Ferret ndi nthumwi yotchuka ya nyama zodya nyama za m'banja la Cunya. Cholengedwa chodabwitsachi komanso champhamvu kwambiri chokhala ndi malingaliro odabwitsa chapambana mafani ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ma Ferrets akhala akuweta kwanthawi yayitali, amakhala limodzi ndi anthu kwazaka zambiri ndikuwapindulitsa. Chosangalatsanso ndichakuti anthu akuthengo a banja lino omwe amakhala m'makontinenti angapo apadziko lapansi.
Kufotokozera kwa Ferret
Ngakhale pali mitundu ingapo ya ma ferrets, amayandikana kwambiri. Komabe, mtundu uliwonse uli ndi kuchuluka kwawo pamikhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe.
Maonekedwe
Ferret ndi nyama yaying'ono, yokoma komanso yosinthasintha... Miyendo ya nyamayo ndi yochepa kwambiri, koma yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu chifukwa chakuyenda modabwitsa. Nyamazi zimaonedwa ngati zosambira zabwino, ndipo zikhadabo zazitali zimawathandiza kukwera mitengo ndikukumba maenje.
Ma Ferrets amatha kukhala amtundu wautoto mpaka wakuda, ndimiyendo ndi mchira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda kuposa thupi lonse. Mawanga pankhope amapanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chigoba. Ubweya wa nyama ndiwofewa komanso wautali; m'munsi, tsitsi limapepuka kuposa kumapeto.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'dzinja, kumapeto kwa nyengo yosungunuka, ubweya wa nyama umanyezimira ndikukhala wokongola kwambiri.
Amuna ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa akazi ndipo amafika masentimita 50-60 m'litali. Mbali yapadera ya ferrets ndi mchira wautali wonyezimira.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Popeza ma ferrets ndi odyera usiku, amakhala mwamphamvu mumdima. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito mofananira ndi zakutchire ndi zoweta. Izi ndi nyama zongokhala, zomangiriridwa kumalo awo, zimangosiya nyumba zawo mokakamizidwa.
Nyamazi zimakhala m'mabowo omwe adakumba okha, omwe amawakonzera masamba ndi magulu audzu. Ngati, pazifukwa zina, ma buluu sangathe kudzipezera pogona, amakhala pamtanda wopanda kanthu, mwachitsanzo nkhandwe. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, amatha kuyenda pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu ndikukhala m'nkhokwe kapena zipinda zapansi.
Zimachitika kuti ma ferrets amawonekera m'midzi ndi m'matawuni kufunafuna chakudya. Maulendo oterewa amavulaza kwambiri anthu am'deralo - zolusa zimapha nkhuku chifukwa chofuna kudzidyetsa kapena kungosangalala. Ferrets ndi okangalika. Zimayenda mwachilengedwe, nthawi yakudzuka, sizikhala chete kwa mphindi. Komabe, machitidwe awo amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera jenda. Amuna amakonda kusewera komanso kuphunzitsidwa, nzeru zawo ndizapamwamba. Amuna amakhala okomoka komanso okonda anthu.
Kodi ma ferrets amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Kutalika kwa moyo wa nyama kumasiyanasiyana kutengera momwe zachilengedwe zilili. Kumtchire, ma ferrets amakhala zaka 2-3 zokha chifukwa cha zoopsa zambiri zomwe zimawadikirira kulikonse.
Zofunika! Kutalika kwanthawi yayitali kumatheka pokhapokha ndi chakudya choyenera komanso chisamaliro cha nyama.
Kunyumba, mosamala, nyama imatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali - zaka 5-8. Pali nthawi zina pamene anthu ena afika zaka khumi kapena kupitilira apo, koma izi, kawirikawiri, ndizosowa.
Mitundu ya Ferret
Kumtchire, pali mitundu itatu yokha ya ma ferrets - wakuda, steppe ndi wamiyendo yakuda. Mtundu wachinayi, ferret, umakhala woweta ndipo umapezeka kulikonse.
- Steppe, kapena yoyera... Ferret amadziwika kuti ndi membala wamkulu m'banja lawo. Kutalika kwazitali kwambiri amuna kumatha kufikira makilogalamu awiri; ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti zazikazi sizikhala zochepa kwa iwo kukula, koma zimalemera theka. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 50-60. Chinyama chimakhala ndi chovala chotalika, koma osati chonenepa kwambiri, nchifukwa chake chakuda chakumaso chikuwonekera bwino pakati pake. Ma ferrets oyera amakhala owala kwambiri; utoto ndi nsonga za mchira zokha ndi zomwe zimatha kukhala zakuda.
- Phazi lakuda... Mwanjira ina, yotchedwa American, ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa mnzake woyera ndipo imalemera pang'ono kuposa kilogalamu. Ili ndi utoto wachikasu, kumbuyo, miyendo ndi gawo la mchira ndi wakuda kwambiri poyerekeza ndi thupi lonse. Makutu ndi akulu, ozunguliridwa, miyendo ndi yayifupi kwambiri komanso yolimba.
- Wakuda, kapena nkhalango... Ferret ndi wa sing'anga - kulemera kwake kwa amuna ndi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka. Monga mamembala ena a banja la weasel, ili ndi thupi lowonda komanso zolumikizana zazing'ono. Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi wakuda-bulauni, koma pali ofiira komanso ngakhale azungu. Kumbuyo kwa nyama kumakhala kopepuka, miyendo ndi mchira wake ndi wakuda.
- Ferret Amawonedwa ngati chodzikongoletsera chomwe chimapangidwa ndi anthu. Ndi yaying'ono pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mnzake, ndipo anthu ena amapitilira kukula kwake. Mthunzi wa malaya umatha kusiyanasiyana ndipo umakhala pafupifupi chilichonse. Ubweya wa nyama womwewo ndi wandiweyani komanso wosalala.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mitundu itatu yonse yamtchire imapezeka ku Eurasia, North America ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa. The steppe ferret yatenga malo osakondera ndipo imapewa mapiri, nkhalango, komanso malo okhala anthu ambiri. Amapezeka m'mapiri a steppe kapena semi-chipululu a Mongolia, Kazakhstan, China, madera ena a ku Europe ndi Asia.
Zofunika! Ferret sapezeka kuthengo. Chikhalidwe chofatsa cha chinyama ndi kusowa kwa luso losaka sizingalole kuti zizikhala motere.
Black ferret, kumbali inayo, imakonda nkhalango, zigwa ndi magombe amadzi, nthawi zina kumakhala. Sapita patali kwambiri m'nkhalango, mumakhala nkhalango ndi madera okhala ndi masamba ochepa. Malo ake ndi Europe komanso gawo lina la Africa. Msuweni wawo wamiyendo yakuda amakhala nkhalango ndi madera akum'mwera kwa North America. Imapezekanso m'mapiri, pomwe imakwera mita masauzande angapo kupitirira nyanja.
Zakudya za Ferret
Ferret ndi nyama yodya nyama, gawo lalikulu la zakudya zake ndi nyama. Pazachilengedwe, amatha kudya:
- Tizilombo... Nthawi zina, chinyama sichimakana mavuvu ndi zina zopanda mafupa.
- Zokwawa... Kusaka abuluzi kapena njoka, kuphatikiza zoyipa, sizimabweretsa vuto lililonse kwa ferret.
- Makoswe... Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa nyama yolanda kumatha kukhala kosiyana kwambiri, kuyambira mbewa zakutchire mpaka akalulu ndi hares.
- Mbalame... Ferret amadya mbalame zazikulu ndi anapiye ndi mazira. Sadzadutsa pafupi ndi chisa kapena zomangamanga.
Gawo la nsomba ndi zipatso mu chakudya cha nyama ndi pafupifupi zero. Dongosolo la kugaya nyama silimasinthidwa kukhala ulusi, ndipo limatha kupeza zinthu zonse zofunikira pakudya m'mimba mwa nyama zazing'ono.
Ndizosangalatsa! Monga nyama zina, ferret imasunga chakudya nthawi yozizira. Chakudyacho chimasungidwa m'malo obisika mpaka nthawi zoyipa kwambiri.
Ferret imasaka usiku wokha, koma njala yayikulu imatha kukakamiza kuti ichoke pamphako masana. Zikakhala kuti sizingatheke kugwira nyama, nyamayo imatha kudya nyama yakufa.
Adani achilengedwe
Pali adani ambiri akukhala ndi ferret m'dera lomwelo. Ena mwa iwo amatha kuvulaza kwambiri, ena mpaka kudya.
- Nyama zazikulu monga nkhandwe ndi mimbulu. M'nyengo yotentha, samakonda kusankha ferret ngati wovulalayo, koma pakayamba nyengo yozizira samangokhalira kudya.
- Mbalame zodya nyama monga akadzidzi a usiku kapena ziwombankhanga zagolide. Kanyama kakang'ono ndi nyama yayikulu kwa iwo.
- Amphaka amtchire nawonso samadutsa ma ferrets.
- Njoka zazikulu. Amatha kuukira, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina samatha kuthana ndi nyama yopepuka.
Mdani wina wowopsa wa ferret ndi anthu. Zimayambitsa zovulaza mwachindunji kapena m'njira zina - powononga, kumanga misewu, kukhazikitsa madera omwe sanakhudzidwepo kale.
Ndizosangalatsa! Podzitchinjiriza kwa adani, ferret imatulutsa kafungo kabwino, katulutsira tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono pafupi ndi pansi pa mchira.
Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti chinyama chikufa kapena kusiya malo ake kuti chikapeze zina zatsopano. Kuwonongedwa kwa nyama zomwe zimapanga chakudya cha ferret kumawopseza kukhalapo kwake.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ma Ferrets amafika pakukula msinkhu ali ndi miyezi 9-12, nthawi zina ngakhale kale. Nthawi yoswana imatha pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chiyambi chake chimadalira malo okhala nyama. Mu steppe ferrets, rutting imayamba mu Marichi, m'nkhalango ferrets - mkatikati mwa masika kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe.
Nyamazi zilibe miyambo iliyonse yoswana. Kukhwimitsa kumachitika mwamphamvu ndipo kuchokera kumbali kumafanana ndi ndewu: champhongo chimagwira chachikazi ndi chingwe cha khosi pomwe chimatuluka ndikulira. Pamapeto pa ndondomekoyi, tsitsi lomwe lafota la mkazi limatha kumenyedwa, ndipo mabala omwe atsala ndi mano amadziwika. Udindo wamwamuna umathera ndi umuna, satenga nawo gawo polera ana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ferrets ali ndi pakati pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndi theka. Pali ana agalu ambiri pamatayala, kuyambira 4 mpaka 20, makamaka ngati aka sikabadwa koyamba kwa mkazi. Amabadwa opanda thandizo komanso akhungu, ndipo kulemera kwawo sikupitilira magalamu 10.
Mayi amadyetsa anawo mkaka kwa miyezi 2-3, ndipo ana amwezi amayamba kudyetsa ndi nyama... Pa msinkhu womwewo, maso awo amayamba kutsegula. Kuyamwitsa kutasiya, yaikazi imayamba kuchoka mumtsinje pamodzi ndi ana agalu ndikuwaphunzitsa kusaka. Mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ana amakhala naye, kenako ndikupita ku moyo wodziyimira pawokha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
- Phazi lakuda. Tsopano mtundu uwu umawonedwa kuti uli pangozi. M'zaka zapitazi, anthu okhala ndi miyendo yakuda adavutika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa agalu, omwe adaphedwa mwamphamvu kuti asunge msipu. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa zamoyo pofika 1987 kunali anthu 18 okha. Adaganiza zoyika nyama zomwe zidatsalapo kumalo osungira nyama ndikuyesera kuweta mwa kutulutsa ubwamuna.
Pofika chaka cha 2013, panali 1,200 ferrets kuthengo, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikukula. Komabe, zamoyozi zikuwopsezabe komanso kutetezedwa ndi akuluakulu. - Steppe ferret. Chiwerengero cha steppe ferret chimawerengedwa kuti chofala pamitundu yonse ndikusintha kutengera zinthu - masoka achilengedwe, matenda, chakudya chochuluka. Koma, ngakhale kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu, ma subspecies ake ena adalembedwa mu Red Book ngati ali pachiwopsezo. Mwachitsanzo, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, Amur ferret anali atatsala pang'ono kutha, ndipo tsopano asayansi akuchita nawo kuswana m'malo opangira zinthu.
- Ferret wakuda. Kukula kwa chiweto cha nyama iyi kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale kuti imatha kupezeka kulikonse m'chigawo cha chilombochi. Ferret wakuda amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yofunika kwambiri yobala ubweya, ndipo kuwonongeka kwake kamodzi kwayika kuti mitunduyo ikhale pachiwopsezo. Tsopano nyama ili m'Buku Lofiira, kuyisaka ndikoletsedwa.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Martens
- American marten
- Weasel
Ferret ikhoza kutchedwa chimodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa komanso zokongola kwambiri. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi zokongoletsa nyama zathu, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwasamalira: tsiku lina, kudzera mwa kulakwitsa kwaumunthu, zolusa zodabwitsazi zitha kutha pankhope ya Dziko Lapansi.
