Astronotus (Astronotus) ndi nsomba zodziwika bwino zam'madzi am'madzi am'madzi a mtundu wa cichlid. Nthawi zina nthumwi zamtunduwu zimatchedwanso peacock fish, oscar, ocellatus kapena velveteen cichlid.
Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe
Ma astronotus ali mgulu la nsomba zazikulu zaku aquarium, ndipo m'malo awo achilengedwe, kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumatha kukhala 35-40 cm... Mukasungidwa m'malo am'madzi am'madzi, nsomba zokongoletsera zotere zimakula mpaka kutalika kwa 15-22 cm, zimakhala ndi maso akulu ndi mutu, komanso zimakhala ndi gawo loyang'ana kutsogolo. Mitundu ya Astronotus ndiyosiyana kwambiri. Mitundu yokongoletsa yofiira ya Astronotus ikufalikira. Achinyamata amafanana ndi makolo awo, koma amakhala ndi utoto wakuda wamalasha wokhala ndi mizere yoyera komanso kukhalapo kwa kachitidwe kakang'ono kofanana ndi nyenyezi m'thupi lonse.
Ndizosangalatsa! Fomu yoberekera ya albino imadziwika bwino ndipo mitundu yofiira ya Astronotus yokhala ndi zipsepse zoyera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti "Red Oscar", ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa ambiri ochita zosangalatsa.
Nthawi zambiri, utoto wakumbuyo umasiyanasiyana kuchokera pakumveka kofiirira mpaka wakuda-wakuda, wokhala ndi madontho obalalika komanso akulu, komanso zotayira zachikaso zamitundu ndi kukula kwake, komwe kumatha kukhala ndi malire akuda. Pansi pa phala la caudal amadziwika ndi malo akuda akulu okhala ndi mzere wa lalanje, womwe umafanana ndi mawonekedwe a diso lalikulu. Pali malingaliro akuti chinali chifukwa cha "diso" lodabwitsa ili pomwe akatswiri a zakuthambo adapatsidwa dzina lenileni "Ocellatus", lomwe limatanthauza "ocellated" m'Chilatini.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo okhala achilengedwe a mitundu yonseyi ndi malo osungira ku Brazil, komanso Venezuela, Guiana ndi Paraguay. Ma astronotus adabweretsedwa koyamba kudera la Europe pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo, ndipo ku Russia nsomba zoterezi zidawoneka patangopita nthawi pang'ono, koma pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo zidatchuka kwambiri pakati pa amadzi.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nsomba zokongoletsera zidakwaniritsidwa bwino kumwera chakumwera kwa America, komwe kumakhala zinthu zodziwika bwino zowedza masewera. Pafupifupi minda yonse yayikulu yodziwika bwino yoswana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba zokongoletsera imagwira ntchito yoswana Astronotus, makamaka mitundu yotchuka monga "Red Oscar".
Zolemba zakuthambo
Mwina ma cichlids odziwika kwambiri komanso odziwika bwino masiku ano azisangalalo zam'madzi ndi akatswiri azakuthambo. Kutchuka kumeneku kunapambanidwa, choyambirira, ndi kuthekera kokwanira kwanzeru za nsomba zokongoletsera, omwe ndi oimira odziwika ngati gulu la nsomba ndi banja la cichlid. Malinga ndi eni ake, akatswiri azakuthambo amatha kuzindikira mwini wawo ndipo amadzilola kuti asisitidwe, komanso amaphunzitsidwa pazinthu zina zosavuta.
Kukonzekera kwa aquarium, voliyumu
Kuti ma astronotus apanyumba akhale athanzi komanso osangalala, madzi am'madzi a aquarium amayenera kukhala ofunda komanso oyera, ndi kutentha kwapakati pa 23-27zaKUCHOKERA... Ndi chifukwa chake muyenera kugula thermometer yapadera ndi chotenthetsera. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kusungitsa zakuthambo m'madzi ofunda mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse kukula kwa njala ya oxygen mu chiweto chokongoletsera, kenako kuwonongeka kofulumira kwa mitsempha ndi minofu ya mtima. Kuwonetsedwa kwa nsomba kwakanthawi m'madzi ozizira nthawi zambiri kumakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi, chifukwa chake Astronotus imatha kutenga matenda ambiri owopsa komanso owopsa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakusankha njira zosefera, ndikofunikira kulipira chidwi cha zida zamagetsi, ndipo chida chogulidwa chikuyenera kuthana ndi kuyeretsedwa kwamadzi akuda okwanira.
Kusunga achikulire, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigule aquarium yokhala ndi malita osachepera 140-150 pa nsomba iliyonse. Mwazina, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti oimira dongosolo la ma perchiformes ndi banja la cichlid amatha kupanga zinyalala zambiri m'moyo wawo, chifukwa chake mawonekedwe abwino amafunika kukhazikitsidwa mu aquarium ndipo 20-30% yamadzi a aquarium adzafunika kusinthidwa sabata iliyonse. Kusefera kwapamwamba kokha ndi komwe kumalepheretsa kupezeka kwa poizoni m'madzi, chifukwa chake nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuyeretsa zosefera za aquarium. Acidity iyenera kukhala 6.5-7.5 ph, ndipo kuuma kwamadzi sikuyenera kupitirira 25 dH.
Ngakhale, machitidwe
Akatswiri pantchito yamadzi amakono amakhulupirira kuti ndikofunikira kuti oimira okhawo azikhala ndi banja la cichlid padera. Cichlids yayikulu yakumwera ndi Central America imatha kuonedwa ngati yoyandikana nayo ya zakuthambo.
Ndikofunika kusankha mitundu ya cichlids yomwe siili yankhanza kwambiri, komanso osati yodekha kapena yopanda phokoso, kuti iwonjezedwe ku astrronotus. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kuti asunge ma astronotus ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba, ayenera kukhalabe m'nyanja yamadzi nthawi imodzi, zomwe zingalepheretse "kulandanso" gawolo ndi anthu olimba kapena omwe adakhazikika kale.
Zakudya, zakudya
Chakudya chachikulu cha ma astronotus akuluakulu chikuyimiridwa ndi:
- nyongolotsi yayikulu yamagazi;
- ziphuphu;
- nyama yowonda;
- mtima woweta wowawa;
- mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zam'nyanja;
- chakudya chapadera chopangira ma cichlids akulu.
Oyimira akuluakulu onse a perchiformes ndi banja la cichlid ndi osusuka, chifukwa chake, kuti tipewe kukula kwa mavuto am'mimba ndi matumbo, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa ziweto kamodzi patsiku. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukonzekera masiku osala kudya kwa nsomba zokongoletsera.
Ndizosangalatsa! N'zotheka kudyetsa oimira dongosolo la perciformes ndi banja la cichlid ndi mtima wamphongo kamodzi pamwezi, zomwe zingalepheretse kunenepa kwambiri ndikuthandizira kubereka bwino kwa akulu.
Malangizo owonjezerapo pakudyetsa Astronotus akuphatikizira kuyambitsa muzakudya za nsomba zam'madzi, rootlet, nsomba zamoyo zapakatikati, tadpoles ndi achule, squid ndi shrimp. Komanso, chakudya chiyenera kulimbitsidwa ndi zakudya zazomera monga mkate wakuda wosenda, oats wokutidwa, sipinachi yodulidwa ndi masamba a letesi. Ndikofunikira kuyandikira bwino nkhani yosintha mitundu yonse ya chakudya, kuphatikiza mapuloteni okha, komanso zigawo zikuluzikulu za mbewu. Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizipereka zokonda kukhala ndi nsomba zazing'ono zokha.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu, kotchuka kwambiri pakati pa amuna achikulire a Astronotus ndi akazi okhwima ogonana amtundu uwu:
- Akazi a Astronotus amadziwika ndi mimba yozungulira kwambiri;
- amuna ali ndi mtunda wokulirapo pakati pa maso;
- dera lakumapeto kwa kumbuyo kwa mkazi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati peyala, ndipo gawo lofananako mwaimuna, nthawi zambiri, ndilofanana ndipo lilibe ma bulges owoneka;
- kawirikawiri, amuna a Astronotus amakhala akuluakulu kuposa akazi a mtundu uwu wa msinkhu wofanana;
- Zipsepse za m'chiuno chamwamuna ndizotalikirapo ndipo zimawoneka moyang'ana kumapeto kwake kuposa zazimayi.
- dera loyang'ana kutsogolo la abambo nthawi zambiri limakhala lotsekemera kuposa pamphumi lachikazi.
Zizindikiro zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizochepa, koma zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo ofotokozera. Nsomba zimafika pakukula msinkhu wazaka ziwiri. Pofuna kubereka, akatswiri a zakuthambo amapatsidwa aquarium wamba yokhala ndi malita osachepera 300-350 malita. kapena bokosi lapadera la malita 180-200 okhala ndi dongosolo labwino la kusefera ndi aeration. Mwala wawukulu, wosalala, waukhondo uyenera kuikidwa pansi. Amayi amakhala ndi ovipositor owonekera asanabadwe. Nsomba zazikulu zimamera maulendo khumi motsatira, patadutsa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, kenako zimayenera kupumula milungu isanu ndi itatu kapena kupitirirapo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Astronotus mwachangu imakula ndikukula mosagwirizana, ndipo mwazinthu zina, ziyenera kusankhidwa munthawi yake kuti anthu akuluakulu asadye zazing'ono kwambiri.
Kuswana bwino kwa Astronotus kumatanthawuza kudyetsa kowonjezera ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana za nyama, kuphatikizapo mphutsi za tizilombo, mavawuni amwazi, mphutsi, tizidutswa tating'onoting'ono ta ng'ombe ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Kutentha kwazomwe zikuyenera kukwera pang'onopang'ono kuyenera kukwera ndi ma degree angapo, ndipo kumafunikanso kukhazikitsa kuyatsa kofooka, koma koloko. Gawo la madziwo limasinthidwa ndi madzi owiritsa. Mazira omwe amayikidwa ndi mkazi amapatsidwa umuna ndi wamwamuna. Ziphuphu zimatha kusiyidwa m'manja mwa makolo kapena kusamutsidwira ku chofungatira. Ma zakuthambo onse ndi makolo abwino kwambiri ndipo amateteza ana awo usana ndi usiku, kuchotsa mazira osakwanira komanso kudyetsa mwachangu ndi zikopa za khungu.
Matenda amtundu
Astronotus ndi ena mwa nsomba zodzichepetsa komanso zosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda... Komabe, nthumwi zoyimilira zamagulu azinyalala ndi banja la cichlid atha kudwala matenda opatsirana komanso opatsirana, omwe nthawi zambiri amachokera ku mabakiteriya ndi mafangasi.
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda nthawi zambiri umalumikizidwa ndi kuphwanya mndende kapena zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndipo umaphatikizapo matenda obowoka, kapena hexamitosis, omwe amawonetseredwa ndi kukokoloka kwa mutu ndi mzere wotsatira. Pachifukwa ichi, madera onse okhudzidwa amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a ming'alu ndi zingwe. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi kusowa kwa mavitamini, calcium ndi phosphorous, komanso kudya kosakwanira komanso kukonzanso madzi osakwanira. Kwa chithandizo, "Metronidazole" imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo kusamutsidwa kwamtundu woyenera kwambiri wa zakudya kumachitika.
Ndizosangalatsa! Oimira amtunduwu amakhala zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, koma kutengera ukadaulo wosamalira ndi malamulo osamalira, komanso kupewa kwakanthawi komanso koyenera, nsomba zam'madzi am'madzi amatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu kapena kupitilira apo.
Matenda a Astronotus a mtundu wopatsirana kapena wamatenda amafunika kuyambitsa njira zopatula. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba za mumtsinje, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda owopsa komanso owopsa a parasitic, pachakudya cha akatswiri azakuthambo. Nthaka yachilengedwe iyenera kuphikidwa isanayikidwe mkati mwa aquarium. Zomera ndi zokongoletsera zimakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate.
Ndemanga za eni
Akatswiri odziwa zamadzi amakhulupirira kuti kuti akatswiri azakuthambo azikhala omasuka momwe zingathere, m'pofunika kupanga malo ambiri omwe nsomba zimatha kubisala.
Oimira dongosolo lofananira ndi banja la cichlid amakonda kwambiri kumanganso palokha zokongoletsa zam'madzi mu aquarium malinga ndi zomwe amakonda, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakonzanso zinthu zokongoletsa, kuphatikiza mitengo ndi miyala. Chifukwa chake, zokongoletsa zakuthwa kapena zowopsa ziyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Aguaruna kapena catfish yaminyewa
- Gourami
- Bungwe la Sumatran
- Nyenyezi ya Ancistrus
Monga momwe mchitidwe wosunga ma astronotus ukuwonetsera, ma virus a magazi amafunsidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito kudyetsa nyama zazing'ono, ndipo akulu amafunikira chakudya chambiri chachikulu. Nyongolotsi ziyenera kutsukidwa kale m'madzi ndi dothi. Kuphatikiza apo, protein mince, yomwe imakonzedwa kuchokera ku nyama yopanda ng'ombe, nyama ya squid, zidutswa za chiwindi ndi mtima, ndiyabwino kudyetsa cichlids, kenako kuzizira.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti Astronotus ndi nsomba zodya nyama, choncho ayenera kupatsidwa chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri momwe angathere.... Pakadali pano pali mitundu yambiri yazakudya zapadera zomwe zimaperekedwa m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto, koma mwachilengedwe anthu oimira nyama amadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono, chifukwa chake, popanga zakudya, chakudya choyambirira chiyenera kuperekedwa. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito tizirombo ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'madzi, chakudya chatsopano komanso chowumitsa kapena chozizira.
Zofunika! Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimaperekedwa kuyenera kukhala kwakuti katswiri wa zakuthambo amatha kudya mumphindi zochepa. Chakudya chambiri sichidyedwa ndipo chimawononga madzi am'madzi a aquarium, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mwambiri, ma astronotus ndi nsomba zokongola komanso zanzeru kwambiri, zomwe, ndi chakudya choyenera komanso chisamaliro choyenera, zimatha kusangalatsa mbuye wawo ndi machitidwe osangalatsa, komanso chikondi china. Malo abwino, madzi oyera ndi ofunda, kupezeka kwa malo obisika komanso chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni kumalola chiweto chodzichepetsachi komanso chosangalatsa kuteteza moyo wake wautali komanso thanzi.
