Belobrovik (lat. Turdus iliacus) ndi mbalame yaying'ono yoimba, yoyimira banja la thrush. Dzina lake limachokera ku kuwala, nthawi zina mzere wachikasu womwe uli pamwamba pa diso ngati mawonekedwe a nsidze.
Kufotokozera za redbrow
Kufanana kwakunja kwina kudadziwika pakati pa mitundu ina ya ma thrush, monga yofiira pamutu, mbalame yanyimbo: kukula kocheperako, mdima wakumbuyo ndi mimba yopepuka. Koma palinso zosiyana zomwe zatsimikizira kudzipatula kwa mtundu uwu wa thrush kuchokera kwa ena.
Maonekedwe
Khadi loyendera la thrush yofiira, inde, ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka yomwe ili mbali zonse ziwiri za mutu pamwamba pamaso, yofanana ndi nsidze zikawonedwa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nthenga zofiirira zobiriwira za azitona zakumbuyo zimasiyana ndi kuwala kwakumunsi kokhala ndi kachidutswa kakuda.
Pansi pake pazotchingira mapiko ndi chifuwa cham'mbali ndi zofiirira zofiirira kapena zofiira. Akazi agonjetsedwa kuposa amuna, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira... Mlomo ndi waung'ono ndi wosongoka. Mapazi amakhalanso ochepa kukula kwake, a mthunzi wakuda, okhala ndi zikhadabo zazing'ono zakuthwa. Mapikowo ndi ang'onoang'ono, amaloza kumapeto, ndipo amatalika masentimita 35. Belobrovik ndi yaying'ono kwambiri mwa mbalame zakuda: kutalika kwake konse kumakhala pakati pa 15 cm mpaka 23 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 45. mpaka 60 gr.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Mbalamezi zimayenda kwambiri ndipo zimafuna kudziwa zambiri. Amawuluka mosavuta komanso mokongola, ndikumapiko kwamapiko. Amayenda pansi pang'onopang'ono kapena kudumpha, kunyamuka ngati pangozi. Komabe, panthawi yobzala, amakhala osamala kwambiri. Amangirira nyumba zawo pamaziko olimba a ziphuphu, mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo, ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, chisa chimawoneka tchire kapena muudzu wandiweyani pansi pomwe. Mbalamezi zimatha kudziwa mosavuta magawo atsopano, komabe, panthawi yodzaza, banjali limasunga chisa chawo, ndikungouluka kupita kudzenje lothirira.
Zitabzala, zimadutsa m'nkhalango kufunafuna chakudya. Amawuluka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena pawokha, komabe, atapeza chakudya, amatha kukopa anthu amtundu wina okwanira mokwanira, omwe amafulumira kupita kumalo odyetserako ziweto. Amayang'ana chakudya makamaka pansi: pansi pa moss kapena masamba owuma. Belobrovik si ya mbalame zachisanu, ngakhale siziwopa nyengo yozizira - imawuluka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira ngati chakudya chimawalola kuti ichedwetse, nthawi zambiri ikachoka, imasochera kukhala gulu lalikulu kapena imalowa gulu la mitundu ina ya thrush.
Amuna achichepere amayamba kuyesa kuyimba nyimbo ali ndi zaka ziwiri ndi theka, kutulutsa mawu osokosera komanso osakhazikika, osafanana kwenikweni ndi nyimbo zokongola za akulu. Makonsati awo enieni amachitikira pafupi ndi chisa m'nyengo yokwanira ndiyeno mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka nthawi yophukira, zomwe sizodziwika kawirikawiri. Nyimboyi ili ndi magawo awiri: imayambira ndi mluzu, mluzu wokongola wa kufuula kosiyanasiyana, kufola kuchokera pamanambala apamwamba mpaka pamanambala otsika, kenako pamakhala phokoso lamphamvu la mawu osiyanasiyana. Kuti aphedwe, yamwamuna imakwera pamwamba pamtengo. Kulira kwake koopsa kungasonyeze kuyandikira kwa ngozi, ndikuwonetsetsa za chakudya chomwe chapezeka.
Masakatuli ofiira angati amakhala
Zowonera zimadziwika pakukhala kwazaka zopitilira muyeso - mpaka zaka 10 ndikundende - mpaka zaka 20... Komabe, zachidziwikire, kupambana malinga ndi moyo wa "woyimba" wokakamizidwa, funso limabuka pazabwino ndi zomwe zili m'moyo wotere. Ndikwabwino kupereka mwayi kwa mbalamezi kuti zizingokhala zokha m'malo awo achilengedwe, kukhala moyo wawo wamfupi, wodzazidwa ndi zovuta zonse za mbalame ndi zisangalalo, ndikumamvetsera kuyimba kwake munthawi yolumikizana ndi chilengedwe, kubwera kwa iye, osatenga nawo gawo ngati cholengedwa chamoyo "paradaiso" wokhala m'mizinda.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
A belobrovik amakhala mosakanikirana kapena mosakhazikika, makamaka birch, nkhalango ku Europe ndi Asia, posankha oyandikana nawo omwe ali ndi mbali zotseguka. Itha kukhala m'mapaki am'mizinda, malo azikhalidwe zakumidzi, m'nkhalango zing'onozing'ono, m'mikanda ya nkhalango. Pafunikira dziwe pafupi. Sakonda nkhalango zowirira zakuda. M'nyengo yozizira, imawulukira kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Europe, kupita ku Asia Minor komanso kumpoto kwa kontinenti ya Africa.
Zakudya zoyera
Chakudya chachikulu cha opera oyera amakhala pansi: nyongolotsi, mollusks, tizilombo, ndi anapiye amadyetsedwa chimodzimodzi. Mphukira yoyera ndimakonda tizirombo tating'onoting'ono: osati zokhazo zomwe zimakwawa pamtengowo, komanso omwe amakhala pansi pa khungwa, komanso mbozi, mphutsi ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timafuna kudya pamtengowo, titha kukhala chakudya cha tchire loyera. Mbalame yanjala imadyanso zakudya zina zomanga thupi: kafadala, akangaude, agulugufe, agulugufe, nyongolotsi zosiyanasiyana, slugs, komanso zakudya zazomera: mbewu, mphukira, masamba amitengo. Zipatso za mbalamezi ndizokoma - zimadya mosangalala mbewu zonse ndi zamkati. Choyamba, amadya strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, ndiyeno lingonberries, currants; kumadera akumpoto - mabulosi abuluu, mabulosi abulu, komanso minda - yamatcheri, maula, gooseberries.
Adani achilengedwe
Choopsa chachikulu pamtunduwu chimapangidwa ndi nyama ndi mbalame zosaka mazira ndi anapiye opindika poyera: agologolo, ma martens, jays, akhwangwala, nkhwangwa, ndi zina zotero. Nkhandwe ndi nyama zina zolusa zimakhalanso pachiwopsezo kwa achikulire, ngakhale samanyalanyaza kutsekera pachisa.
Zofunika! Makamaka mazira ambiri amafa nthawi yoyamba kukaikira mazira, masamba akamachedwa ndikutembenuka.
Zikatero, zisa sizinabisike mu tsamba ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuzilanda zaukali ndi nthenga.... Zinyama zoyera zoyera pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu zitha kukwiyitsidwa ndi ziweto zomwe zimawononga zisa zapansi, kapena amphaka kapena agalu omwewo, kuwawononga kapena kuwopseza mbalame ndi anapiye awo.
Kubereka ndi ana
White-brows thrush imayamba chisa masika, massively: kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi. Mitundu iwiri ya hemp ndi mitengo ing'onoing'ono komanso zitsamba zimatha kukhala malo osungira nyumba yamtsogolo, ndipo zisa zawo zili pamtunda wochepa kuchokera pansi.
Nthambi zouma, mizu, udzu ndi masamba ndizo zomangira. Dongo ndi nthaka zimagwirira ntchito ngati chinthu chomangirira. Makolo amtsogolo amayesa kubisa chisa chooneka ngati mbale.
Ndizosangalatsa! Momwemo, wamkazi amatha kuyikira mazira oyamba sabata limodzi ndikuyamba kuwamasulira ndi amuna kwa milungu iwiri. Pofundira pali mazira 2-6 amtundu wamtambo wokhala ndi mawanga ofiira ofiira.
Akabereka, anapiye adzafunika nthawi yofananayo kuti akhale ndi mphamvu ndikuyamba kuyesayesa kouluka kuti adzipezere chakudya. Koma mpaka pano, makolo onse akuchita nawo chakudya ndi chisamaliro, chomwe chimapitilira mpaka nthawi yomwe anapiye amakhala okonzeka moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Pakadutsa milungu iwiri ndi theka, tiana tija timayamba kutuluka zisa zawo pofuna kuti tikhale ndi moyo komanso kuti tizidya chakudya pansi.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, amayenda maulendo ataliatali, koma akuluakulu amakonza kayendedwe kake ndi mawu.... Zitenga masiku enanso 7-10 kuti anapiye afike pokhwima ndipo makolo amasiya kuwasamalira. Ngati anawo akula msanga ndikusiya chisa mpaka kalekale, ndiye kuti akazi akhoza kupanganso china.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pakadali pano, mitundu iyi yamitundumitundu, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa 6 mpaka 50 ndi kupitirira miliyoni miliyoni ndipo siili m'gulu la nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Komabe, ku Ulaya, kachilomboka kofiira ndi mtundu wa mbalame zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndikuwongolera kufalikira kwake kuti ziteteze ndikupewa chiwopsezo chakuchepa kwa chiwerengerocho.
