikutha, ndiye kuti mtundu uwu udzazimiririka pasanathe zaka 50.
