Mbalame iyi ku South America nthawi zambiri imatchedwa khoswe wamtchire. Paca amawoneka ngati khoswe wamkulu, wovekedwa ngati nswala ya sika - tsitsi lofiira limakhala ndi mizere yopanda mawanga yoyera.
Kufotokozera kwa pack
Mtundu wa Cuniculus paca wochokera kubanja la Agoutiaceae ndiwo wokhawo pamtundu womwewo... Paca imadziwika kuti ndi mbewa yachisanu ndi chimodzi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa ena, imafanana ndi nyama yankhumba, kwa winawake - kalulu wonenepa, wopanda makutu. Malinga ndi paleogenetics, nyama zidatulukira pambuyo pa Oligocene.
Maonekedwe
Ndi rodent yayikulu kwambiri yokhala ndi peyala yofanana ndi peyala yakumbuyo komanso yayifupi, ikukula mpaka 32-34 masentimita ikufota ndi 70-80 masentimita m'litali. Zoyipa zakugonana sizitchulidwa, ndichifukwa chake chachikazi chimatha kusokonezeka mosavuta ndi chachimuna. Akuluakulu amalemera 6 mpaka 14 kg. Phukusili lili ndi makutu ozungulira bwino, maso owala amdima, zikwama zamasaya zomwe zimakhala ndi agouti ndi vibrissae yayitali (mtundu wamtundu wokhudza).
Ndizosangalatsa! Pamabowo pali zibowo pakati pa zipilala za zygomatic, chifukwa chake kutsuka, mano akupera kapena kukuwa kwa puck kumakulitsidwa nthawi zambiri ndipo kumawoneka (poyerekeza ndi khungu lake) mokweza kwambiri.
The rodent has a rough (without undercoat) red or brown hair, decorated with 4-7 longitudinal lines, which consist of the white specks.Chikondacho chimakhala ndi tsitsi lofiira (lopanda malaya amkati) lofiira kapena lofiirira, lokongoletsedwa ndi mizere 4-7 kotenga kutalika, komwe kumakhala ndi zoyera zoyera. Khungu la nyama zazing'ono limakutidwa ndi mamba (pafupifupi 2 mm m'mimba mwake), lomwe limalola kuti adziteteze kuzilombo zazing'ono. Mbali zakutsogolo, zokhala ndi zala zinayi, ndizofupikirako poyerekeza ndi zambuyo, zala zisanu iliyonse (ziwiri mwazing'ono kwambiri kotero kuti sizigwira pansi). Paka amagwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo zake zolimba komanso zolimba kukumba maenje, kwinaku akugwiritsa ntchito mano ake akuthwa kuti adye m'mabande atsopano apansi panthaka.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Paca ndi wosungulumwa wotsimikiza yemwe samazindikira mgwirizano wamaukwati ndi magulu akulu. Komabe, makoswe amakhala ogwirizana ngakhale mdera lokwera kwambiri, pomwe nthumwi za mitunduyo zimadya msipu wa 1 km². Paka sangathe kulingalira moyo wake wopanda posungira - kaya ndi mtsinje, mtsinje kapena nyanja. Nyumbayi idakonzedwa pafupi ndi madzi, koma kuti kusefukira kwamadzi sikusambitsa m'nyumbayo. Apa amabisalira adani ndi alenje, koma nthawi zina amasambira kupita kutsidya lina kuti akasokoneze njirazo.
Zofunika! Nthawi zambiri amakhala otanganidwa madzulo, usiku komanso mbandakucha, makamaka m'malo omwe mumakhala zilombo zowopsa zambiri. Masana amagona m'mabowo kapena zipika zobooka, kubisalira kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Paka samakumba dzenje nthawi zonse - nthawi zambiri amakhala mnyumba ya wina, yomangidwa patsogolo pake ndi "womanga nkhalango" wina. Kukumba dzenje, amapita pansi mamita atatu ndikukonzekera mwanzeru njira zolowera zingapo: kuti achoke mwadzidzidzi komanso kuti agwiritse ntchito. Zitseko zonse zimakutidwa ndi masamba owuma, omwe amagwira ntchito ziwiri - kubisa ndi chenjezo loyambirira poyesera kulowa dzenje kunja.
M'mayendedwe awo a tsiku ndi tsiku, samadzimitsa njirayo, ndikuyika yatsopano pokhapokha akalewo atawonongeka. Izi zimachitika mvula ikagwa kwambiri kapena kugumuka kwadzidzidzi. Paka imalemba malire ndi mkodzo, komanso imawopseza iwo omwe amalowa m'deralo ndi phokoso la 1 kHz (lopangidwa ndi zipinda zamatama).
Paka amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amati kupulumuka kwa zamoyozi ndi 80%, kunena kuti kusowa kwa chakudya kwakanthawi ndizomwe zimalepheretsa. Malinga ndi zomwe awona, ziweto zina zimafa kuyambira Novembala mpaka Marichi, popeza makoswe amalephera kudzipezera chakudya. Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira ndipo palibe chowopseza chilichonse chowononga nyama, paca yakutchire imakhala zaka pafupifupi 12.5.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Paca ndi mbadwa yaku South America, pang'onopang'ono ikukhazikika m'malo otentha a ku Central America... Makoswe amasankha nkhalango zamvula pafupi ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe, komanso madambo a mangrove ndi nkhalango zowoneka bwino (nthawi zonse ndi magwero amadzi). Paka amapezekanso m'mapaki amzindawu okhala ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja. Nyamazo zimawonedwa m'mapiri opitilira 2.5 km ya nyanja ndipo osapezekanso m'mapiri (omwe ali pakati pa 2,000-3,000 m pamwamba pa nyanja) kumpoto kwa Andes.
Makoswe adasinthidwa kuti azikhala m'mapiri ataliatali kwambiri, mapiri ndi mapiri aku South America Andes, komwe kuli nyanja zambiri zachilengedwe. Chilengedwechi, chotchedwa páramo ndi aborigine, chili pakati pa nkhalango (kutalika kwa 3.1 km) ndi malire a chipale chofewa (kutalika kwa 5 km). Zadziwika kuti nyama zomwe zimakhala kumapiri zimasiyanitsidwa ndi malaya akuda kuposa omwe amakhala mchigwa chomwe chili pamtunda pakati pa 1.5 km ndi 2.8 km.
Zakudya za Pak
Ndi nyamayi yodyetsa yomwe chakudya chake chimasintha ndi nyengo. Nthawi zambiri, paca amakonda gastronomic amakonda zipatso zazing'ono, zokoma kwambiri ndimtengo wamkuyu (makamaka, chipatso chake chotchedwa mkuyu).
Mndandanda wamakola ndi:
- chipatso cha mango / avocado;
- masamba ndi masamba;
- maluwa ndi mbewu;
- tizilombo;
- bowa.
Chakudya, kuphatikizapo zipatso zakugwa, chimasakidwa ndi zinyalala za m'nkhalango, kapena dothi limang'ambika kuti litenge mizu yathanzi. Mpando wa paketi yomwe ili ndi mbewu zosagayidwa umakhala chinthu chodzala.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mosiyana ndi agouti, paca sigwiritsa ntchito zikhomo zake zakutsogolo kuti agwire zipatso, koma imagwiritsa ntchito nsagwada zake zamphamvu kuti atsegule zipolopolo zolimba za zipatso.
Paca sichimanyansidwa ndi ndowe, yomwe imakhala gwero lamtengo wapatali la mapuloteni osakaniza ndi chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayo ili ndi chinthu china chodabwitsa chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi agouti - paca imatha kudziunjikira mafuta kuti igwiritse ntchito munthawi zowonda.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ndi chakudya chochuluka, paca imabereka chaka chonse, koma nthawi zambiri imabweretsa ana kamodzi pachaka... Nyengo ikakwerana, nyama zimakhala pafupi ndi dziwe. Amuna, powona mkazi wokongola, amamudumphira mwamphamvu, nthawi zambiri amauluka mpaka mita kulumpha. Kubala kumatenga masiku 114-119, ndikutalika pakati pa ana osachepera masiku 190. Mkazi amabereka mwana mmodzi, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi komanso ndi maso otseguka. Paca amadya chimbudzi chilichonse chotsalira pobereka kuti athetse fungo lomwe limatha kukopa adani.
Ndizosangalatsa! Asanayamwitse bere, mayi amanyambita mwana wakhanda kuti atakase matumbo ndikuyamba kukodza. Mwana wamphongo amakula msanga ndikulemera, amatenga pafupifupi 650-710 g panthawi yomwe amatuluka mumtambo.
Amatha kutsatira amayi ake kale, koma movutikira amatuluka mdzenjemo, potuluka pomwe pali masamba ndi nthambi. Pofuna kulimbikitsa anawo kuti achitepo kanthu, mayiyo amayimba mawu kwambiri, kenako nkuyamba kuwayang'ana kwinakwake kwa kabowo.
Amakhulupirira kuti paca wachinyamata amapeza ufulu wonse asanakwanitse chaka chimodzi. Mphamvu yakubereka imatsimikizika osati potengera zaka monga kulemera kwa paketi. Chonde chimachitika pakatha miyezi 6-12, pomwe amuna amapeza pafupifupi makilogalamu 7.5, ndipo akazi osachepera 6.5 kg.
Malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri a zoo anaona, ponena za kubereka ndi kuyamwitsa ana, Paka amasiyana ndi makoswe ena onse. Paca amabereka mwana wamwamuna mmodzi, koma amamusamalira mosamala kwambiri kuposa abale ake omwe ali kutali kwambiri ndi ana awo ambiri.
Adani achilengedwe
Mwachilengedwe, makoswe amakodwa ndi adani ambiri, monga:
- galu wamtchire;
- ocelot;
- puma;
- margai;
- nyamazi;
- caiman;
- boa.
Paca amawonongedwa ndi alimi chifukwa makoswe amawononga mbewu zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, paca imakhala chandamale cha nyama zosakira chifukwa cha nyama yake yokoma komanso zotetemera zolimba. Zomalizazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosowa zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo, kuphatikiza ngati chida chobowolera ma bomba mu mfuti (zomwe Amwenye aku Amazon amagwiritsa ntchito posaka).
Ndizosangalatsa! Labotale yofufuza ya Smithsonian Institute for Tropical Research (Panama) yakhazikitsa ukadaulo wothandizira nyama ya pak kuti izigwiritsidwanso ntchito popangira zakudya zapamwamba.
Amapita kukakola nyama usiku kapena mbandakucha, kubweretsa agalu ndi nyali kuti akapeze paketiyo ndi kunyezimira kwa maso... Ntchito ya galu ndikutulutsa mbewa mu dzenje pomwe akufuna kubisala. Akudumpha pansi, paka amathamangira kumtunda kuti akafike kumadzi ndikusambira kutsidya lina. Koma apa osaka m'mabwato akuyembekezera othawa. Mwa njira, Paka samataya mtima ndikumenya nkhondo mokalipa, kudumphira anthu ndikuyesera kuvulaza ndi zotsekemera.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pakadali pano, ma subspecies asanu a paca amagawika, amasiyanitsidwa ndi malo okhala ndi kunja:
- Cuniculus paca paca;
- Cuniculus paca guanta;
- Cuniculus paca mexicanae;
- Cuniculus paca nelsoni;
- Cuniculus paca virgata.
Zofunika! Malinga ndi mabungwe odziwika, palibe mtundu uliwonse wa paketiyo womwe umafunikira chitetezo. Mitundu yonseyo, monga tafotokozera ndi International Union for the Conservation of Natural and Natural Resources, ili m'malo osadetsa nkhawa.
M'madera ena, kutsika pang'ono kwa anthu kudalembedwa, chomwe chimayambitsa kuwombera nyama zambiri ndikusamuka kwawo kuchokera komwe amakhala. Komabe, kutchera sikumakhudza kwambiri anthu, ndipo makoswe ambiri amakhala m'malo ambiri, makamaka otetezedwa.
