Nyama yokongola iyi ndi ya banja la agologolo, dongosolo la makoswe. Nyama yam'mimba ndi m'bale wake wa gologoloyo, koma mosiyana ndi iyo, imakhala pansi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena m'magulu angapo.
Kufotokozera kwa nyamalikiti
Gawo lalikulu la nyamazi ndi banja... Banja lililonse lili ndi gawo lake lokhala ndi anthu ogwirizana. Mabanja ndi gawo limodzi. Kukula kwa "malo" amtundu umodzi kumatha kufikira kukula kwakukulu - maekala 4.5-5. Ku USA, adapatsidwa mayina ambiri, mwachitsanzo - nkhumba yadothi, mluzu, mantha amitengo ngakhale wamonke wofiira.
Ndizosangalatsa!Pali chikhulupiliro chakuti ngati pa Groundhog Day (February 2) nkhumba zokwawa zimatuluka mu dzenje lake tsiku lamvula, masika adzakhala oyambirira.
Ngati, tsiku lotentha, nyamayo ikukwawa ndikuopa mthunzi wake, dikirani masika osachepera milungu 6 ina. Punxsuton Phil ndiye nyamakazi yotchuka kwambiri. Malinga ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikitsidwa, anthu ena onyamula zinyalalawa amaneneratu za kubwera kwa kasupe mtawuni yaying'ono ya Punxsutawney.
Maonekedwe
Nyama yam'mimba ndi nyama yolimba komanso yolemera makilogalamu 5-6. Munthu wamkulu amakhala pafupifupi 70 cm. Mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri imakula mpaka masentimita 50, ndipo yayitali kwambiri ndi nyamayi, imakula mpaka masentimita 75. Ndi mbewa yokhotakhota yokhala ndi miyendo yamphamvu, zikhadabo zazitali ndi mphuno yayifupi, yayifupi. Ngakhale nyamazi zimakhala zobiriwira, zimatha kuyenda mwachangu, kusambira komanso kukwera mitengo. Mutu wa nkhumbayo ndi wokulirapo komanso wozungulira, ndipo mawonekedwe amaso amalola kuti igwire gawo lalikulu.
Makutu ake ndi ang'onoang'ono komanso ozungulira, pafupifupi obisika kwathunthu muubweya. Ma vibrissa ambiri amafunikira kuti ma marmot azikhala mobisa. Ali ndi incisors opangidwa bwino kwambiri, mano olimba komanso ataliatali. Mchira ndi wautali, wamdima, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi, wakuda kunsonga kwake. Ubweya wake ndi wandiweyani komanso wamtundu wofiirira kumbuyo, gawo lakumunsi kwa peritoneum ndi lofiira. Kutalika kwa kusindikiza kwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa mapazi ake ndi 6 cm.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Izi ndi nyama zomwe zimakonda kutentha dzuwa mu timagulu tating'ono. Masiku onse anyani amadutsa posaka chakudya, dzuwa ndi masewera ndi anthu ena. Nthawi yomweyo, amakhala pafupi ndi khonde, momwe amayenera kubwerera madzulo. Ngakhale kulemera kwakeko kwa mbewa iyi, imatha kuthamanga, kulumpha ndikusuntha miyala mwachangu komanso mwachangu kwambiri. Ikachita mantha, nyamayi imalira ndi mluzu.... Pogwiritsa ntchito zikhasu ndi zikhadabo zazitali, imakumba maenje aatali ausinkhu wosiyanasiyana, yolumikiza ndi ngalande zapansi panthaka.
Zosankha pamtambo wachilimwe ndizosaya kwambiri ndipo zimatulukapo ambiri. Zima dzinja, komano, zimamangidwa mosamala kwambiri: zikuyimira zojambulajambula, kufikira kwake kumatha kutalika kwa mita zingapo ndikulowera kuchipinda chachikulu chodzaza ndi udzu. M'misasa yotere, anyani amatha nyengo yozizira kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Nyama izi zimatha kukhala ndi moyo komanso kuberekana m'malo ovuta kwambiri, momwe zimakhalira kumtunda. Kumapeto kwa Seputembala, amabwerera kumayenje awo ndikukonzekera nyengo yayitali yozizira.
Bowo lirilonse limatha kukhala pakati pa 3 mpaka 15 nyani. Nthawi ya hibernation imadalira kukula kwa nyengo, monga gawo, gawo ili limakhala kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Kugona kwa makoswe kumawonjezera mwayi wake wopulumuka kuzizira, njala, chisanu. Nthawi yozizira, nyamayi imachita zozizwitsa. Kutentha kwa thupi lake kumatsika kuchokera ku 35 mpaka 5 ndi kutsika madigiri Celsius, ndipo mtima wake umachepetsa kuchokera kumamenya 130 mpaka 15 pamphindi. Nthawi yotereyi "kupuma" kwa mbalame ija kumayamba kuoneka pang'ono.
Ndizosangalatsa!Munthawi imeneyi, amagwiritsira ntchito mafuta osungidwa pang'onopang'ono nyengo yabwino, yomwe imamupatsa mwayi wogona tulo miyezi 6 pafupi ndi banja lake lonse. Mbalamezi zimadzuka mwa apo ndi apo. Monga lamulo, izi zimangochitika pokhapokha kutentha mkati mwa dzenje kumatsikira pansi pamadigiri asanu.
Ndizovuta kwambiri kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira mulimonse. Pankhaniyi, kuyanjana ndi nkhumba zapamtunda ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo. Umboni wina ukusonyeza kuti ana amatha kupulumuka akamabisala mumtsinje womwewo ndi makolo awo komanso abale awo achikulire.
Ngati m'modzi mwa makolo kapena onse atamwalira kapena kulibe pazifukwa zina, mu 70% ya milandu ana sangalekerere nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti kukula kwa makanda sikuwalola kuti azipeza mafuta okwanira kuti akhale ndi moyo. Amakhala ofunda mwa kukanikiza matupi awo motsutsana ndi thupi la akuluakulu. Ndipo achikulire, nawonso, amachepetsa thupi kwambiri pamene ana obadwa kumene ayamba kubowola.
Kodi mbalame yamphongo imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa nyama ndi zaka 15-18. M'mikhalidwe yabwino m'chipululu, pakhala nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi anyani omwe akhala zaka 20. M'nyumba, moyo wawo umachepa kwambiri. Mfundo ndiyofunika kuti tidziwitse mbewa mu hibernation. Mukapanda kuchita izi, nyamayi sikhala ndi moyo ngakhale zaka zisanu.
Mitundu ya mbulu
Pali mitundu yoposa khumi ndi isanu ya mbalame zamatsenga, izi ndi izi:
- bobak ndi nyamakazi wamba yomwe imakhala m'mapiri a kontinenti ya Eurasia;
- kashchenko - nyani wam'mapiri amakhala m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Ob;
- kumapiri a kumpoto kwa America, nyamayi imvi imakhalanso ndi moyo;
- komanso Jeffi - nyongolotsi yofiira yayitali;
- chikasu-mbalame zotchedwa marmot - wokhala ku Canada;
- Chibwibwi chaku Tibet;
- Phiri la Asia, Altai, lotchedwanso imvi, limakhala m'mapiri a Sayan ndi Tien Shan;
- mbalame zam'mapiri;
- red-red, nawonso, imagawidwa m'magulu ena ang'onoang'ono - Lena-Kolyma, Kamchatka kapena Severobaikalsky;
- nkhuni pakati ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa United States;
- Mbalame ya Menzbir - ndi Talas m'mapiri a Tien Shan;
- Mongolian Tarbagan, yomwe sikukhala ku Mongolia kokha, komanso kumpoto kwa China ndi Tuva;
- Vancouver Marmot waku Vancouver Island.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
North America imawerengedwa kuti ndi kumene mbalame zimabadwira.... Pakadali pano, afalikira ku Europe ndi Asia. Mbalameyi imakhala pamalo okwera kwambiri. Maenje ake amakhala pamtunda wa mita 1500 (nthawi zambiri pakati pa 1900 ndi 2600 mita), mdera lamatanthwe mpaka kumalire akutali a nkhalango, komwe mitengo sicheperako.
Amapezeka m'mapiri a Alps, ku Carpathians. Kuyambira 1948, zakhala zikupezeka ngakhale ku Pyrenees. Mbalameyi imasankha malo okhala malinga ndi mitundu yake. Mbalame zotchedwa mararmot zimapezekanso m'mapiri ndi m'zigwa. Chifukwa chake, malo awo amakhala oyenera.
Zakudya za maarmot
Mbalameyi imakonda kudya nyama zokha. Amadyetsa udzu, mphukira ndi mizu yaying'ono, maluwa, zipatso, ndi mababu. Mwachidule, chakudya chomera chilichonse chomwe chingapezeke padziko lapansi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi zitsamba, koma nthawi zambiri nyamayi imadyanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Mwachitsanzo, nyamayi yofiira siidana ndi kudya dzombe, mbozi ngakhalenso mazira a mbalame. Amafunikira chakudya chambiri, chifukwa kuti apulumuke nthawi yozizira, amafunika kunenepa theka la thupi lake.
Nyama imapeza madzi mwa kudya zomera. Pafupi ndi khomo lalikuru la "nyumba" ya nyamalikiti pali "munda" wawo. Izi, monga lamulo, nkhalango za cruciferous, chowawa ndi chimanga. Zodabwitsazi zimachitika chifukwa cha nthaka, yolimbikitsidwa ndi nayitrogeni ndi mchere.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yoswana imatenga kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni. Mayi wamkazi amakhala ndi pakati pamwezi wopitilira mwezi umodzi, pambuyo pake amabereka timbalame tating'onoting'ono tambirimbiri, tamaliseche komanso akhungu. Amatsegula maso awo pakangotha masabata 4 ali ndi moyo.
Pa thupi la mkazi pali ma peyala asanu a mawere omwe amamwetsa nawo ana mpaka mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Amakhala odziyimira pawokha pakatha miyezi iwiri azaka. Nyama zotchedwa mararmot zimakhwima pofika zaka zitatu. Pambuyo pake, amayamba banja lawo, nthawi zambiri amakhala mdera limodzi.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani ake owopsa ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide ndi nkhandwe.... Ma marmot ndi nyama zakutchire. Chifukwa cha tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timatumba tawo takutsogolo, pamphuno ndi pakhosi, fungo lonunkhira limatha kutulutsa fungo lapadera lomwe limalemba madera awo.
Amasunga madera awo kuti atetezedwe ku ziwombankhanga zina. Kulimbana ndi kuthamangitsidwa ndi njira zotsimikizika kwambiri zofotokozera omwe akuukira kuti siolandiridwa pano. Nyama ikayandikira, mbalame yamtunduwu imathawa. Ndipo kuti izi zitheke mwachangu, ma marmot apanga njira yothandiza: woyamba amene amva zoopsa, amapereka chizindikiritso, ndipo mkati mwa masekondi ochepa gulu lonse limabisala mdzenje.
Njira yosindikizira ndiyosavuta. "Guardian" akuyimirira. Imayima pamapazi ake akumbuyo, pamalo oyikapo kandulo, imatsegula pakamwa pake ndikufuula, mofanana ndi likhweru, chifukwa chotulutsa mpweya kudzera zingwe zamawu, zomwe, malinga ndi asayansi, chilankhulo cha nyama. Ma marmot amasakidwa ndi mimbulu, nkhumba, mphalapala, zimbalangondo, ziwombankhanga ndi agalu. Mwamwayi, amapulumutsidwa ndi kuthekera kwakubala kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Zosiyanasiyana - Woodchuck, amatetezedwa. Mu Red Book of Endangered Species, idapatsidwa kale mtundu wa mitundu yocheperako... Pakadali pano, ziweto zitha kuchuluka. Amapindula ndi chitukuko chamtchire. Kulima, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kumalola kuti pakhale maenje owonjezera, ndikubzala mbewu kumathandizira kuti pasadetsedwe.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nyama zotchedwa mararmo zimathandiza kwambiri potengera momwe dothi limakhalira. Kupunduka kumathandiza kuti kuziziritsa mpweya, ndipo ndowe ndi feteleza wabwino kwambiri. Koma, mwatsoka, nyamazi zimatha kuwononga nthaka yaulimi mwa kudya mbewu, makamaka ndi gulu lalikulu.
Komanso nyamazi zimakhala zosaka. Ubweya wawo umagwiritsidwa ntchito posoka ubweya. Komanso, ntchitoyi imawerengedwa kuti ndi yosangalatsa, chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa nyama ndikutha kubisala msanga. Komanso, kugwidwa kwawo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa njira za kunenepa kwambiri, kupanga zotupa zoyipa, komanso matenda amisempha ndi matenda ena.
