Nkhumba ya Guinea (lat. Ngakhale idakhala ndi dzina loyambirira, nyama zamtunduwu sizimagwirizana ndi nkhumba kapena zamoyo zam'madzi.
Mbiri yoyambira
Kutsekedwa kwa nkhumba za Guinea kunachitika mchaka chachisanu, nthawi yathu ino isanachitike, ndikutenga nawo gawo kwamitundu ya Andes ku South America... Nyama zoterezi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ngati chakudya ndi makolo akale omwe amakhala kumwera kwa Colombia, Peru, Ecuador ndi Bolivia. Zimavomerezedwa kuti nkhumba zamtchire zokha zimafunafuna kutentha ndi chitetezo mnyumba ya anthu.
Kwa a Inca, nthanga yayikulu inali nyama yodzipereka kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake, nyama zotere nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa nsembe kwa mulungu dzuwa. Zinyama zokhala ndi bulauni wosiyanasiyana kapena zoyera zoyera zinali zotchuka kwambiri. Mbuye wa nkhumba zamakono zowetedwa kale ndi Savia arerea tschudi, yomwe imapezeka kumadera akumwera kwa Chile, m'malo omwe ali pamtunda wosapitirira 4.2 zikwi mita pamwamba pa nyanja.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zinyama zamtunduwu zimagwirizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikukhala m'malo obisika mobisa.
Ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi mawonekedwe ake, C.arerea tschudi ndiwosiyana kwambiri ndi nkhumba zapakhomo zomwe zikudziwika pano, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha chakudya, madzi osowa komanso kuchuluka kwama cellulose.
Kufotokozera nkhumba ku Guinea
Malinga ndi zoological systematics, Guinea nkhumba (Cavis cobaya) zikuyimira oimira banja la makoswe omwe ali ndi ziboda zokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, komanso mawonekedwe apadera.
Maonekedwe
Momwe thupi limakhalira, nkhumba za Guinea ndizofanana kwambiri ndi magawo amomwe timapangira komanso momwe zimakhalira ndi nyama zoweta. Komabe, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati podziwika:
- nkhumba imakhala ndi thupi lozungulira, komanso kutalika kwake, monga lamulo, mkati mwa 20-22 cm, koma anthu ena okhwima pakadutsa akhoza kukhala otalikirapo;
- msana wanyamawo umaimiridwa ndi khomo lachiberekero zisanu ndi ziwiri, thoracic khumi ndi iwiri, lumbar sikisi, sacral zinayi ndi ma vertebrae asanu ndi awiri;
- nkhumba, motero, ilibe mchira, ndipo nyama yotereyi ili pafupifupi yopanda ma clavicles;
- nkhumba zazimuna ndizolemera pang'ono kuposa zazimayi, ndipo kulemera kwa nyama yayikulu kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 0,7-1.8 kg;
- nkhumba zili ndi miyendo yaifupi kwambiri, ndipo zonse ziwiri patsogolo pake ndi zazifupi kwambiri kuposa zazikazi;
- pa miyendo yakutsogolo pali zala zinayi, ndipo pamapazi akumbuyo - atatu aliwonse, omwe ndi mawonekedwe awo akunja amafanana ziboda zazing'ono;
- chovala cha Guinea chimakula pakatha masentimita 0,2-0.5 pasanathe sabata limodzi;
- dera la sacrum limadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa zotupa zolimbitsa thupi, ndipo khungu limapinda pafupi ndi maliseche ndi anus ali ndi zotupa za paranasal zachinsinsi;
- mutu wa nkhumba wamkulu ndi wokulirapo, wokhala ndi ubongo wabwino;
- incisors ya nyamayi imakula m'moyo wonse, ndipo kuchuluka kwakukula kwakukula ndi pafupifupi milimita imodzi ndi theka pa sabata;
- kusiyana kwa nsagwada yakumunsi ya nkhumba ndikumatha kuyenda momasuka mosasamala komwe akutsogolera;
- utali wonse wamatumbo umadutsa kwambiri kukula kwa thupi lanyama, chifukwa chimbudzi chingachedwe kwa sabata.
Mitundu, kapangidwe kake ndi kutalika kwa malaya kumatha kukhala kosiyana kwambiri, komwe kumadalira mtundu waukulu wa mitundu. Pali anthu omwe ali ndi tsitsi lalifupi kwambiri komanso lalitali kwambiri, la wavy kapena lowongoka.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mwachilengedwe, nkhumba zamtchire zimakonda kugwira ntchito m'mawa kwambiri kapena nthawi yamadzulo madzulo. Nyamayo imakhala yothamanga kwambiri, imatha kuthamanga mwachangu ndipo imayesetsa kukhala tcheru nthawi zonse. Mutha kuwona nkhumba zakutchire osati kumapiri okha, komanso m'nkhalango. Nkhumba zaku Guinea sizimakonda kukumba maenje ndipo zimakonda kukonza chisa pamalo opanda phokoso komanso obisika. Udzu wouma, nthambi zofewa komanso zowonda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo achitetezo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nkhumba zowetedwa zoweta sizimangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ziweto zodzichepetsa, komanso zimapezekanso m'malo opangira ma vivariamu m'malo osiyanasiyana ofufuza.
Nyama yamtchire ndiyabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake imakhala m'dera lodziwika bwino pagulu lalikulu, pakati pa abale ake... Gulu lililonse kapena banja limadziwika ndi kupezeka kwamwamuna m'modzi, yemwe amatha kukhala ndi akazi kuchokera pa khumi mpaka makumi awiri. Kunyumba, nkhumba zazinyama zimasungidwa m'makola wamba okhala ndi malo okwanira kuyenda, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chazinyama. Ziweto zoterezi zimagona kangapo patsiku, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, nkhumba imatha kupumula osatseka ngakhale maso ake.
Kodi nkhumba imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa nkhumba yamtchire, nthawi zambiri, siyidutsa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo nyama yoweta, malinga ndi malamulo amasamaliro ndi kayendedwe kabwino ka zakudya, imatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu.
Mitundu ya nkhumba ku Guinea
Nkhumba zokongoletsa zili m'gulu la ziweto zotchuka kwambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri yazinyama zoyipa izi:
- Mtundu wa Alpaca umasiyanitsidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda komanso lokongola, lopindika komanso lalitali. Nkhumba zili ndi rosettes ziwiri kumbuyo, komanso imodzi yopangidwa mosakhazikika pamphumi. Ubweya womwe ukukula kupita kutsogolo mdera lamphuno umapanga zipsinjo zam'mbali, ndipo miyendo imakulitsidwa ndi ubweya wokhawo kuyambira pansi;
- Mtundu wa Texel uli ndi malaya okongola kwambiri komanso opindika, omwe amawoneka ngati chilolezo chonyowa. Chifukwa cha tsitsi lake lachilendo komanso lokongola, mtundu wa Texel ndiwodziwika kwambiri m'maiko ambiri;
- Mtundu wa Abyssinia ndi umodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri komanso zakale kwambiri, zodziwika ndi malaya olimba okhala ndi rosettes zingapo ngati tsitsi lalitali. Nkhumba za mtunduwu zimayenda modabwitsa ndipo zimadziwika ndi njala yabwino;
- Mtundu wa Merino uli ndi chovala chotalika komanso chopindika, komanso masaya, opangidwa bwino komanso mabala am'mbali. Mtunduwo umakhala ndi maso ndi makutu akulu, mutu wamfupi, komanso kapangidwe kake kolimba. Pamutu pa nkhumba pali "Korona" wogwirizana komanso wowoneka bwino;
- Mtundu wa ku Peru uli ndi malaya aatali komanso okongola omwe safuna chisamaliro chapadera kapena chovuta kwambiri. Eni ake a nkhumba zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma papillote apadera paubweya wa chiweto chawo, kupewa kupweteketsa tsitsi lalitali;
- Mitundu ya Rex ndi ya tsitsi lalifupi, chifukwa chake ubweya uli ndi mawonekedwe achilendo omwe amawoneka bwino amapangitsa kuti nkhumba zoweta ziwoneke ngati chidole chokongola. Pamalo amutu ndi kumbuyo, malaya ndi ovuta;
- Mtundu wa Cornet m'maiko ena umatchedwa "Crested" kapena "Kuvala korona", womwe umafotokozedwa ndikupezeka kwa rosette yapadera pakati pamakutu. Mtunduwo umasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa tsitsi lalitali mthupi lonse. Oyambitsa a Cornet anali mitundu ya Sheltie ndi Crested;
- Mtundu wa Sheltie umadziwika ndi mkanjo wautali komanso wowongoka, wonyezimira kwambiri, komanso kupezeka pamutu wamane wapadera, womwe umagwera pamapewa ndi kumbuyo kwa nkhumba. Nyama zazifupi kuchokera pobadwa zimalandira malaya awo azaka zonse miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yokha.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nkhumba za Guinea za mtundu wa Baldwin zimawoneka zachilendo komanso zosazolowereka, zimakhala zofewa komanso zotanuka, khungu lamaliseche, ndipo tsitsi locheperako komanso lalitali kwambiri limatha kupezeka pa mawondo a nyama.
Mtundu wa Selfie ndioyenera kukhala umodzi wodziwika kwambiri komanso wofunidwa pakati pa nkhumba zazing'ono zazifupi. Kukhalapo kwa mtundu wolimba mosiyanasiyana kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumapangitsa ngakhale kuyenda kochepa kwambiri kwa nyama kukhala kosiyana.
Kusamalira nkhumba ku Guinea
M'masiku oyamba atagula, nkhumba yaying'ono imakhala yopanda phokoso komanso yodekha chifukwa chakusintha kwa chiweto. Pakadali pano, nyamayo ndi yamanyazi kwambiri, imakhala ndi njala yosauka ndipo imakhala nthawi yayitali, yozizira pamalo amodzi. Kuwongolera nthawi yosinthira makoswe, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale bata komanso kulandirako mchipindacho.
Khola kudzazidwa
Mwachilengedwe chawo, nkhumba zazimbalangondo ndi nyama zamanyazi, zomwe zimachita zovuta pakusintha kwina kulikonse kapena phokoso lalikulu... Kuti muzisamalira, mungagwiritse ntchito terrarium kapena khola ndi mphasa, koma njira yachiwiri ndi yabwino. Khola limakhala ndi nyumba yogona kapena yopumulira, komanso malingaliro amasewera, odyetsa komanso omwera. Makulidwe anyumba amasankhidwa potengera kukula kwa nyama.
Kusamalira, ukhondo
Pet ayenera kutetezedwa osati ku drafts, komanso ku nthawi yaitali dzuwa. Mankhwala amadzi amathandizidwa pakufunika, ndipo malaya amapindidwa sabata iliyonse. Mutha kudulira zikhadabo zosasunthika kangapo pachaka.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Chifukwa chake nkhumba ndi nkhumba
- Kodi nkhumba zimakhala ndi zaka zingati?
- Guinea mano akusamalira
Onetsani nyama, zomwe kuyambira ali aang'ono zimaphunzitsidwa kukhala mmaimidwe osasunthika, mosasunthika, zimafunikira chidwi. Ziweto zazitali zazitali ziyenera kuphunzitsidwa kukanikiza tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kupeta tsitsi papillotes apadera. Ma gilts okhala ndi tsitsi losalala komanso la waya ayenera kudulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Zakudya za nkhumba ku Guinea
Pokhala mwachilengedwe, nkhumba zimadya mizu ndi mbewu za zomera, masamba, zipatso ndi zipatso zomwe zagwa kuchokera mumitengo kapena zitsamba. Chakudya chachikulu cha nkhumba zoweta zitha kukhala udzu wapamwamba kwambiri, womwe umakhazikika m'matumbo ndikulola nyamayo kukukuta mano. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kabwino ka kugaya zakudya, ziweto zoterezi zimadya chakudya nthawi zambiri, koma pang'ono.
Zofunika! Madokotala azachipatala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chopangidwa kale, kuchuluka kwake ndi supuni imodzi patsiku.
Zakudya zamchere zingapo ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya za mbewa, zomwe zitha kuyimiridwa ndi maapulo, letesi, kaloti ndi masamba ena.... Zipatso zokoma, zipatso ndi zipatso zimaperekedwa ngati chithandizo. Pofuna kukukuta mano, chinyama chimapatsidwa nthambi za apulo kapena chitumbuwa, udzu winawake kapena mizu ya dandelion. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa mbale yakumwa ndi madzi oyera komanso abwino khola la nkhumba, lomwe limayenera kusinthidwa tsiku lililonse mosalephera.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti nkhumba zazimbudzi ndizodyetsa nyama, chifukwa chake chakudya chilichonse choyambira nyama chiyenera kuchotsedwa pachakudya cha chiweto chotere. Mwazina, lactose siyamwitsidwa ndi nyama zazikulu, motero kuwonjezera chakudya cha chiweto chotere ndi mkaka kumatha kukhumudwitsa m'mimba. Chakudya chilichonse chosakhala bwino komanso kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa zakudya kumayambitsa matenda akulu, ndipo nthawi zina kumakhala komwe kumayambitsa kufa.
Zaumoyo, matenda ndi kupewa
Gulu la matenda omwe amafala kwambiri kwa omwe akuyamba kumene komanso ali ndi luso la nkhumba ndi monga matenda omwe amaperekedwa ndi:
- nyongolotsi ndi majeremusi kunja;
- alopecia kapena kutayika tsitsi chifukwa cha zakudya zosayenera, zovuta, kusowa mavitamini kapena mchere, kupezeka kwa majeremusi;
- kuvulala ndi ma fracture chifukwa chophwanya malamulo amtundu;
- rickets opanda kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena magawo a vitamini;
- chimfine mwa mawonekedwe a matenda opuma opuma, chibayo, otitis media kapena cystitis, omwe amachokera ku hypothermia;
- anomalies a incisors mano;
- kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kake ka m'mimba, limodzi ndi kutsegula m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, enteritis ndi kupindika;
- keratitis ndi conjunctivitis yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha matenda, mankhwala ndi makina opweteka.
Kudya mopitirira muyeso kapena kupitirira muyeso kumatha kubweretsa kukula kwakanthawi kochepa kwa kunenepa kwambiri kwa chiweto.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ndibwino kukwapula nkhumba kwa nthawi yoyamba ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Nthawi yachikazi ya estrus imakhala masiku khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, koma umuna umatheka pakadutsa maola asanu ndi atatu, pambuyo pake mimba imayamba, kutha miyezi iwiri ndikuwoneka kwa ana.
Kutatsala sabata limodzi kuti kubereka kuyambika, gawo lamimba la mkazi limakula. Mu zinyalala, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ana awiri kapena atatu mpaka asanu. Nkhumba zazing'ono zomwe zimabadwa kumene zakula bwino ndipo zimatha kuyenda palokha. Nthawi zambiri wamkazi amadyetsa ana ake osapitirira miyezi iwiri.
Kugula nkhumba
Nyama zowonetsa bwino zimatsata kwathunthu mtundu wawo ndikuchita nawo ziwonetsero, ndipo nkhumba zamtundu wina zimatenga nawo gawo pakuswana ndikupanga chomwe chimatchedwa "msana" wa kennel iliyonse. Nkhumba izi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo zili ndi zolemba zonse zofunika. Ziweto zazing'ono sizikhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Mtengo wa nyama umadalira magawo ambiri, kuphatikiza jenda, mtundu, mawonekedwe amtundu ndi komwe adachokera... Nkhumba zotumizidwa zimawononga mtengo wogula kuphatikiza mtengo wonyamula kupita kwa wogula, womwe ungakhale ma ruble a 13-15 zikwi komanso kupitilira apo. Mulimonsemo, nyama iyenera kukhala yathanzi, yopatsa thanzi komanso yogwira ntchito, yokhala ndi maso ndi mphuno zoyera, komanso ndi tsitsi lokonzedwa bwino lopanda zisa kapena madazi.
Ndemanga za eni
Zachidziwikire, kuti mtengo wa nkhumba yodziwika bwino sikupezeka kwa ogula wamba, koma ngati mukufuna kuchita nawo makoswe odziwika bwino, kusankha kwanu kuyenera kuyimitsidwa pazinyama zomwe zili ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuswana nkhumba mdziko lathu sikunafikebe kumtunda kwakunja, koma ngakhale pano akatswiri amakoswe amakongoletsa kuti aziweta ziweto zoyambirira komanso zosowa.
Eni ake omwe ali ndi luso samatsutsana pakati pa nthumwi za mitundu yayitali ndi tsitsi lalifupi, chifukwa ana onse omwe adzakhalepo adzawerengedwa kuti ndiopambana kwambiri omwe sachita nawo ziwonetsero. Mwazina, kusavomerezeka kwa oimira mating amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndichifukwa choletsa kukula kwamitundu.
Mulimonsemo, nkhumba ndiyabwino kukhala ya ziweto zabwino kwambiri, makamaka kwa aliyense amene akufuna kukhala ndi nyama koyamba. Nyama yotereyi ndi yosasamala komanso yosavuta kuyisamalira, yokonda kwambiri komanso ochezeka, chifukwa chake ndiyabwino kusamalira nyumba, ngakhale m'mabanja omwe ali ndi ana.
