Mbalame yokongolayi imakhala kwawo kwakutali. Blue jay ndiyochenjera, yopatsa chidwi komanso yojambula modabwitsa - kutsanzira mosavuta mawu aliwonse, kusokoneza chidwi cha mbalame zina kuchokera pachakudya chomwe chapezeka.
Kufotokozera kwa blue jay
Mbalameyi, pamodzi ndi Styl Black mutu wa Blue Jay, imayimira mtundu wa Cyanocitta (blue jays), membala wa banja la Corvidae... Mbali yapadera ya mitunduyi ndi mtundu wautali, wowala wabuluu, chifukwa chake mbalameyi imatchedwa buluu ndi crested, kapena, potengera mtundu, North American jay.
Maonekedwe
Chifukwa chakudziwika kogonana, amuna mwamwambo amakhala akulu kuposa akazi, koma kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi sikugwira ntchito ndi utoto - nthenga zapamwamba zazimuna ndi zazikazi zimatulutsa mtundu wabuluu wowala.
Ndizosangalatsa! Anthu omwe adanyamula jay m'manja mwawo amati mtundu wabuluu ndichinyengo chabe. Kuwala kumabisalanso mkatikati mwa nthenga, ndikuwapatsa kuwala kwa buluu komwe kumazimiririka nthenga ikangogwa.
Ma jay achikulire achikulire amakula mpaka 25-29 cm (ndi mchira wofanana ndi 11-13 cm), osatambasula kuposa 70-100 g. Mapiko a jay buluu amayandikira masentimita 34-43. Cholembacho chimakhala chowoneka buluu kapena buluu wamtambo. Nthenga zomwe zili pansi pamtengowo zimajambulidwa zakuda. Zingwe, mlomo ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ozungulira maso ndiopaka utoto wofanana. Khosi, masaya ndi kumunsi kwa thupi ndi zoyera.
Mphepete mwa mchira ndi woyera, ndi mawanga oyera owoneka bwino pamapiko / mchira. Jay waku North America ali ndi mchira wabuluu ndi nthenga zouluka, zomwe zimadutsidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yopingasa. Mbalameyi ili ndi maso akuda komanso owala, miyendo yakuda yakuda ndi mlomo wolimba, womwe imagawanika mosavuta nthanga zotsekedwa mu chipolopolo cholimba.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
A Mark Twain nthawi ina adachita nthabwala kuti ma buluu amatchedwa mbalame kokha chifukwa ali ndi nthenga ndipo samapita kutchalitchi. Kupanda kutero, amafanana kwambiri ndi anthu: amanamiziranso, kulumbira komanso kunyenga panjira iliyonse.
Ndizosangalatsa! Blue jay nthawi zambiri imatsanzira kulira kwakukulu kwa nkhwangwa kuti ithamangitse omwe akupikisana nawo pachakudya, kuphatikizapo Florida bush jays, nkhalango, mbalame, ndi agologolo agulu, ochokera kumalo odyetsera nkhalango. Zowona, chinyengo ichi sichikhala motalika: patapita kanthawi kochepa, oyandikana nawo omwe abodza abwerera.
Ma Crested jays amakhala ndi moyo wochezeka, womwe s umangokhala m'mabungwe awiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zimapanga magulu am'magulu kapena timagulu tating'onoting'ono, kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake ndi mawu kapena zolankhula zamthupi, kapena kani, mothandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo okongola. Nthenga za crest, zopita kutsogolo, zimanenanso zodabwitsa kapena chisangalalo, za mkwiyo womwe udakumana - mawonekedwe ake owonekera.
Pochita mantha, chikwapacho chimadzikuza ngati burashi yotsuka mbale... Buluu jay ndi onomatopoeic womaliza. Nkhokwe yake yoyimbira imakhala ndi mawu ambiri omwe kale anali akumva m'chilengedwe, kuyambira nyimbo zapansipansi mpaka phokoso la pampu wambiri.
Jay amatha kuliza likhweru, kufuula mokweza (kutsanzira mbalame zolusa), kutsanzira mabelu akulira, kukuwa (kuchenjeza za zoopsa), kukuwa, kukuwa kapena kulira. Cay jay amaphunzira kutulutsa mawu amunthu. A Jays samangodziwitsa onse okhala m'nkhalango momwe mdani amayandikira: nthawi zambiri mbalame zimagwirizana kuti zimuukire ndi mgwirizano.
Kuyambira Julayi mpaka Seputembala, wamkulu waku North America jays molt, ndi nyama zazing'ono molt woyamba amapezeka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Munthawi ya kusungunuka, iwonso, monga mbalame zambiri, amakonza njira yotchedwa nyerere: amasamba mu nyerere kapena nyerere pansi pa nthenga zawo. Umu ndi momwe mbalame zimachotsera tiziromboti. Mitundu yambiri yama buluu yomwe imakhala kumpoto kwa mitunduyo imanyamuka nthawi yozizira kumadera akumwera. Pandege, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika mdima usanafike, mbalame zimasonkhana m'magulu akulu (mpaka anthu zikwi zitatu) ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono (5-50 payekha).
Kodi jay buluu amakhala motalika bwanji?
Kutalika kwa moyo wa ma jays aku North America kuyambira zaka 10 mpaka 18.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Blue jays amakhala pafupifupi theka la North America, amakhala makamaka zigawo zakum'mawa kwa United States ndi Canada. Mtundu wa jay wokhotakhota, wotchedwa Blue Jay kudziko lakwawo, umafikira ku Gulf of Mexico. Kumadzulo kwa North America, malo okhala buluu jay ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mitundu yofananira, Steller wakuda wakuda buluu jay.
Pakadali pano, ma subspecies 4 a crested jay amafotokozedwa, amasiyanitsidwa, mwazinthu zina, ndi malo omwe amafalitsa:
- Cyanocitta cristata bromia - amakhala ku Newfoundland, Northern Canada, North Dakota, Missouri ndi Nebraska;
- Cyanocitta cristata cyanotephra - Wopezeka ku Nebraska, Kansas, Wyoming, Colorado, Oklahoma, ndi Texas;
- Cyanocitta cristata cristata - amakhala ku Kentucky, Virginia, Missouri, Tennessee, North Carolina, Florida, Illinois ndi Texas;
- Cyanocitta cristata semplei - amakhala mdera lakumpoto kwa Florida.
North American jay imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowuma, nthawi zambiri mosakanikirana (thundu ndi beech), koma nthawi zina, makamaka kumadzulo kwa nkhalangoyi, imakhala mumitengo yambiri kapena nkhalango zowuma za paini. Jay saopa anthu ndipo samazengereza kumanga zisa m'malo okhalamo, pomwe pali malo osungira nyama ndi madimba. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumpoto kwa malowa ndizazikulu kuposa abale awo "akumwera".
Zakudya zamtundu wa buluu
Khalidwe lodyedwa ndi jay wodalitsika limawonetsa kukonda kwake, kusaganiza bwino (kumachotsera chakudya ku mbalame zina) komanso kusanyansidwa (kumadya zovunda).
Zakudya za jay buluu zimakhala ndi mbewu zonse (mpaka 78%) ndi chakudya cha nyama (22%):
- zipatso ndi zipatso;
- mbewu ndi zipatso;
- mtedza wa beech;
- ziwala ndi mbozi;
- kafadala, akangaude ndi ziphuphu;
- anapiye ndi mazira a mbalame;
- mbewa, achule ndi abuluzi.
Ma Jays omwe amakhala kunyumba nthawi yachisanu amasunga chakudya mwa kukankhira acorns / nthangala pansi pa khungwa kapena masamba omwe agwa, komanso kuziyika pansi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Panthawi ina, mbalameyi imatha kubweretsa zipatso zisanu m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo zitatu zimasunga zokololazo, yachinayi m'kamwa mwake, ndi yachisanu mulomo wake. Nthawi yakugwa, jay imodzi yamtambo imakolola mpaka ma 3-5 zikwi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yokhwima imayamba akangofika kutentha m'nkhalango: kumpoto kwamtunduwu, nthawi zambiri ndi Meyi-Juni. Kum'mwera kwa mbalame, kuswana kumachitika kawiri pachaka. Munthawi imeneyi, ma jays aphokoso amakhazikika kuti asapatse nyamayo malo awo okhala. Chisa chimamangidwa ndi makolo onse awiri, ndikudula ndodo zomwe zimapita pachimango kuchokera kumitengo yomwe ikukula. Chisa nthawi zambiri chimakhala mu mphanda m'matanthwe ofananira ndi mitengo ya coniferous / yotsika pamtunda wa pafupifupi 3-10 m.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Mbalame ya Nightingale
- Mbalame ya Robin kapena phwiti
- Siskin (lat. Carduelis spinus)
- Mapeto (Fringílla coélebs)
Chojambulacho (mpaka 20 cm m'mimba mwake mpaka 10 cm kutalika) chimakhala chophatikizika ndi mizu ndi nthambi, zomwe ma jays amapeza pafupi, m'maenje komanso pafupi ndi mitengo. Mbalame nthawi zambiri zimamanga "simenti" zomangira ndi dothi kapena dongo, pansi pake ndi ndere, ubweya, udzu, masamba, mapepala ngakhale nsanza.
Asanamalize kumanga chisa chachikulu, ma jays ena angapo amamangidwa - iyi ndi gawo la mwambowu. China chofunikira pakukondana ndi wamkazi ndikudya kwake. Amakhala panthambi, kutsanzira mwana wankhuku wanjala, ndikulandila chakudya kuchokera kwa champhongo chowulukira komweko.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mkazi amatayira mazira 2 mpaka 7 (wachikasu wobiriwira kapena wabuluu wokhala ndi mawanga abulauni), amawasanganitsa masiku 16-18. Jay buluu amatha kuchoka pachisa mpaka kalekale ngati atapezeka ndi chilombo.
Ana obadwa kumene satha kuchita chilichonse ndipo ndi akhungu. Makolowo samangowadyetsa ndikuwasamalira, komanso amawotcha ndikuwayeretsa. Pa tsiku lachisanu, anapiye amatsegula maso awo, pa eyiti, nthenga yoyamba idutsa.
Mayi amathawa kukafunafuna chakudya ana akafika masiku 8-12... Tsiku limodzi kapena atatu asananyamuke palokha, anapiye amayenda kale munthambizo, koma osasiya chisa kupitirira mamita 4.5. Anawo amasiya chisa cha makolo masiku 17-21, osasunthika kopitilira mita 20. makolo mpaka nthawi yophukira, pomaliza ndikudula maubale am'banja nthawi yozizira.
Adani achilengedwe
Mbalame zazikulu ndi kadzidzi ndi adani achilengedwe a buluu jay.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Ma jays aku North America ndiopindulitsa pothetsa tizirombo ta m'nkhalango (May beetles, weevils ndi mbozi) ndikufalitsa mbewu / acorns. Koma zovulaza za mbalamezi ndizochuluka - chaka chilichonse zimawononga zisa za mbalame zazing'ono, kutola mazira awo ndikupha anapiye.
Bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red Book limatchula buluu wotchedwa "mtundu wosavomerezeka kwambiri", popeza pakadali pano suli pachiwopsezo.
