Ilka ndi mphaka wosadya nsomba. Kodi marten wamkuluyu amawoneka bwanji ndikukhala? Chidwi mfundo za moyo wa nyama zolusa.
Kufotokozera kwa ilka
Martes pennanti, yemwenso amadziwika kuti mphaka wosodza, ndi nyama yaying'ono kwambiri ku North America. Ndiwofanana kwambiri ndi American marten, koma imaposa kukula kwake.
Ilka amwazikana pakati pa kontrakitala, kuyambira nkhalango yoboola kumpoto kwa Canada mpaka kumalire akumpoto kwa United States... Mtundu wake woyambirira udalinso kum'mwera kwambiri, koma m'mbuyomu, nyama izi zinasakidwa, chifukwa chake m'zaka za zana la 19 anali atatsala pang'ono kutha. Kuletsa kuwombera ndi kutchera misampha kwadzetsa kuyambiranso kwa mitunduyo mpaka kuwonedwa ngati tizirombo m'mizinda ina ya New England.
Ilka ndi wodya nyama mwachangu komanso woonda. Izi zimalola kuthamangitsa nyama m'mabowo amtengo kapena kubowola pansi. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa msodzi. Ngakhale lili ndi dzina, nyamayi sikudya nsomba kawirikawiri. Mfundo yonse ili mu chisokonezo cha mayina m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana. Dzinalo lachi French ndi fichet, kutanthauza ferret. Chifukwa cha "matanthauzidwe" osinthidwa amawu mu Chingerezi, zidapezeka kuti ficher, kutanthauza "msodzi", ngakhale amafanana pang'ono ndi asodzi.
Maonekedwe
Ziweto zamphongo ilka, pafupifupi, ndizokulirapo kuposa akazi. Kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna wamkulu kumasiyanasiyana 900 mpaka 1200 mm. Kulemera kwa thupi sikupitilira magalamu 3500-5000. Thupi la akazi limakhala pakati pa 750 mpaka 950 mm m'litali ndi 2000 mpaka 2500 magalamu olemera. Mchira waimuna umakhala pakati pa 370 ndi 410 mm, pomwe kutalika kwa mchira wa akazi kumakhala kuyambira 310 mpaka 360 mm.
Mtundu wa malaya a Elk umayambira pakati mpaka bulauni yakuda. Pakhoza kukhalanso ndi ma golide ndi siliva okhala pamutu ndi pamapewa a nyama. Mchira ndi zikopa za ilk zimakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda. Komanso, malo owala a beige amatha kupezeka pachifuwa cha chilombo. Mtundu waubweya ndi mawonekedwe amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa amuna ndi akazi. Ilka ali ndi zala zisanu; zikhadabo zawo sizimatha kubwerera.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ilka ndiwokwera mtengo mwachangu komanso mwachangu. Komanso, nthawi zambiri nyama izi zimayenda pansi. Ali okhaokha. Palibe umboni woti ma elki adayendapo awiriawiri kapena m'magulu, kupatula nthawi yakukwatirana. Mawonetseredwe aukali nthawi zambiri amawoneka pakati pa amuna, zomwe zimangotsimikizira kuti ali ndi moyo wosungulumwa. Zilombozi zimagwira ntchito masana ndi usiku. Atha kukhala osambira agile.
Zinyama izi zimagwiritsa ntchito malo opumira monga mabowo amitengo, ziphuphu, maenje, milu ya nthambi, ndi zisa za nthambi munthawi zonse. M'nyengo yozizira, maenje okumbidwa ndi dothi amakhala ngati nyumba yawo. Ilka imatha kukhala zisa chaka chonse, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala mmenemo masika ndi nthawi yophukira. Panyumba yozizira, amamanga mapanga a chipale chofewa, omwe amawoneka ngati maenje pansi pa chipale chofewa, opangidwa ndi ma tunnel ambiri opapatiza.
Ndizosangalatsa!Simungakumane nawo nthawi zambiri, chifukwa ali ndi "zinsinsi."
Kukula kwa malo otetezedwa kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 15 mpaka 35 ma kilomita, ndikumakhala pafupifupi ma kilomita 25. Malo amodzi amphongo ndi akulu kuposa akazi ndipo amatha kulumikizana nawo, koma nthawi zambiri samagwirizana ndi amuna ena. Anthu amtundu wa elk amatha kumva kununkhiza, kumva komanso kuwona. Amayankhulana wina ndi mnzake kudzera mwa kununkhiza.
Ngakhale m'zaka zaposachedwa, ziwetozi m'malo ena, makamaka kumwera kwa Ontario ndi New York, zikuyambiranso. M'maderawa, adazolowera kukhalapo kwa anthu kotero kuti adalowa m'malo akumatawuni. M'malo amenewa, pakhala pali malipoti ambiri onena za ziwopsezo za ziweto ngakhale ana.
Ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti olusawa amangoyesayesa kupeza chakudya ndikudziteteza, koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuzitcha izi zabwino. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ali ndi chitetezo, anthu akumderalo adapemphedwa kuti aziletsa zinyalala, chakudya china cha ziweto ndi nkhuku zapakhomo. Mukapanikizika, imatha kuchitira nkhanza anthu omwe amawopseza. Komanso, oimira odwala amtunduwo amatha kuchita zinthu mosayembekezereka.
Kodi ilka amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Ilks amatha kukhala zaka khumi zakutchire.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Ilka imapezeka ku North America kokha, kuyambira ku Sierra Nevada kupita ku California mpaka ku Mapiri a Appalachian, West Virginia ndi Virginia. Anthu awo amapitilira Sierra Nevada ndi kumwera m'mphepete mwa mapiri a Appalachian. Sapezeka m'mapiri kapena kum'mwera kwa United States. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwawo kwatsika kumwera chakummwera kwawo.
Nyamazi zimakonda nkhalango za coniferous kuti zizikhalamo, koma zimapezekanso m'minda yosakanikirana komanso yosalala.... Amasankha malo okhala ndi nkhalango zowakira zisa. Amakopedwanso ndi malo okhala ndi mitengo yambiri yopanda kanthu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo nkhalango komwe kuli spruce, fir, thuja ndi mitundu ina yazovuta. Monga momwe mungayembekezere, kukonda kwawo komwe kumakhalako kumawonetsa nyama yomwe amawakonda.
Zakudya za Ilka
Ilka ndi odyetsa. Ngakhale oyimilira ambiri ndi otsatira zakudya zosakanikirana. Zimayamwa zonse zakudya za nyama ndi zomera. Zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi ma voles, nungu, agologolo, hares, mbalame zazing'ono ndi zikopa. Nthawi zina wochenjera amatha kugwira nyama ina ngati chakudya chamasana. Akhozanso kudya zipatso ndi zipatso. Ilki ali okonzeka kusangalala ndi maapulo kapena mtedza wamtundu uliwonse mosangalala.
Ndizosangalatsa!Maziko a zakudya akadali nyama zopangidwa mwanjira zamtundu wanyama zamtundu wambiri.
Mitunduyi, monga American marten, ndi nyama yodalitsika, yozizira. Amakwanitsa kudzipezera chakudya pakati pa nthambi zamitengo komanso m'mabowo adothi, maenje amitengo ndi madera ena omwe ali ndi malire oyendetsera zinthu. Ndi osaka okha, chifukwa chake akuyang'ana nyama yomwe singakulireko. Ngakhale ilks amatha kugonjetsa nyama zazikulu kwambiri kuposa iwo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Zochepa ndizodziwika pamasewera olimbirana a Ilka. Kuperewera kwachidziwitso kumalumikizidwa ndi machitidwe awo obisika. Kukwatiwa kumatha mpaka maola asanu ndi awiri. Nthawi yoberekera imachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira komanso koyambirira kwa masika, kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi. Pambuyo pa umuna, mazirawo amakhala atayimitsidwa kwa miyezi 10 mpaka 11, ndipo kukula kumayambanso kumapeto kwa dzinja atakwatirana. Nthawi zambiri, kutenga pakati kumatha pafupifupi chaka chathunthu, kuyambira miyezi 11 mpaka 12. Pafupifupi ana aang'ono onyamula zinyalala ndi 3. Chiwerengero cha makanda chimasiyana kuyambira 1 mpaka 6. Mkazi wamkazi wathanzi amafika pofika zaka ziwiri azakugonana.
Atafika msinkhu wobereka, monga lamulo, ilka imabereka ana chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, azimayi ambiri amathera pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse wachikulire ali ndi pakati kapena poyamwa. Amuna amtunduwu amathanso kufikira msinkhu wazaka ziwiri. Nthawi yomweyo amakula pamiyeso yosiyana. Mkazi amafika polemera nyama yayikulu ali ndi zaka 5.5. Amuna amangokhala chaka chimodzi chokha chobadwa.
Achichepere amabadwa akhungu komanso pafupifupi amaliseche... Mwana aliyense wakhanda amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 40. Maso amatseguka pafupifupi masiku 53 atabadwa. Amasiyidwa kuyamwa ndi mayiwo atakwanitsa masabata 8-10. Koma amakhala pachisa cha banja kwa miyezi inayi. Popeza pofika nthawi ino amakhala odziyimira pawokha posaka okha. Amuna ambiri samathandiza kulera ndikulera ana awo.
Adani achilengedwe
Achinyamata amtundu uwu nthawi zambiri amakodwa ndi nkhamba, nkhandwe, nkhandwe kapena mimbulu.
Amuna ndi akazi akuluakulu, monga lamulo, amakhala otetezeka kwathunthu ndipo alibe adani achilengedwe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Ilks amatenga gawo lofunikira ngati nyama zolusa m'chilengedwe... Nthawi zambiri amapikisana ndi nkhandwe, nkhandwe, mphalapala, mimbulu, ma martens aku America komanso malo ogwirira ntchito. Ali ndi thanzi labwino ndipo sangatengeke ndi matenda aliwonse. Nthawi zambiri, amadzazunzidwa ndi manja a anthu chifukwa chamtengo waubweya wawo. Kutchera m'mbuyomu, komanso kuwononga nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana, zidakhudza kwambiri nyama izi.
Ndizosangalatsa!M'madera ena aku North America, monga Michigan, Ontario, New York ndi madera ena a New England, anthu aku Illek akuwoneka kuti achira posachedwa. Chiwerengero cha anthu ku South Sierra Nevada adasankhidwa kuti atetezedwe malinga ndi lamulo la Mitundu Yowopsa.
Kuwonongedwa kwa malo omwe amakonda kumasiya mwayi wosankha nyama zolusa. Malo osungira nyama akhala ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri kulanda nyama zimenezi mopambanitsa, koma zinawayendera bwino. Zowonadi, pakadali pano pali anthu ambiri olemera komanso athanzi ku ilka. Pulogalamu yapadera idapangidwanso kuti iswane ndikusunga kuthekera kwa nyamazi mu ukapolo.
