Rook (Corvus frugilegus) ndi mbalame yofala ku Eurasia. Oimira mitundu iyi ndi amtundu wonga Mpheta, banja la Vranovye ndi mtundu wa Crow.
Malongosoledwe a Rook
Kutalika kwa mbalame yayikulu kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 45-47 cm... Kutalika kwamapiko pafupifupi 28-34 cm, ndipo mulomo wokulirapo ndi 5.4-6.3 cm.Oyimira onse a banja la Corvaceae ndi mtundu wa Crows ali ndi nthenga zakuda zokhala ndi utoto wofiirira kwambiri. Mbali yaikulu ya mbalame zazikulu ndizomwe zimakhala zopanda mlomo. Ma rook achichepere amakhala ndi nthenga m'munsi mwa milomo, koma akamakula, amasowa kwathunthu.
Maonekedwe
Kulemera kwake kwa mbalame yayikulu ikuluikulu imatha kufikira 600-700 g. Nthenga zazikulu za rook zimakhala zakuda, zopanda kuzimiririka, koma ndikupezeka kwa sheen wachitsulo wobiriwira. Pafupifupi nthenga zonse za thupi la rook ndi zolimba osakhalitsa ndi fluff. Zomwe zimatchedwa "zazifupi" pamapazi ndizomwe zimakhala zochepa. Ichi ndi chivundikiro chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusiyanitsa ma rook ndi akhwangwala, omwe mawondo awo alibe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mosiyana ndi khwangwala, yemwe ma rook onse amafanana kwambiri ndi akunja, nthumwi zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi malo achikopa kwambiri kapena zomwe zimatchedwa kukula kwakuda kuzungulira mlomo.
Nthenga zouluka za oimira onse a Passeriformes order ndi banja la Corvia ndizolimba kwambiri komanso zamphamvu modabwitsa, zokhala ndi yunifolomu komanso ngalande yamkati yopanda kanthu yomwe imatha pafupifupi kumapeto kwenikweni. Nthenga zosunthika zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka kwazaka mazana ambiri, chifukwa chake zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida cholembera chosavuta komanso chotchipa. Nsonga ya cholembera choterocho idadulidwa mosamala, kenako ndikuviika mumtsuko wa inki.
Kusungunuka pang'ono ndi kutayika kwa nthenga zazing'ono m'minyuzi kumachitika kuyambira Julayi mpaka Seputembala, komwe kumatsagana ndi khungu lakuthwa ndikuchepetsa kwa nthenga za nthenga. Kutaya nthenga kumachulukirachulukira ndikukula, ndipo kusungunuka kwa anthu okhwima kumachitika pakutha pachaka.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
M'madera akumadzulo kwa Europe, ma rook amakhala makamaka, ndipo nthawi zina amakhalanso mbalame zosamuka. Kumpoto kwa magawidwe, ma rook ali mgulu la mbalame zoweta ndi zosamukira, ndipo kum'mwera chakummwera ndizo mbalame zokhazikika. Oyimira mitundu yonseyi amadziwika kuti ndi mbalame zosakhazikika komanso zaphokoso, zomwe madera omwe amakhala pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu amabweretsa zovuta zambiri, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndikulira kosalekeza komanso phokoso.
Pakuyesa kwasayansi komwe akatswiri a University of Cambridge ku England adapeza, zidatsimikizika kuti rook anali waluso kwambiri popanga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosavuta ndi mlomo wake, ndipo sichotsika pochita izi kwa chimpanzi, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yotukuka bwino pazinthu izi. Rook ndi mbalame zonse zomwe sizikhala pawokha kapena palokha, koma zimangoyanjana m'magulu akuluakulu.
Ndi ma rook angati omwe amakhala
Monga asayansi akunja ndi apanyumba adakwanitsa kudziwa, oimira Passeriformes Order ndi banja la Corvid ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka makumi awiri, koma ofufuza ena amati mitundu ya mitundu yopitilira theka la zaka ikhozanso kupezeka.
Zowona, mbalame zambiri zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimafa ndi matenda am'mimba ndi m'mimba, asanakwanitse zaka zitatu. Chifukwa chake, monga machitidwe azowonera nthawi yayitali akuwonetsa, mwachilengedwe, nthawi yayitali ya rook nthawi zambiri imaposa zaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi..
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Kudera la Europe, malo ogawa rook akuyimiridwa ndi Ireland, Scotland ndi England, Orkney ndi Hebrides, komanso Romania. M'mayiko aku Scandinavia, oimira chisa chachikulu nthawi zambiri ku Norway ndi Sweden. Anthu ambiri amakhala m'chigawo cha Japan ndi Korea, Manchuria, kumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa China, komanso kumpoto kwa Mongolia.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zamtunduwu zimapezeka kwambiri m'maiko oyandikana ndi Mediterranean kapena ku Algeria, kumpoto kwa Egypt, ku Sinai Peninsula, ku Asia Minor ndi Palestine, ku Crimea ndi Transcaucasia, ndipo nthawi zina zimawulukira ku Lapland. Kokha ndi kuyamba kwa nthawi yophukira pomwe nthumwi za mitunduyo nthawi zina zimawoneka mumtunda wa Timan.
Zitsanzo za ma nesting zimapezeka m'minda ndi m'mapaki, pakati pamagulu amitengo yomwe imwazikana m'malo azikhalidwe, m'nkhalango, minda ndi tugai. Mbalame zotere kuti zizisaka nkhalango zimakonda kunja kwa nkhalango zokhala ndi minda yamitengo ndi malo okwanira kuthirira, omwe amaimiridwa ndi mitsinje, mayiwe ndi nyanja. Mitundu yazikhalidwe komanso madera ambiri a steppe ndi a forot biotope of rooks. Kwa nyengo yozizira, mbalame zoterezi, monga lamulo, zimasankha mapazi ndi zigwa za mitsinje, malo olimapo ndi madera ena osaphimbidwa ndi chipale chofewa.
Zakudya zamagulu
Chakudya chachizolowezi cha rooks ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, komanso malo awo oyambira. Oimira dongosolo la Passeriformes ndi banja la a Corvidae amadyanso mosangalala ndi mbewa ngati mbewa, tirigu ndi mbewu zam'munda, ndi namsongole wina. Zakudya zamasamba zochokera ku nyama, kuphatikiza tizilombo tambiri monga dzombe ndi ziwala, zimakhazikika muulamuliro wodyetsa.
Ubwino wama rooks muulimi ndi nkhalango ndiosatsutsika, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa:
- Mulole kafadala ndi mphutsi zawo;
- nsikidzi-akamba;
- kuzek - tizirombo ta mbewu zambewu;
- zotumphukira masika;
- mbozi za padambo;
- beet weevil;
- ziphuphu;
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono.
Zofunika! Oimira mitundu ya Rook amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuchotsa kwazomwe zikuchitika mderalo komanso zochulukirapo zomwe zimadziwika ndikuchulukitsa kwa tizilombo tovulaza, kuphatikiza silkworm, filly ndi beet weevil.
Oimira banja la Corvaceae ndi mtundu wa Crow modzipereka amakumba ndi milomo yawo yotukuka bwino komanso yokwanira mokwanira panthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza tizilombo ndi mphutsi zosiyanasiyana. Rook nthawi zambiri imatsata mathalakitala olima kapena kuphatikiza, mosilira kutola mphutsi zonse ndi tizilombo tomwe tatuluka m'nthaka. Kukolola kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumachitikanso pamakungwa a mitengo, nthambi kapena masamba a mitundu yonse ya zomera.
Kubereka ndi ana
Rook mwachilengedwe mwachilengedwe ndi mbalame zopezeka kusukulu, chifukwa chake amakhala m'mitengo pamitengo yayikulu komanso yayitali pafupi ndi midzi, kuphatikiza mafoloko amisewu yakale. Monga lamulo, mbalame zimazungulira zisa zingapo zolimba komanso zodalirika nthawi imodzi pampando wamtengo umodzi, womwe wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri.... Chisa nthawi zambiri chimayimiriridwa ndi nthambi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo chimakhala ndi udzu wouma kapena ubweya wa nyama. Rook itha kugwiritsanso ntchito zinyalala zamtundu uliwonse kuzotayira mumzinda kuti apange chisa.
Mabanja okhala ndi nthenga amakhala limodzi moyo wawo wonse, chifukwa chake ma rook ndi mbalame zokhazokha zokhazokha. Mkazi amaikira mazira kamodzi pachaka, kuchuluka kwa mazira atatu kapena asanu ndi awiri. Pali milandu yodziwika yoswana ndi mkazi wa ana awiri pasanathe chaka chimodzi. Mazira a rook ndi akulu kwambiri, amatambalala masentimita 2.5-3.0. Mtundu wa chipolopolocho nthawi zambiri umakhala wabuluu, koma nthawi zina umakhala wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi mawanga abulauni. Nthawi yokwanira imakhala pafupifupi masiku makumi awiri, pambuyo pake ana amabadwa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakusewera masewera, amuna amabweretsa mphatso zapadera kwa akazi, kenako amakhala pafupi ndikudziwitsa zozungulira ndikulira kwakukulu.
Rook amasamalira ana awo osati m'masiku oyamba okha, komanso atachoka pachisa. Anapiye a nthumwi za banja la Corvidae amatuluka mchisa atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, ndiye kuti kuwuluka koyamba kwa achinyamata kumatha kuwonedwa kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni. Ana okulira atakhala m'nyengo yozizira amasankha kubwerera ku chisa chawo.
Adani achilengedwe
M'malo ena, rook imasokoneza kwambiri mbewu za chimanga kapena mbewu zina zaulimi, mphukira zazing'ono zimakumba ndipo mbewu zambewu zimawonongeka, chifukwa chake mbalame zotere nthawi zambiri zimawonongedwa ndi misampha kapena kuwomberedwa. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, achikulire samakonda kudya mbalame kapena nyama.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Khwangwala
- Merlin
- Mphungu
- Mphungu yagolide
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
M'madera a gawo la Europe, ma rook ndi mbalame wamba, ndipo kudera la Asia, kufalitsa oimira mitundu iyi ndikosowa, chifukwa chake onse ndi ochepa. Ngakhale m'maiko aku Europe, kuchuluka kwa ma rook kumakhala kwakanthawi pang'ono, komwe kumadza chifukwa chofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yayitali kwambiri popangira mazira. Mwambiri, kukhazikitsidwa kosasunthika kwa ma rook lero ndi nkhawa yaying'ono.
