Mukamayandikira kumtunda, chouluka cha nangumi wokhala ndi mapiko akulu otseguka chikuwoneka ngati cholumikizira - ndipo pakadali pano ndichokongola. Koma ili pansi kale, pafupi, mbalameyi imawoneka yachilendo, chifukwa cha milomo yake yayikulu yoopsa.
Kufotokozera za heron wachifumu
Mu 1849, mtunduwo udapezeka, ndipo patatha chaka adasankhidwa ndikufotokozedwa... Koma mfumukazi yachifumu idadziwika padziko lonse lapansi patapita nthawi, chifukwa cha a Bengt Berg, omwe m'buku lawo lonena zaulendo wopita ku Sudan adawonekera pansi pa dzina la Abu-Markub (Chiarabu cha "bambo wa nsapato").
Bukuli, lofalitsidwa m'zilankhulo zambiri (kuphatikiza Chirasha), lidasindikizidwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse isanachitike ndipo nthawi yomweyo idakopa mitima ya owerenga. Mbalame zamapiko ndi mapazi, kuphatikizapo marabou, heron, stork, amadziwika kuti ndi abale a mutu wa nangumi. Wachiwiriyu amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba.
Makhalidwe ofanana ndi mutu wa namgumi ndi nsungu:
- chala chakumbuyo chachitali chotalika (chokula mofanana ndi ena);
- kupezeka kwa 2 ufa waukulu;
- kuchepetsa kwa coccygeal gland;
- cecum yekha.
Dzinalo Balaeniceps amatanthauzira kuti "whalehead", Germany Schuhschabelstorch - ngati "boothead". Mayina onsewa akunena za chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri chakunja kwa mbalameyi - mulomo waukulu.
Maonekedwe
Choyambirira chomwe chimakugwirani mukayang'ana hule lachifumu ndichachikulu, ngati nsapato yamatabwa, mlomo wachikaso wonyezimira, wokhala ndi ndowe yopachikika kumapeto. Zikuwoneka kuti mbalameyo sinalowetse mutu wake pachombocho ndipo sinathe kuchikoka - kukula kwake kwa milomo yotupa sikungafanane ndi mutu (pafupifupi m'mimba mwake molingana ndi kukula kwa thupi) komanso thupi lonse.
Malingana ndi akatswiri a mbalame, kukula kwa thupi monga namgumi sikuli mbalame. Mawonekedwe onse a anatomical dissonance amalizidwa ndi khosi lokongola (mulingo wa mulomo) ndi miyendo yolimba-miyendo. Popuma, mbalameyi imayika mlomo wake waukulu pachifuwa pake kuti ichepetse minofu ya m'khosi. Zimadziwikanso kuti mutu wa nangumi uli ndi lilime lalifupi ndi mchira, uli ndi mimba yayikulu yamimba, koma yopanda minyewa yam'mimba.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chodabwitsa china pakuwonekera kwa mphalapala wachifumu ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, owala, omwe ali mundege yomweyo, osati mbali, monga mbalame zambiri. Izi zimathandiza kuti masomphenya a anamgumi akhale ochuluka kwambiri.
Amuna / akazi amakhala amitundu yofananira ndipo mawonekedwe awo samadziwika pakati pawo. Chiyambi chachikulu cha nthenga ndi mdima wakuda, kumbuyo (monga mu zitsamba zonse) ufa pansi umakula, koma pachifuwa palibepo (mosiyana ndi nsungu). Iyi ndi mbalame yodabwitsa kwambiri yomwe imakhala ndi mapiko pafupifupi 2.3 m, ikukula pafupifupi 1.5 m ndikulemera 9-15 kg.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Kitoglav samayesetsa kulumikizana ndi amuna amtundu wina ndipo amapanga maanja nthawi yokomana, akumvera chibadwa chakale... Ichi ndi cholengedwa chanzeru komanso chosalowerera chomwe chimateteza moyo wake kwa alendo. Masana, mbalamezi zimakonda kubisala m'mitengo yambiri ya mabango ndi gumbwa, pomwe njovu zimatha kubisala.
Kitoglav imazolowera kukhala m'madambo, omwe amathandizidwa ndi miyendo yayitali yokhala ndi zala zakutali, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuti zigwere m'matope amatope. Maonekedwe okondedwa a mphalapala wachifumu ndi kuzizira kwanthawi yayitali pamalo amodzi atafinya mlomo pachifuwa. Dzanzi ndi ulesi nzozama kwambiri kotero kuti mbalame siimachita chilichonse kwa anthu odutsa ndipo imanyamuka kawirikawiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Atakwera mlengalenga, mutu wa nangumi samathamangira mmwamba, koma umawuluka bwino paulendo wotsika, nthawi zina umasinthira (monga ziwombankhanga ndi ziwombankhanga) pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde amlengalenga. Ikakhala mlengalenga, imakoka khosi lake ngati mphalapala, yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakamwa pake pakanikizidwe pachifuwa.
Malo owonera a heron wamfumu nthawi zambiri amakhala pachilumba chomera choyandama, koma nthawi ndi nthawi mbalameyo imachokamo ndikulowa m'dambo mpaka madzi amakhudza mimba. Kitoglav, chifukwa chazinsinsi zake, samakonda kutchula komwe kuli malo ndikumveka mokweza, koma nthawi ndi nthawi imangodina kapena kutulutsa mulomo wake (ngati dokowe) kapena "kuseka".
Kodi hule wachifumu amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Malinga ndi zomwe sizinachitike, mutu wa namgumi umatha kukhala chifukwa cha ziwindi zazitali, chifukwa amakhala (m'malo abwino) kwa zaka zosachepera 35.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo obadwira mphalapala wachifumu ndi Central Africa (kuyambira South Sudan mpaka Western Ethiopia), kuphatikiza Uganda, Republic of the Congo, Zambia ndi Tanzania. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalameyi idawonekeranso ku Botswana. Ngakhale kuli kwakutali kwakatunduyu, gulu la anangumi ndilochepa komanso labalalika. Anthu ambiri amakhala ku South Sudan. Kitoglav amasankha malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala am'madambo okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira ndi bango. Simawoneka kawirikawiri m'malo otseguka.
Zakudya za Kitoglava
Mbalameyi imakonda kukhutiritsa njala yokha, imayenda pafupifupi mita 20 kuchokera pafupi ndi oyandikana nawo. Mphalapala wachifumu amakhala kwa maola ambiri m'madzi osaya, akuyang'ana kunja. Kusaka kumayambira m'mawa, koma nthawi zambiri kumapitilira masana.
Zakudya zambiri zam'mudzi zimapangidwa ndi protopters (lungfishes). Kuphatikiza apo, mndandanda umaphatikizapo:
- polypterus;
- telapia ndi catfish;
- amphibiya;
- makoswe;
- akamba;
- njoka zamadzi;
- ng'ona zazing'ono.
Mitu ya anangumi imasaka nyama yomwe imakonda (protopterus, catfish ndi telapii) ikubisalira, kudikirira kuti isambire kumtunda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbalameyi imaundana, mutu mutu, wokonzeka kugwira nsomba mosazindikira nthawi iliyonse. Pozindikira, mutu wa namgumi, ukukupiza mapiko ake, umadzigwetsera m'madzi ndikuwukoka ndi mbedza yakuthwa yomwe imagwirizira chikhocho.
Mbalameyo isanameze mbalameyi, imamasula ku zomera ndipo nthawi zina imang'amba mutuwo... Mfumuyi imapewa nkhalango zowoloka, posankha malo osaka njovu ndi mvuu. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira zambiri (zotsogolera kunyanja).
Adani achilengedwe
Mwachilengedwe, zitsamba zonse zimaopsezedwa ndi mbalame zazikuluzikulu (hawk, kite ndi falcon) zomwe zimaukira pakuthawa. Koma mfumu heron ndi ng'ona zoopsa, zomwe zimakhala m'madambo ambiri aku Africa. Zowononga zapansi (mwachitsanzo, martens) ndi akhwangwala mosalekeza amasaka anapiye ndi nkhwangwa.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kuyandikira kwa mutu wa namgumi kumadzikumbutsa ngakhale nthawi yakuswana - atapanga banja, othandizana nawo amagawana maudindo, osachita limodzi, koma mosiyana. Umu ndi momwe amamangira chisa, kugwira ntchito, monga akunenera, mosinthana. Chisa chimawoneka ngati nsanja yayikulu yozungulira yopingasa mita 2.5.
Zipangizo zomangira ndi mabango ndi mapesi a gumbwa, pamwamba pake amaikapo udzu wofewa wofewa, womwe mbalamezi zimaponda mwamphamvu ndi zikopa zawo. Nthawi yoberekera imamangiriridwa kudera lomwe kumakhala anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo, ku Sudan, kuyambika kwachikondi kumayenderana kuti kutha kwa nyengo yamvula.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwambo wachikondi wa mphalapala wachifumu, womwe nthawi zambiri umawoneka m'malo osungira nyama, umakhala ndi kugwedeza mutu, kutambasula khosi, kudina pakamwa, ndi mawu osokosera.
Pambuyo pa umuna wabwino, mkaziyo amaikira mazira oyera 1 mpaka 3, kuwotha usiku ndi kuwaziziritsa masana. Mlomo waukulu komanso wowoneka bwino, ngati mutu, umamuthandiza kwambiri pa izi: mmenemo amanyamula madzi kuti atsanulire pachikopa chotentha. Mwa njira, ma ghales amasamba mwanjira imeneyi ngakhale anapiye atawonekera, omwe amaswa mwezi umodzi pambuyo pake.
Makolowo, komanso kumanga chisa, amagawana zovuta zakulera ndi kuwadyetsa.... Makanda obadwa kumene amakhala okutidwa ndi imvi yofewa ndipo amapatsidwa ngongole zolumikizidwa. Kalanga, mwa anapiye onse akumutu, nthawi zambiri amapulumuka. Mbalamezi zimamupatsa chakudya chopukutidwa ndi theka, kapena kani, kumenyedwa ndi chotupa chake, koma patatha mwezi umodzi mwana wankhuku amatha kumeza zidutswa zazikulu.
Kwa miyezi iwiri yoyambirira amakhala pachisa cha kholo lawo ndipo amabwerera komweko, ngakhale ataphunzira kuuluka. Anapiye samakhwima mwachangu kwambiri, amadzuka pamapiko patatha miyezi itatu ndikupeza ntchito zoberekera zaka zitatu zokha. Msuzi wachinyamata wachifumu amasiyana ndi wamkulu muutoto wa nthenga.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chiwerengero chonse cha mutu wa nangumi ndi 10-15 000 mbalame, ndichifukwa chake mitunduyo idaphatikizidwa mu International Red Book. Komabe, ziweto zachifumu zikuchepa chifukwa chakubayira mazira komanso zochita za anthu zomwe sizatopa.
