Dziko lathu lapansi ndi lodabwitsa komanso lolemera m'njira zingapo zozizwitsa za amoyo! Zowononga, zovulaza, zowopsa ndi zopanda vuto - ndi abale athu. Ntchito ya munthu ndikusamalira zinyama mosamala, kudziwa ndi kulemekeza malamulo ake. Kupatula apo, mitundu ina ndiyapadera kwambiri kotero kuti yakhalapo Padziko Lapansi kuyambira kale! Lero tikambirana za kanyama kameneka. Dzina lake ndi jerboa. Zakhala zikudziwika kuyambira nthawi ya Oligocene (zaka 33.9 - 23.03 miliyoni zapitazo). Asayansi akuti makolo amakono a ma jerboas amakono adatulukira ku Asia pafupifupi zaka eyiti miliyoni zapitazo. Kuchokera kumeneko anafalikira ku North Africa ndi Europe. Koma ku Europe, jerboa yatha.
Kufotokozera kwa jerboa
Nyama zazing'ono, ngati mbewa. Ndi oimira gulu la mbewa... Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu pafupifupi 50. Odziwika kwambiri ndi awa: African, zala zisanu, jerboa yayikulu, marsupial, eared, miyendo yaubweya, mchira wamafuta, ndi jumper jerboa.
Maonekedwe
Kunja, ma jerboas amafanana ndi kangaroo kapena mbewa. Mutuwo ndi waukulu pokhudzana ndi thupi, wokhala ndi khosi lomwe silingadziwike. Chosanjikizika, chopindika pang'ono pakamwa ndi maso akulu akuda. Maso akulu amakulolani kuti mumvetse zambiri za kuwala. Ma vibrissae akulu amakonzedwa mu fan. Ndicho chiwalo chachikulu chokhudza nyama zambiri. Monga lamulo, ndizakutu zazitali komanso zozungulira, zomwe zimanyamula kutentha ndi kulandira zambiri zamakutu. Tsitsi m'makutu ndilochepa.
Buku:
- Kutalika kwa thupi: 4 mpaka 26 cm.
- Mchira kutalika: 6 mpaka 28 cm.
- Kulemera kwake: magalamu 10 mpaka 300.
Thupi ndi lalifupi. Miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa yakutsogolo, yomwe ndiyofunikira pakuyenda mwachangu. Ndipo chachifupikacho, chokhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa, nyama imagwiritsa ntchito zotsogola kukumba maenje, poyendetsa chakudya. Chovalacho ndi chakuda komanso chofewa. Mtunduwo umachokera kumchenga mpaka bulauni, makamaka monochromatic. Pamimba pamakhala mtundu wowala.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mchira wa jerboa ukhoza kukhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo ofunikira kuti azisamalira thupi nthawi yopuma kapena pakusowa chakudya.
Mchirawo uli kumapeto kwake ndi ngayaye lathyathyathya, womwe ndi mtundu wa chiwongolero poyenda. Mtundu waumunthu, kapangidwe ka miyendo kumatengera mtundu ndi malo okhala. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu, kukula kwa thupi lathunthu kapena ziwalo zake zimasintha.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Nyama yotentha ya Jerboa... Zowopsa kwakuti dzuwa litalowa zimatuluka mumtanda patangotha ola limodzi lokha. Akuyang'ana chakudya usiku wonse, mpaka 5 km. Ndipo m'mawa, ndendende ola limodzi dzuwa lisanatuluke, amabwerera kumsasa. Chitsimikizo choterechi nthawi zambiri chimapulumutsa miyoyo. Komabe, pali mitundu ina yomwe imagwira ntchito ndikusaka chakudya masana, ndipo madzulo ikathamangira kunyumba yapansi panthaka.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Agalu a Prairie
- Chipmunks
- Hazel dormouse kapena musket
- Mbewa yovuta
Mtundu umodzi wokhalamo ndi chilimwe. Ndi zipinda zopatukana, zokutidwa ndi udzu. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zothandiza zimapanga "khomo lakumbuyo" m'nyumba zawo zapansi panthaka ndipo zikawopsezedwa zimathawiramo.
M'nyengo yozizira, nyama imabisala, yomwe imatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Bowo la hibernation limasiyana ndi mzere wokhazikika "wokhala". Ili mozama kwambiri, kufikira mamita 2.5. Mitundu ina imasungira nkhokwe zawo m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo ina imasunga mwa iwo wokha, monga mafuta.
Ndizosangalatsa! Jerboas ndi omanga enieni. Tinyama tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwira tokha timamangira nyumba zingapo. Amakhala ndi maenje a chilimwe ndi nthawi yozizira, okhazikika komanso osakhalitsa, malo obisalira komanso kubowola kubadwa kwa ana.
Komanso, zolengedwa zodabwitsazi zimatha kukhala ndi nyumba zokhalitsa komanso zosakhalitsa. Nyumba zokhazikika zimakhala ndi khomo lodzaza ndi chotengera chadothi. Pakatikati, khonde lachilendo ndi lalitali kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, monga lamulo, mphukira imawonekera, yopita kuchipinda chochezera momwe pamwamba pake pamakutidwa ndi udzu ndipo pali malo oti "bedi" ngati mpira waubweya, moss, nthenga - zinthu zonse zoyenera kusonkhanitsidwa padziko. Zosunthira zingapo zomwe sizinamalizidwe zatsogolera kale kuchokera pamenepo. Amafunika pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.
Mwa ma jerboas, pali iwo omwe, m'malo mongomanga nyumba yawoyawo, amatenga "pobwereketsa" kuchokera kwa omwe akupanga. Jerboa imalumikizana ndi obadwa naye m'nyengo yokwanira. Amatha kutchedwa wosungulumwa. Iyi ndi imodzi mwanjira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupulumuka ndi nthumwi zosiyanasiyana za maluwa.
Ena amamatira ku gulu ndikupulumuka, ali ndi njira yolumikizirana yolumikizana. Ndipo ena, m'malo mwake, amakonda kukhala payekhapayekha, kupititsa majini a mbadwo wotsatira kwambiri, wofulumira, wosagonjetseka, wochenjera komanso wanzeru ku m'badwo wotsatira. Ndipo ngati munthuyo atakhala wosasamala, wosachedwa kapena wosasamala, amwalira. Izi zimatsimikizira kupulumuka kwa zamoyozo.
Ndi ma jerboas angati omwe amakhala
Komabe, matenda, kutengera zochitika zachilengedwe ndi zolusa zimafupikitsa nthawi ino nthawi zina. Mu ukapolo, nthawi ya moyo imakula kwambiri. Kutalika kwa moyo kuthengo sikupitilira zaka zitatu.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Chomwe chiyenera kukhala nsanje ya nyama zina pakati pa ma jerboas ndikufala kwawo mikhalidwe yosiyana kotheratu. Amakhala pafupifupi makontinenti onse komwe kuli madera, zipululu komanso zipululu. Maderawa akuphatikiza kumpoto kwa Africa kumwera kwa Sahara, kumwera kwa Europe, Asia kumpoto kwa Himalaya.
Komabe, ma jerboas amapezeka ngakhale m'nkhalango komanso m'mapiri. Ma subspecies ena amakhala ngakhale pamtunda wokwera mpaka 2 zikwi mita kumtunda kwa nyanja. Ku Russia, mutha kupeza oimira ena amtunduwu: jerboa yayikulu, jerboa yaying'ono, jerboa-jumper, jerboa wamba, wamiyendo yaubweya ndi miyendo isanu.
Zakudya za Jerboa
Chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha jerboa ndi magalamu 60. Chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo mbewu ndi mizu ya zomera, yomwe amachotsa mwa kukumba mauna.
Amakonda kudya mphutsi za tizilombo. Amakonda kudya zipatso, mbewu monga chimanga, ndiwo zamasamba. Jerboas samamwa madzi! Chinyezi chonse chimapezeka kuchokera kuzomera.
Zofunika! Mchira wa jerboa umanena zambiri za momwe thanzi limakhalira ndi thanzi. Ngati ndi yozungulira, ndiye kuti nyama ikudya bwino komanso pafupipafupi. Mchira ndiwowonda, wokhala ndi mafupa olimba, osonyeza kutopa.
Zakudyazo zimakhala ndi mbewu ndi mizu yazomera... Ma jerboas awo amakumba, ndikusiya mabowo. Tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo amadyanso. Nyama pafupifupi sizimamwa madzi. Amapeza chinyezi kuchokera ku zomera. Usiku, pakufunafuna chakudya, mbewa imodzi imatha kuyenda mpaka 10 km munjira zake zodyera.
Chinyama chimodzi chimafuna 60 g ya zakudya zosiyanasiyana patsiku. Chiwerengerochi chimakhudza kwambiri nthaka ndi zomera zomwe zimapezeka m'zipululu, zipululu zazing'ono ndi madera, komanso chimakhala chakudya cha odyetsa anzawo. Nthawi yomweyo, nyama zimatha kufalitsa matenda opatsirana owopsa mpaka mliriwo.
Adani achilengedwe
Ali ndi ambiri a iwo. Izi ndi pafupifupi zonse zolusa zakomweko. Ndi chisangalalo amanyamula ma jerboas ndi mbalame m'makhola awo. Zokwawa sizimazengereza kuwayesa nkhomaliro.
Kubereka ndi ana
Jerboas amakula msinkhu ali ndi miyezi 6-7.... Ndipo ngati akukhala bwino mpaka pano, ndiye kuti nthawi yoyamba yamasika kapena chilimwe imayamba nyengo yoswana. Kutalika kwa mimba kumadalira subspecies, koma pafupifupi sichitha mwezi umodzi. Mkazi amabala malita 2-3 pachaka. Ana amodzi amakhala ndi ana 3 mpaka 8. Pobereka, ma jerboas amakonzekeretsa mink yapadera. Kuyambira pobadwa, anawo amakhala akhungu komanso opanda dazi, ofanana kwambiri ndi ana amphongo.
Ndizosangalatsanso momwe mkazi amamvetsetsa kuti "nthawi yafika." Alibe wotchi kapena kalendala. Mwinanso, makina obadwa nawo amayamba kuyambira pomwe ana amayamba kulemera magalamu 200-220.
Amayi amasamalira ndi kuteteza ana mpaka miyezi itatu. Kenako machitidwe ake amasintha modabwitsa. Amakhala waukali. Umu ndi momwe ana amamvetsetsa kuti nthawi yakwana yoti akhale pawokha.
Kusintha kwa kulemera ndi kuchepa kwa malo okhala mu burrow zimauza mayi kuti ndi nthawi yoti alole anawo kuti apite "kusambira kwaulere". Amayamba kuwonetsa nkhanza, kuluma, kuthamangitsira kutali ndi chakudya.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma subspecies ndi mawonekedwe owerengeka, titha kunena kuti, mitundu yonse ya ma jerboas sikukumana ndi vuto la kuchuluka kwa anthu. Mwambiri, anthu amaberekana molimba. Komabe, mkati mwa subspecies, zinthu sizili bwino kwenikweni.
Zofunika! Mbalame yotchedwa marsupial jerboa yochokera ku Australia ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Chiwerengero cha anthu chatsika kwambiri. Ndiwo yekha woimira subspecies ake.
Tinyama tating'onoting'ono toyenera kusamalidwa ndi kulemekezedwa, monga aliyense wokhala padziko lapansi. Amatha kutchedwa kuti omanga, chifukwa, monga mukudziwa, amamanga nyumba zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Khalidweli limangokhala la nyama zokha.
