Mbalamezi ndi mbalame zamphongo, mbalame zopulupudza, zokonzekera chakudya chamadzulo chokoma. Pali mitundu yambiri ya iwo, koma onse ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Kumene kuli nyama izi, momwe zimakonda kumanga zisa ndi kulera ana awo, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera kwa seagulls
Mitundu yonse yamtundu wa Gull bird. Pamodzi ndi terns ndi skimmers. Pali mitundu pafupifupi makumi asanu yamitundu ikupezeka padziko lonse lapansi, yoyimiriridwa ndi mitundu yambiri. Ngakhale anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "gulls", samapezeka m'madzi okhaokha, m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena m'nyanja ya pelagic. Zambiri mwa mbalamezi zimayenda bwino m'malo okhala mkati.
Ndizosangalatsa!Amathanso kupezeka m'madambo, m'minda yaulimi, kapena ngakhale m'matawuni ndi m'matawuni akutali kutali ndi gombe lamadzi. Ntchentche nthawi zambiri sizipezeka m'mapiri ataliatali, m'chipululu chopanda kanthu, kapena m'nkhalango zowirira.
Maonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi osiyanasiyana. Mbalamezi sizimasiyanso. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalamezi zokhala ndi nthenga za pinki ndiyotchuka kwambiri. Pakhala pali nthano kuyambira kale kuti ma pinki apinki ndi okongola a atsikana omwe mfiti yoipa idabwezera chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo kosadziwika. Akuti, adawamiza m'madzi apinki chifukwa cha nsanje, pambuyo pake mbalame zapinki zidawoneka kumwamba - miyoyo yawo yosalakwa, yomwe mpaka pano imathandiza oyendetsa sitima pamavuto.
Maonekedwe
Maonekedwe a seagull ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mitunduyo, chifukwa mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi zosiyana zake. Koma amakhalanso ndi zofanana. Mwachitsanzo, onse ali ndi thupi lalitali, lopendekeka bwino. Komanso mchira pafupifupi lalikulu ndi mapiko aatali. Amuna ndi akazi kunja samasiyana m'njira iliyonse. Mbalame zoyera zoyera ndi nthunzi zokalamba za mbalame, pomwe zazing'ono zimakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kulemera kwake kwa nyama kumakhala pakati pa magalamu 150 mpaka 2 kilogalamu, kutengera mtunduwo. Kukula - kuchokera 30 mpaka 80 masentimita.
Amakhala ndi miyendo yofiira kapena yakuda kutalika komanso mulomo wamphamvu wolumikizidwa.... Maonekedwewa ndiofunikira kuti athe kugwira nyama yoterera m'madzi. Kukula kwa mbalame kumasiyana kutengera mitundu. Pali zotupa paws. Oimira m'madzi amatha kudzitamandira chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwawo, omwe amakhala munyanja alibe. Mtundu wa ma gull ndi wosiyana. Pansi pake pamakhala zoyera pamutu ndi pamapiko a mbalameyo. Pafupifupi thupi lonse ndi loyera, kupatula kukhalapo kwa mikwingwirima yakuda kumbuyo kwa mitundu ina. Nthenga za m'nyanja sizikhala ndi madzi. Izi zimathandiza kuti nyamayo iziyenda bwinobwino.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mbalame zam'madzi ndi mbalame zachikoloni zokha. Njuchi imodzi imatha kukhala akulu zikwi zingapo ndi ana awo. Kaya akukhala kapena kusamukira kwina, ndizosatheka kuyankha mosabisa. Ambiri amauluka nthawi yozizira kupita kumadera ofunda, koma ena amakhala pafupi ndi mizinda ngati pali mwayi woti azidyetsa okha m'misewu. Mosiyana ndi mbalame zambiri zomwe zimakhala kumtunda, mbalame za m'madzi zimauluka komanso zimayenda pamtunda. Izi ndi nyama zokhazokha zomwe zimachita mgwirizano ndi akazi awo kwazaka zambiri.
Mbalamezi zimasokera. Amakhala tsiku lonse akusaka chakudya.... Izi ndi zolengedwa zolimba kwambiri zomwe zimawonetsa luntha pakupanga chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, kuti idye nkhono zatsopano zomwe zimasindikizidwa mu chipolopolo cholimba, mbalame yam'madzi siyikhala yaulesi kwambiri ndi chipolopolo pakamwa pake kuti ifike kutalika kuti iponyedwe pamwala. Chigoba chimaphwanyidwa ndipo, voila, amadya.
Komanso, mbalame zam'madzi zimayang'ana chakudya m'misewu ya mzindawu, saopa anthu ndipo amapemphanso nsomba ndi mkate. Mbalamezi zimasintha mosavuta kulikonse. Kuyambira m'mawa amazungulira pamadzi, ndikumangobwerera usiku pamalo osankhidwa kale. Malo oterowo sayenera kufikako nyama zolusa komanso otetezedwa ku mphepo yolasa.
Ndi mbalame zingati zomwe zimakhala
Pafupifupi, kuthengo, mbalame zam'madzi zimakhala zaka 15 mpaka 20.
Mitundu ya seagulls
Pafupifupi mitundu 60 ya mbalame ndi ya banja la a Gull. Maonekedwe a mbalame zosakhwima ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo akale, chifukwa chake, lingalirani za akulu. Mbalame yamtundu wakuda ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri. Mutu wake umakongoletsedwa ndi zofiirira kumaso kwake ndi msana woyera woyera wamutu ndi thupi. Amakhala m'madzi atsopano am'mitsinje ndi mitsinje, kutalika kwa mbalameyo kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 40, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 250-350.
Gull yaying'onoyo imakhala ndi mbiri yayikulu. Uyu ndiye membala wocheperako m'banjamo. Kulemera kwawo sikupitilira magalamu 100, ndipo kukula kwake ndi masentimita 30. Ali ndi mutu wakuda kwathunthu, amakonda kukhala m'madambo, mitsinje ndi nyanja. Gull ya Mediterranean imasiyanitsidwa ndi ena ndi miyendo yake yowala yachikaso, iris ndi mlomo. Izi ndi mbalame za mutu woyera ndi mapiko otuwa, ali ndi mabwalo ofiira mozungulira maso awo. Gombe la Mediterranean limakhazikika pagombe.
Glic yotsalira ili pafupi kutha. M'nyengo yotentha, zipsera zakuda pamutu ndi nsonga za mapiko zimawoneka pamthupi loyera kwambiri la mbalameyi. M'nyengo yozizira, mtunduwo umangokhala woyera. Ali ndi miyendo yofiira komanso yofiira. Kutalika kwa mbalameyi ndi masentimita 45. Mbalame yakuda yakuda ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwake kwa thupi kumafika masentimita 70. Kulemera kwa ngwazi kumasinthasintha pafupifupi ma 2 kilogalamu. Ali ndi mapiko otuwa, thupi loyera, mutu wakuda, ndi mlomo wa lalanje wokhala ndi chizindikiro chakuda kumapeto kwake. Malo oyera ali pamwamba ndi pansi pamaso.
Nkhunda yam'nyanja ndi mbalame yamasentimita makumi asanu, yokhala ndi mutu woyera, mapiko akuda ndi kumbuyo... Ili ndi mlomo wofiira wokongola komanso miyendo. Mchira ndi mapiko amalowetsedwa ndi nthenga zakuda. Herring Gull imamenyedwa ndi kukongola kwake komanso nkhanza nthawi yomweyo. Mbalame yopepuka ya kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka ili ndi mapiko akuda ndi mchira wakuda. Mapazi ndi apinki, mlomo ndi wachikaso, wokhota kumapeto.
Mitundu yayikulu yamatumba - wakuda wakuda Imalemera mpaka magalamu 800 ndipo imakula mpaka masentimita 55 m'litali. Ali ndi thupi loyera, kupatula mapiko amvi. Mbalameyi ili ndi miyendo yachikasu ndi mlomo wopindika kumapeto kwake, mabwalo ofiira kuzungulira maso. Kuseka gull, iye ndi steppe gull, amafika kukula kwa 65 sentimita. Ichi ndi nthumwi yayikulu. Ngakhale ali ndi makilogalamu 1,300, akuwoneka wachisomo komanso wonyada. Mlomo ndi miyendo ndi zachikaso, thupi ndi loyera, lokhala ndi mapiko otuwa ndi nthenga zakuda za mchira.
Ndizosangalatsa!Gull polull ndi nyama yayikulu yomwe imakhala mdera la Arctic. Makamaka - kumpoto kwa Greenland ndi Canada.
Mphepete mwa nyanja ndiye wamkulu kwambiri. Ndi woyera kupatula mapiko akuda. Mbalameyi ili ndi miyendo ya pinki yotumbululuka komanso mlomo wachikasu. Kunsonga kwake ndi kokhota ndipo ili ndi malo ofiira owala. Gull-tailed gull ili pafupi kukula kwa imvi-imvi - 75 sentimita mbalame. Ali ndi chifuwa choyera, mimba, msana ndi mutu. Mchira wa Gull-tailed Gull umakongoletsedwa ndi mzere wakuda wakuda. Mlomo wake, womwe uli ndi zipsera zofiira ndi zakuda kunsonga kwake, ndi wokongola kwambiri.
Gull Fork-tailed amakula mpaka masentimita 35. Ili ndi chinthu chosangalatsa: munyengo yokhwima, mutu wa nyama umasanduka mdima wakuda. Pambuyo pa nthawi ino, imasandukanso yoyera. Thupi ndi loyera, mapiko ake ndi otuwa, ndipo mchira uli ndi nthenga zowala zowala. Mbalame zaminyanga ya njovu zimakhala ku Arctic. Dera loyera la thupi lake limasungunuka ndimiyendo yakuda ndi mlomo wobiriwira wachikasu.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mbalame zam'madzi zimasankha malo omwe amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi ngati malo awo okhala. Amakhala kulikonse komwe kuli nyanja. Mitundu ina sinyoza madzi amadzi ndi mitsinje. Anthu oseketsawa amabweretsa zovuta zambiri pakuba chakudya, kudetsa chilichonse mozungulira ndi ndowe zawo komanso kukuwa kosatha. Amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi zombo, komwe amapempha mokweza komanso mosalekeza kuti apeze chakudya. Komabe, mbalame zam'madzi ndizodutsa kwenikweni pagombe ndi madzi.
Zakudya zam'nyanja
Mbalame zam'madzi zimatha kuzungulira m'madzi kwa maola ambiri pofunafuna chakudya. Powona nsomba, zimaulukira m'madzi ndi muvi, zikuponyera ndikugwira nyama ndi mulomo wawo wolimba. Atha kuzunguliranso nsomba zikuluzikulu, kuyesa kuti asagwire zomwe agwira. Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nkhanu, nkhono zam'madzi ndi nsomba zam'madzi. Mbalame yamphongo yanjala sanyoza zomwe zidapezeka. Ndi chinthu chomwe anthu amakonda kwambiri, pamodzi ndi kusonkhanitsa zinyalala ndi nsanza zam'mbali mwa nyanja, zofunikira pomanga zisa.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ziphalaphala zimayamba "kuganiza" zakulengedwa kwa ana azaka 1-4. Pa nthawi ya "maluwa-maswiti", mkazi ndiye amachitapo kanthu. Iye, kwenikweni, mwachinyengo amapempha chakudya kuchokera kwa wamwamuna, yemwe mwamakhalidwe amabweretsa kwa iye ndikumudyetsa kuchokera mkamwa mwake.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Mbalame ya cormorant
- Mbalame yotentha
- Mbalame yamphongo
- Mbalame mbalame
Kukhala m'midzi ikuluikulu, ma gull amakonza zisa patali mamita 0.5-10 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Pakati pa chisa pali nthawi yopumira, makoma ndi pansi zimapangidwa ndi nsanza ndi zinyalala zazing'ono. Mkazi amaikira mazira pafupifupi 3 nthawi imodzi.
Onse makolo amachita nawo makulitsidwe. Izi zimatenga milungu itatu kapena inayi. Onsewa akutenga nawo mbali podyetsa. Ndipo kudyetsa ana a m'nyanja sikophweka. Anapiye ndi adyera kwambiri ndipo amafuna chakudya osachepera 5-6 patsiku.
Ndizosangalatsa!Pakadutsa milungu 1.5-2, amatha kusiya chisa poyenda. Ndipo masiku ena 25-30 amatha kuwuluka kale.
Mbalamezi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi komanso molimba mtima zimateteza magawo awo. Pamene wopusa uja akuyandikira, amayamba kuphulika mlengalenga, ndikufuula mokweza komanso kuthira ndowe mlendo yemwe sanaitanidwe. Muyeso ndi wosasangalatsa, koma wogwira mtima.
Adani achilengedwe
Gulls alibe adani achilengedwe. Izi sizosadabwitsa, potengera kukula kwa mbalame yayikulu komanso mawonekedwe aukali.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwakukulu ndi ziwombankhanga zambiri, pakati pawo pali mitundu yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha. Mwachitsanzo, chidole.
