Phwiti kapena phwando ndi mbalame yaing'ono ya m'banja la Mukholovy. M'zaka za m'ma 20 zapitazo, oimira zinyama izi anali otchuka kwambiri ku Europe. Mbalame zinalandira kuzindikira koteroko chifukwa cha kuyimba kwawo.
Kufotokozera za phwiti
M'masiku akale, osunga miyambo amakhulupirira kuti mbalame yamphongo yomwe imakhala pafupi ndi nyumbayo imabweretsa chisangalalo. Amakhulupirira kuti amateteza nyumba ku moto, mphezi ndi mavuto ena. Kuwononga zisa za phwiti, ngati kuli kotheka, kumalangidwa molingana ndi kukhwimitsa lamulo.
Nthawi zambiri, mbalamezi zimakumana ndi anthu akumidzi ndi okumba, kwinaku akukumba nthaka. Mbalame, mopanda mantha ndi gulu la anthu, modekha anadikirira kuti dziko lapansi likumbidwe. Munthu akapatukira pambali, phwibwi linali lofulumira kukadya nyongolotsi zatsopano ndi mphutsi.
Maonekedwe
Phwiti ndi mbalame yaying'ono yolembera, yomwe idasankhidwa kale ndi ma thrushes... Pakadali pano, phwiti ndi wa banja losaka ntchentche. Amuna ndi akazi a mitunduyo ndi ofanana ndi mtundu. Ali ndi bere lalanje lokhala ndi nthenga zotuwa m'mbali mwa chifuwa ndi pakamwa. Pamimba, nthenga zimakhala zoyera ndi zigamba zofiirira. Mbali yaikulu yakumbuyo ili ndi nthenga zofiirira.
Kukula kwa mbalame kumakhala pakati pa 12.5 mpaka 14.0 cm kutalika. Miyendo ndi mapazi ndi zofiirira. Mlomo ndi maso a phwiti ndi akuda. Maso ake ndi aakulu kwambiri, omwe amalola mbalameyo kuyenda molondola m'nkhalango zowirira. Nthenga za anthu osakhwima zimakutidwa ndi mawanga abulauni ndi oyera. Pakapita nthawi, mithunzi ya lalanje ndi yofiira imawonekera pamatupi awo.
Ma Robins amapezeka ku Europe konse, kuchokera Kummawa mpaka Western Siberia komanso kumwera mpaka kumpoto kwa Africa. Oimira madera amenewa amadziwika kuti amangokhala, mosiyana ndi okhala ku Far North, omwe amasamukira chaka chilichonse kufunafuna nyengo yotentha.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Monga lamulo, mbalamezi zimayimba nthawi yachilimwe, nthawi yoswana, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa ndi ma nightingales. Koma, pakati paziwombankhanga, amuna okha ndi omwe amayimba, ali m'makonsati a robin, amuna ndi akazi onse amatenga nawo mbali. Kuimba usiku kwa zikopa zam'mizinda kumachitika m'malo omwe mumadzaza phokoso masana. Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti usiku amayimba kwambiri. Izi zimapangidwa ndi bata la chilengedwe chakugona usiku, chifukwa chake mauthenga awo amatha kufalikira kudzera m'chilengedwe momveka bwino.
Inde, awa ndi mauthenga. Poyimba m'makiyi osiyanasiyana, akazi amawadziwitsa amuna za kukonzeka kwawo kuswana, ndipo amuna amalengeza malire amadera awo. M'nyengo yozizira, mosiyana ndi chilimwe, nyimbo zimakhala ndi zolemba zomveka bwino. Zazikazi zimayenda pang'ono kuchokera kumalo awo otentha kupita kumalo oyandikana nawo omwe ndi oyenera kudyetsa nthawi yozizira. Amuna samachoka m'derali.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mwachilengedwe, pali amuna ambiri kuposa akazi. Chifukwa chake, amuna ambiri amasiyidwa opanda awiriawiri. Mbalame zosakwatira sizichita khama kwambiri, mosiyana ndi abale awo okwatirana, kuteteza malowo. Ena, popeza alibe nyumba yawoyawo, amasonkhana m'magulu usiku kapena kugona ndi amuna ena osakwatira omwe amalandira alendo.
Amagwira ntchito usiku nthawi yosaka tizilombo, chifukwa cha kuwala kwa mwezi kapena kuwala kwachinyengo. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti maloboti aku Britain komanso aku Ireland sawopa anthu ndipo amakonda kuyandikira, makamaka akamakumba. M'mayiko amenewa, mbalame sizimakhudzidwa.
M'mayiko a Continental Europe, m'malo mwake, iwo, monga mbalame zazing'ono zambiri, ankasakidwa. Maganizo kwa iwo anali osadalirika.
Amuna a Robin amawoneka mwamakhalidwe oyipa. Makamaka oimira mabanja. Amenyana ndi amuna ena, kuteteza malire a madera awo. Pakhala pali ziwopsezo zina za mbalame zina zazing'ono popanda kuwonetsa kukwiya. Imfa chifukwa cha mkangano wamkati imakhala pafupifupi 10% yamilandu mwa mbalamezi.
Phwiti amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Chifukwa chakufa kwakukulu mchaka choyamba atabadwa, phwiti amakhala ndi zaka 1.1. Komabe, anthu omwe adutsa nthawi imeneyi amatha kudalira moyo wautali. Chiwindi chazitali cha phwiti kuthengo chidalembedwa ali ndi zaka 12.
Ndizosangalatsa!Ma Robins okhala m'malo opangira kapena kunyumba atha kukhala motalikirapo. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi chisamaliro choyenera.
Nyengo zosayenera zimayambitsanso kufa. Mwachidule, mbalame zina zimafa, zimalephera kupirira nyengo yozizira komanso kusowa kwa chakudya, chifukwa cha kutentha pang'ono.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Robin imapezeka ku Eurasia kum'mawa mpaka Western Siberia, kumwera mpaka Algeria. Amathanso kupezeka pazilumba za Atlantic Ocean, ngakhale kumadzulo kwa Azores ndi Madeira. Sitinakumane nawo kupatula ku Iceland. Kum'mwera chakum'mawa, kufalitsa kwawo kumafika paphiri la Caucasus. Phwiti waku Britain, kwa anthu ambiri, amakhalabe m'nyengo yozizira m'malo awo.
Koma ochepa, makamaka azimayi, amasamukira kumwera kwa Europe ndi Spain nthawi yachisanu. Ma robins aku Scandinavia ndi Russia amasamukira ku UK ndi Western Europe, kuthawa nyengo yozizira yamadera awo. Robin amakonda nkhalango za spruce m'malo obisalira kumpoto kwa Europe, mosiyana ndi mapaki ndi minda ku British Isles.
Kuyesera kuyambitsa mbalamezi ku Australia ndi New Zealand kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 kudalephera. Anamasulidwa ku Melbourne, Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington, Dunedin. Tsoka ilo, mitunduyo sinazike mizu m'mayikowa. Panali kutuluka kofananako ku North America, pamene mbalame zinaimitsidwa atamasulidwa ku Long Island, New York mu 1852, Oregon mu 1889-92, ndi Saanich Peninsula ku British Columbia mu 1908-10.
Zakudya za Robin
Chakudyacho chimachokera ku tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, tizilombo... Amakonda kudya marenso ndi mavuvi ndi zipatso ndi zipatso.
Ngakhale izi zili pazosankha m'nyengo yachilimwe-nthawi yophukira. Nyama zopanda mafupa nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa ndi mbalame pansi. Amatha kudya nkhono ngakhale atakhala ochepa. Ma Robins amangowoneka ngati mbalame zokhotakhota. M'malo mwake, nthenga yawo siyokwanira mokwanira thupi, ndikupanga mtundu wa fluffiness ndi kuchuluka kwa chivundikirocho.
Ndizosangalatsa!M'nyengo yophukira-yozizira, ndikubwera nyengo yozizira, ziphuphu zimapita kukafunafuna chakudya cha masamba. Amadyetsa mbewu zamtundu uliwonse, zimawulukira kwa odyetsa mbalame kuti adye mbewu ndi zinyenyeswazi za mkate. Mutha kuwapeza pafupi ndi matupi amadzi osazizira.
M'madzi osaya, mbalame zimatha kudya nyama, motero zimayenda pamadzi mopanda mantha. Kuopa kwa robini kumamuchititsa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zake nthawi iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri monga okumba, mbalameyi imatsagana ndi zimbalangondo komanso nkhumba zamtchire m'nkhalango, zomwe zimakonda kukumba pansi. Nthawi zambiri maulendo oterewa amapangidwa limodzi ndi anapiye kuti awawonetse okha momwe angapezere chakudya.
Kubereka ndi ana
Mbalame za Robin zimabereka ana kawiri pachaka. Izi zimachitika mchaka ndi chilimwe, nthawi yoyamba - kumapeto kwa Meyi, wachiwiri - mu Julayi. Iwo ali ndi chibadwa chabwino cha kulera. Ndipo ngati m'modzi mwa anawo atayika pazifukwa zina, atha kuberekanso mu Ogasiti.
Kudziwa makolo amtsogolo ndikosangalatsa kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yambiri yazinyama, mu maloboti mkazi amatsogolera.... Amathamangira kudera lamamuna ndikuyamba kumuimbira, ndikutambasula mapiko ake. Amuna amachita mwamakani, amateteza malire amderali. Amayamba kutulutsa mawonekedwe, owopsa, akugwedezeka mwamantha, kenako wamkazi, ngati kuti akuchita mantha komanso akugwira ntchito, akugwedeza mchira wake kubwerera kumtengo kapena tchire loyandikana nalo. Chibwenzi chotere chimatha masiku 3-4.
Tsiku lililonse, mkwatibwi wochenjera amayesetsa kuwonetsa kusowa chochita mwa kuweramitsa mutu wake pamaso pa wosankhidwa. Pambuyo pake, kupempha komanso kukhazikika nthawi zambiri kumabala zipatso.
Kuikira mazira, yaikazi imayamba kumanga chisa. Amapangidwa ndi nthambi, mizu, udzu ndi mapepala, pomwe pansi pake pamakhala zolimba ndi matope. Ndipo imayikidwa m'malo otsika a mitengo, tchire, nthaka kapena zomangira, m'malo otetezedwa bwino. Mazira anayi mpaka asanu ndi limodzi obiriwira abuluu amasungidwa ndi akazi masiku 12-14. Wamphongo panthawiyi amapeza chakudya cha ana, omwe ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi (16) ali ndi zaka zokwanira kale kuwuluka.
Adani achilengedwe
Ma Robins amasakidwa ndi akadzidzi ndi mphamba zazing'ono. Ma Ermines, weasels, martens, ngakhale ferrets nthawi zambiri amawononga zisa zawo zomwe zili pansi kuti akadyetse anapiye kapena mazira. Ngakhale ali omenyera ufulu wawo, amawachedwa msanga anthu. Pakatha milungu ingapo yolumikizana molimbikitsidwa, mothandizidwa ndi kudyetsa, mbalameyo imatha kukhala paphewa kapena padzanja la mnzake wowongoka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chiwerengero cha maloboti kuyambira 137 mpaka 333 miliyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, oposa 80% amakhala m'maiko aku Europe.
