Anthu adamva za mbalame yachilendo yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Rioni ku Georgia. Tsopano dziko lonse limamudziwa ngati pheasant.
Kufotokozera kwa pheasant
Nkhuku wamba kapena ya ku Caucasus ndiye nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri pakuyitanitsa nkhuku.... Mitunduyi imaphatikizanso 32 subspecies, zosiyana mitundu.
Maonekedwe
Cholozera
- Kutalika kwa thupi kuphatikiza mchira: amuna 70-90 cm; akazi 55-70cm.
- Kulemera: amuna 1.3-2 kg, akazi 1-1.4 kg.
- Mchira kutalika: amuna 45-60 cm, akazi 20-25 cm.
Mapikowo ndi achidule, owulungika. Amatulutsa pamiyendo. Mchira ndi wautali, woboola pakati. Ili ndi nthenga 18 zomwe zikubwera kumapeto. Ma dimorphism amatchulidwa: amuna a pheasants amakhala akulu kwambiri komanso owala kwambiri kuposa akazi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chimodzi mwamaonekedwe a pheasant chachimuna ndi malo ozungulira maso ndi masaya opanda nthenga. Maderawa amakhala ofiira kwambiri mukamagwedezeka.
Mtundu wamphongo wamphongo ndi luso. Mwambiri, mamvekedwe onse ndi ofiira agolide kapena ndi sheen wofiirira. Mapikowo ndi ofiira mopepuka. Mutu wake ndi wa emarodi-wachitsulo. Kutsogolo kwa khosi ndi chifuwa kumakhala kofiirira ndi chitsulo chonyezimira. Kumbuyo kwa mutu kuli nthenga zazitali zagolidi zomwe zili m'munsi mwake zobiriwira. Dera kumbuyo kwa khosi ndi utoto wakuda kapena wofiirira. Kutsogolo kwake kwa utoto kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe owonekera amdima. Pafupifupi nthenga zonse zakumtunda zimakhala ndi utoto wofiira. Pansi pake pamakhala chopepuka. Mimba nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiirira. Mlomo ndi miyendo ndi zachikasu.
Mitundu yambiri yazamasamba wamba imakhala ndi utoto wambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pheasant waku Georgia amakhala ndi bulauni pamimba pake, wokhala ndi nthenga zonyezimira. Mtundu wa pheasant waku Japan umakhala wobiriwira kwambiri wobiriwira. Mtundu wa phesi ya Khiva umayang'aniridwa ndi mithunzi yofiira yamkuwa.
Zazikazi sizimadziwika ndi nthenga zawo zokongola. Chifukwa chake, chilengedwe chimateteza, chimapangitsa kuti zisawoneke kwa adani, ndikupangitsa kuti kubereka ndi kudyetsa ana. Mtundu wa akazi nthawi zambiri umakhala wosiyanasiyana, koma mumitundu yambiri yamchenga. Pathupi pali mtundu wa sikelo yakuda bulauni. Pali zomangira zolimba pamutu ndi m'khosi, zomwe zimapangitsa malowa kukhala owoneka mdima. Pali kuwala kofooka kwambiri. Pamwamba pake pachifuwa komanso pansi pa khosi pali mabala ofiira ofiira mozungulira. Miyendo ndi milomo ndi imvi.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mwini wa nthenga zokongola kwambiri m'moyo amayenera kubisala nthawi zonse kuti asakhale wolanda nyama. The pheasant ndi wamanyazi kwambiri komanso wosamala. Imakonda kubisala m'nkhalango kapena muudzu wamtali. Momwe mungathere, mumakwera mitengo ndikupuma pakati pa masamba. Asanatsike pansi, akuyang'ana kozungulira kwa nthawi yayitali. Kenako imagwa mwadzidzidzi komanso mwachangu, ndikusintha ngodya mwamphamvu ndikulowa njira yopingasa, ndikuyenda mlengalenga.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwa onse oimira banja la nkhuku, pheasant amakhala ndi mbiri yothamanga kwambiri. Maonekedwe omwe amatenga akathamanga nawonso ndi osangalatsa: amatambasula khosi lake ndikupita patsogolo, kwinaku akukweza mchira wake. Kotero, njira yokhayokha yokhayokha imathandizira kusintha kwambiri kayendedwe kabwino ka kuthamanga.
Kupatula nyengo yobereketsa, yomwe imayamba mchaka, pheasants amasunga gulu la amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Magulu a amuna ndiochulukirapo kuposa magulu azimayi. Kutulutsidwa kumapangidwira kukafunafuna chakudya m'mawa ndi madzulo. Pakufika masika, machitidwe amasintha. Nkhanza zimakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a mabanja. Kwa moyo wonse, amasankha dera pafupi ndi dziwe, lodzala ndi masamba ndi chakudya. Amakhala m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango.
Amakonda kwambiri zitsamba zaminga zaminga zomwe zimateteza mbalamezi kwa adani awo. Nyama yayikulu imangokwera tchire laminga nthawi zonse. Tugai nkhalango komanso malo osadutsa mabango am'mitsinje amakonda. Zisa zimamangidwa pansi, osati patali ndi matupi amadzi. Nthawi zonse, pheasant imapereka mawu pokhapokha pouluka. Phokosolo ndi lakuthwa, lamphamvu, mwadzidzidzi. Pakadali pano, imatulutsa mawu apadera.
Kodi pheasant amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Kutalika kwa moyo wa pheasant mu ukapolo ndi zaka 12-15. Pazikhalidwe zachilengedwe, mbiri idasungidwa kwa moyo wa munthu - zaka 7 ndi miyezi 7.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
The pheasant ndiofalikira kwambiri: kuchokera ku Pyrenean Peninsula kupita kuzilumba za Japan... Amakhala ku Caucasus, Turkmenistan, Far East, North America ndi Europe. Amatha kukhala kulikonse m'nyengo yozizira kutalika kwa chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa sichipitilira masentimita 20. M'mapiri mumakhala bwino pamtunda wokwera mpaka 2600 m pamwamba pamadzi.
Zakudya wamba za pheasant
Zakudya za pheasant zimakhala ndi zakudya zamasamba: mbewu, zipatso, mphukira, zipatso. Mitundu yoposa zana ya zomera imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Zinyalala sizimakananso chakudya cha nyama: nyongolotsi, nkhono, tizilombo, akangaude, njoka zazing'ono ndi makoswe. Komabe, pheasants ambiri amakonda zakudya zamasamba. Makanda obadwa kumene kwa mwezi umodzi amadya chakudya chokhacho chonyama, ndipo akamakula, amasinthana ndi zakudya zamasamba.
Kuti mugayike bwino, pheasants amafunika kuyendera: miyala. Chakudya chimapezeka pansi, chimakumba nthaka ndi mawoko olimba ndi mlomo wakuthwa. Chakudya chimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kutchire ndikudumphadumpha. Nthawi yomwe chakudya chimasowa, zotsalira za zipatso zimapezeka pamitengo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Pakufika masika, ma pheasants amalowa nyengo yokwatirana. Ngati m'mbuyomu amuna ndi akazi amakhala mosiyana, zinthu zikusintha kwambiri. Amuna amasiyana pagulu napita. Atasankha kapena kugonjetsa gawo la pafupifupi 400-500 mita, amayesetsa kuteteza.
Kuti achite izi, amayenda pafupipafupi m'derali, mbali imodzi, akuwonetsa amuna ena kuti gawolo lakhala, komano, likuitanira akazi kwa iwo. Akazi, mosiyana ndi amuna, samayenda m'modzi m'modzi, amakhala m'magulu a anthu 3-4. Kuchokera pagululi, pheasant amasankha bwenzi lake mosamala.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwachilengedwe, pheasants amakhala okhaokha, koma ali mu ukapolo amawonetsa mitala.
Amuna amamenya nkhondo mwachangu ndi anzawo, kuteteza gawo la 400-500 mita ndikulondera mosalekeza, kuteteza ku kuwukira ndikuitanira akazi okha. Akazi amabwera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 3-4. Mwamuna amasankha mkazi ndi wokwatirana naye.
Kuvina kwokomerako kapena pheasant kumayamba pomwe pheasant imakwera ndikuyamba kumenya mapiko ake mwamphamvu kuti asakhudze pansi... Pachifukwa ichi, mchira umatseguka, umakwera madigiri 45-50. Amphongo amakoka, amasula nthaka, amanyamula njerezo ndikuziponya, potero amayitana mkazi. Zosangalatsa ndikumveka komwe pheasant amapanga pakadali pano. Pali mfuu yaukwati, yomwe imakhala ndi masilabulu awiri "kh-kh". Ndi phokoso lakuthwa, lalifupi, lophulika pang'ono komanso lamphamvu. Pambuyo pake, pheasant nthawi zambiri amawomba mapiko ake ndikunjenjemera ndi mawu ake. Ndipo pali liwu lachiwiri la pheasant, panthawi yachisangalalo komanso kuyandikira kwa mkaziyo, amasindikiza "gu-gu-gu" wodekha, wogontha.
Asanatengeke, magawo amphongo amphongo amphongo athupi amakhala ofiira. Pambuyo pa coitus, chachimuna chimatsegula mchira wake ndi mapiko ake kwa chachikazi ndikuweramitsa mutu wake pansi, kotero kuti imatsala pang'ono kukhudza pansi. Kenako amayenda mozungulira mnzake ndikupanga phokoso. Pakakhala chibwenzi chopambana, nsato yazimayi imamanga chisa. Amachita yekha, wamwamuna satenga nawo gawo pantchito yomanga chisa ndikulera anapiye. Chisa chimakhala chakuya masentimita 2 mpaka 12 cm, m'mimba mwake masentimita 12-30. Nthawi zambiri chimamangidwa pansi, pomwe chimabisidwa bwino muudzu kapena tchire laminga.
Mkazi amaikira mazira abulauni chakumapeto kwa Marichi-koyambirira kwa Epulo. Amachita izi kamodzi patsiku. Mazira 8 mpaka 12 amapezeka. Kenako yaikazi imafungatira mazirawo kwa masiku 22-25. Munthawi imeneyi, sichimatuluka mwamphamvu, chimathamangitsa nyama zazing'ono ndikutchinjiriza ma pheasants amtsogolo. Mkazi amachotsedwa pokhapokha ngati mphamvu zake zamusiya. Kwa kanthawi kochepa amadzuka pachisa kukadya. Zotsatira zake, kulemera kwazimayi kumachepetsedwa pafupifupi theka. Nthawi zambiri, yamphongo imakhala pafupi ndipo imabweretsa chakudya.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mitundu ya pheasants imapezeka ngakhale nthawi yophukira, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri mkazi amabala mazira amodzi nthawi iliyonse. Izi zimachitika ngati clutch woyamba wamwalira m'manja mwa chilombo ndipo chachikazi sichingachitire mwina koma kuyesera kuti ichedwetse clutch yachiwiri.
Ma pheasants omwe aswedwawo amakhala mchisa kwa maora ochepa okha, kenako amatsatira amayi awo mosangalala pofunafuna chakudya. Amafuna kutetezedwa kwa masiku pafupifupi 80, koma atatha masiku 12-15 amatha kuthawa. Mkazi amaphunzitsa anapiye kupeza chakudya ndipo poyamba chakudya cha ana ndi chakudya chanyama chokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Kutha msinkhu kwa pheasants achichepere kumayamba kuyambira masiku 220 amoyo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti adakhala achikulire odziyimira pawokha.
Kuyambira tsiku la 250, pheasants ambiri amayamba kuswana... Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi amuna, popeza thumba losunga mazira mwa akazi limapangidwa kokha kumapeto kwa masika. Mu ukapolo, akazi amayanjana ndikusamalira ana onse. Zikatero, anapiye okwanira 50 amaleredwa bwino. Wamphongo naye samachita chidwi ndi mbewuyo. Nthawi zina amuna, ngakhale akhale ndi mkazi mmodzi, amabereka akazi awiri kapena atatu m'banja lawo, ndipo amabereka ana chaka chilichonse.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani achilengedwe a pheasants wamba ndi nkhandwe, nkhandwe, zikuku, nkhandwe, agalu amtchire, komanso mitundu ina ya mbalame zodya nyama monga akadzidzi ndi nkhwangwa.
Zofunika! Pazachilengedwe, mchaka choyamba cha moyo, pafupifupi 80% ya anthu amafa.
M'masiku amakono, anthu amaopseza kwambiri pheasants. Nyama yamtengo wapatali, yathanzi ya mbalamezi ndi chifukwa chowasakira. Nthawi zambiri munthu amagwiritsa ntchito agalu osaka pogwira ma pheasants, omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mbalamezi mosavuta komanso mwachangu. Atapeza pheasant, galu amauthamangitsa mumtengo ndipo panthawi yomwe mbalameyo imanyamuka, mlenjeyo amawombera.
Mtengo wamalonda
Zakudya zokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi za nthawi yayitali zimayamikiridwa ndi anthu. Magalamu 100 lili 254 kcal. Nyama yozizira imapindulitsa thupi, imawonjezera kukana kwake matenda osiyanasiyana, imalimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi. Kuswana kosavuta kunayamba pafupifupi zaka za zana la 19. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka, chakudya, komanso kukongoletsa bwalo. Ntchito zokongoletsa nthawi zambiri zinkachitidwa ndi pheasant wagolide.
M'zaka za zana la 20, kuswana kwa pheasants m'malo achinsinsi kunakhala chinthu chofala.... Ma pheasants apanyumba amabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa eni ake. Nthambi yapadera ya kuswana kwa pheasant imawonekera. Mbalameyi imasungidwa m'minda yosaka, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu kugwa - nyengo yosaka mwachangu. Mitundu yapadera yosaka imawoneka - chisakanizo cha mitundu yaku China, Semirechye ndi Caucasus. Imapezekanso kugula anapiye apabanja pawo, chakudya ndi zokongoletsa pabwalo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chiwerengero cha nkhandwe chikuchira mwachangu ngakhale adazigwiritsa ntchito posaka. Zina mwazinthu zachilengedwe, nyengo ndi zolusa zimakhudza kuchuluka. Choyamba, kuchepa kwa manambala kumachitika pambuyo pa chipale chofewa, kuzizira. Ngati chipale chofewa chimakhala choposa masentimita 20 ndikukhala kwakanthawi. Mwambiri, kuchuluka kwa ma pheasants kumafikira 300 miliyoni. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) imati pheasant ndi "Wosasamala".
