Anyaniwa ali m'gulu la anyani atatu odziwika bwino kwambiri, limodzi ndi chimpanzi ndi gorilla, ndipo ndi omwe ali pafupi kwambiri, potengera magazi ndi kapangidwe ka DNA, kwa anthu. Sizinangochitika mwangozi kuti mafuko akumaloko adatcha wokhala m'nkhalangoyi, yemwe amayenda pansi ndi miyendo iwiri, "munthu wa m'nkhalango" - "orang" (man) "utan" (nkhalango). Ataphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za DNA ya nyaniyu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kufanana kwake ndi kwake (97% mwangozi), munthuyo adasungabe chidziwitso chapamwamba chokhudza "wachibale" wosangalatsayu.
Ndipo ngakhale dzina lake lidalembedwa molakwika, ndikuwonjezera chilembo "g" kumapeto, kutembenuza "munthu wa m'nkhalango" kukhala "wamangawa", popeza "utang" potanthauzira kuchokera ku Chimalaya amatanthauza "ngongole".
Kufotokozera kwa anyani
Anyaniwa ndi amtundu wa anyani obisalira, omwe amadziwika pakati pa anyani ena potukuka kwambiri... Nthawi zambiri, anyaniwa amasokonezeka ndi anzawo aku Africa - anyani ena otukuka kwambiri - gorilla. Pakadali pano, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo, kunja ndi machitidwe.
Maonekedwe
Anyani ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi anyani akuluakulu. Koma uku si kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu. Palibe nyama ina padziko lapansi yomwe ingakhale yosiyana ndi nyama ndipo imafanana ndi munthu. Ali ndi misomali, osati zikhadabo, maso anzeru modabwitsa, mawonekedwe abwino pankhope, makutu ang'onoang'ono "amunthu" komanso ubongo wokulirapo.
Atakhazikika pa homo sapiens, anyani amafika masentimita 150, koma nthawi yomweyo ndi olemera - amatha kulemera makilogalamu 150 kapena kupitilira apo. Zonse ndizokhudza kukula kwa thupi. Orangutan ili ndi miyendo yayifupi ndi thupi lalikulu lalikulu ndi mimba yakuda. Manja ndi atali kwambiri - onse poyerekeza ndi thupi komanso miyendo. Olimba, amisempha, amathandiza anyani mosavuta, ndipo mwabwino, "amauluka" pamitengo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kutalika kwa mikono ya orangutan mu span kwambiri kumapitilira kutalika ndikufika mamita 2.5. Nyani ikakhala pamalo owongoka, mikono yake imapachika pansi pa mawondo ndikufikira kumapazi, kukhala chowonjezera chowonjezera mukamayenda pansi.
Kapangidwe kakanthu kakang'ono ka chala chachikulu, kotumphukira ndi kokhotakhota ndi mbedza, kamathandiza anyaniwa mwamphamvu kugwiritsitsa nthambi za mitengo. Pamiyendo, zala zazikulu za m'manja zimatsutsananso ndi zotsalazo ndipo ndizopindika, koma zopangidwa bwino komanso zopanda ntchito kwenikweni. Zala zokhota zakuphazi zakutsogolo zimathandizanso nyani kutola zipatso pamitengo, koma uku ndi ntchito yawo. Miyendo yotere siimatha kuyendetsa bwino zinthu.
Ma orangutan amakhala okutidwa ndi tsitsi lofiira. Kutalika, koma kosowa, zomwe sizosadabwitsa chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha yamnkhalango. Mtundu wa malaya amasintha mthunzi ndi msinkhu wa anyani - kuchokera kufiira kofiira mu unyamata, kukhala bulauni mu ukalamba.
Ubweya umagawidwa mosagwirizana pathupi la orangutan - m'mbali mwake mumakhala wokulirapo komanso kangapo pachifuwa. Thupi lakumunsi ndi mitengo ya kanjedza ili pafupifupi opanda kanthu. Ma Orangutan afotokoza zakugonana. Amuna awo amapatsidwa zinthu zingapo zabwino: mano owopsa, "ndevu" zoseketsa komanso "otukumuka" masaya. Kuphatikiza apo, masaya aamuna amakula akamakula, ndikupanga cholumikizira kuzungulira nkhope. Akazi a anyani alibe ndevu, tinyanga, kapena zitunda pankhope ndipo kukula kwake ndi kocheperako, ndipo mafupa ake ndi ochepa thupi. Kulemera kwawo kwanthawi zonse sikupitilira 50 kg.
Moyo, machitidwe
Anyani amakhala moyo wawo wonse m'mitengo.... Kupatula kwake ndi anyani akulu amphongo, omwe kulemera kwake kumawopseza nthambi.
Anyaniwa amayenda mtengo ndi mtengo wina, ndipo akugwiritsa ntchito mwadongosolo kutsogolo kwawo kwamphamvu. Cholinga cha kusamuka kumeneku ndikupeza chakudya. Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira pamwambapa, anyani sangaganize zopita kudziko lapansi. Adzadzipangira yekha mawonekedwe a bedi logona kuchokera ku nthambi zopindika ndipo adzagona pansi, ndikukhala moyo wopuma komanso wabwino. Nyaniyu amasankha kuthetsa ngakhale ludzu lomwe ladzuka mothandizidwa ndi madzi omwe apeza pamwambapa, m'masamba kapena m'maenje amitengo yotentha.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mosiyana ndi anyani ena, anyani samadumpha kuchoka panthambi kupita kunthambi, koma amayenda kuchokera pamtengo kupita kumtengo, akumamatira ku mitengo ikuluikulu komanso mipesa yosinthasintha ndi mikono ndi miyendo yawo.
Ndi nyama zolimba kwambiri. Kulemera kwawo kwakukulu sikuwalepheretsa kugonjetsa nsonga za mita 50. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi luntha lokwanira kuti ntchito yawo ikhale yosavuta momwe angathere. Mwachitsanzo, pamtengo waminga wamtengo wa kapoko, anyani amapanga "magolovesi" apadera kuchokera masamba akulu omwe amawalola kuti akwaniritse cholinga chawo - mtengo wokoma wamtengo.
Ma Orangutan amatha kulumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito mawu. Nyaniyu amawonetsa kupweteka ndi mkwiyo mwakung'ung'udza ndikulira. Kuti awonetse kuwopseza mdani, amasindikiza mokweza kwambiri. Kubangula kwakanthawi kwamphongo kwamphongo kumatanthauza kudzinenera dera ndipo kumawonetsedwa kuti kukope chidwi cha akazi. Pakhosi la orangutan, lomwe limafufuma ngati mpira, kuphulika kwa phokoso lomwe limasanduka khosi, limathandizira kubangula uku. "Mawu" oterewa amamveka pa kilomita.
Ma Orangutan amakhala osungulumwa pamitala. Zomwe, zambiri, sizofanana ndi anyani. Zimachitika kuti amakhala ngati banja. Koma madera akuluakulu m'malo amodzi ndiosatheka chifukwa chakusoĊµa kwa chakudya cha aliyense, choncho anyani amabalalika kutali wina ndi mnzake. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna amateteza mosamala malire a dera lomwe azimayi ake amakhala.
Ngati mlendo akuyenda m'malo otetezedwa, mwiniwakeyo amapanga gulu lankhondo. Monga lamulo, silibwera "kuzunza", koma pali phokoso lambiri. Otsutsanawo ayamba kugwedeza mitengo ndikuphwanya nthambi zawo, kutsagana ndi zochitikazi ndi kukuwa kofanana. Izi zikupitilira mpaka m'modzi mwa "ojambula" adula mawu ake ndikutopa.
Ma Orangutan sangathe kusambira. Ndipo amaopa madzi, sawakonda, amapewa mitsinje ndikudziphimba ndi mvula ndi masamba akulu ngati ambulera.
Orangutan imachedwa kugaya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti atha kukhala wopanda chakudya masiku angapo. Pali mtundu woti kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kotere (30% kutsika kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi thupi lolemera chotero) kumayambitsidwa ndi moyo wa anyani ndi mtundu wawo wazakudya zamasamba.
Anyani ndi zolengedwa zamtendere. Sakhala achiwawa komanso amakhala odekha, ochezeka komanso anzeru. Akakumana ndi mlendo, amakonda kuchoka ndipo iwowo sawukira koyamba.
Ngakhale atagwidwa, samawonetsa kukana kwamphamvu, komwe kumazunzidwa ndi munthu, kugwira nyama izi kuti zipindule.
Mitundu ya Orangutan
Kwa nthawi yayitali, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya orangutan idangokhala m'mitundu iwiri: Sumatran ndi Bornean / Kalimantan - kutengera zilumba zaku Indonesia zomwe amakhala. Mitundu yonseyi ndi yofanana kwambiri. Nthawi ina panali mtundu womwe anyani a Sumatran ndi Kalimantan anali oyimira mtundu womwewo. Koma m'kupita kwa nthawi, malingaliro awa adadziwika kuti ndi olakwika, kusiyanasiyana kunapezeka.
Ndizosangalatsa! Amakhulupirira kuti orangutan wa Kalimantan ndi wamkulu kuposa Sumatran, ndipo Sumatran ndiyosowa kwambiri. Pachilumba chake pali akambuku ndipo amakonda kukhala kutali ndi iwo, samangopita pansi. Kalimantansky, wopanda zilombo zolusa pafupi, nthawi zambiri amasiya mtengowo.
Kumapeto kwa zaka zapitazi, panali mitundu yambiri ya anyani... Mtundu watsopano udapezeka - ku Sumatra, mdera la Tapanuli. Tapanuilskiy adakhala mtundu wachitatu wa anyani ndi wachisanu ndi chiwiri pakati pa anyani akuluakulu.
Asayansi apeza kuti anyani amtundu wa Tapanuli, ngakhale amakhala pachilumba chimodzi ndi Sumatran, ali pafupi mu kapangidwe ka DNA ndi a Kalimantan. Amasiyana ndi achibale awo a ku Sumatran pankhani yazakudya zawo, tsitsi lopotanapotana, komanso mawu apamwamba. Kapangidwe ka chigaza ndi nsagwada za Tapanuil orangutan ndizosiyana ndi azibale ake - chigaza ndi chaching'ono ndipo mayini ndi otakata.
Utali wamoyo
Nthawi yayitali ya orangutan m'malo achilengedwe ndi zaka 35-40, mu ukapolo - 50 ndi kupitilira apo. Amawonedwa ngati akatswiri okhalitsa pakati pa anyani (osawerengera anthu). Pali zochitika pomwe anyani amakhala zaka 65.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malowa ndi ochepa - zilumba ziwiri ku Indonesia - Borneo ndi Sumatra. Zophimbidwa m'nkhalango zowirira ndi mapiri, lero ndi nyumba yokhayo yamitundu itatu yonse ya anyani. Monga malo okhalamo, mitundu ikuluikulu ya anthropoid imasankha zigwa zomwe zili ndi zomera za m'nkhalango.
Zakudya za Orangutan
Ma Orangutan ndiwo zamasamba odzipereka. Maziko azakudya zawo ndi awa: zipatso (mango, maula, nthochi, nkhuyu, zipatso za durian), mtedza, mphukira, masamba, makungwa azomera, mizu, madzi, uchi, maluwa komanso nthawi zina tizilombo, nkhono, mazira a mbalame.
Adani achilengedwe
Mwachilengedwe, anyani alibe adani... Chokhachokha ndi kambuku wa Sumatran. Koma pachilumba cha Borneo, ndipo ayi, chifukwa chake anyani am'deralo amakhala motetezeka.
Zowopsa zazikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzikuluzi ndizopha nyama mwachangu komanso zochitika zambiri zachuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama zosawerengeka zikhale zochepa.
Kubereka ndi ana
Orangutan alibe nyengo yosiyana kapena nyengo yoberekera. Amatha kukwatirana nthawi iliyonse yomwe angafune. Ndipo izi ndi zabwino kuti ziberekane, koma sizipereka kuchuluka kwa anthu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti azimayi a orangutan ndi amayi amantha omwe amadyetsa ana awo kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo, kwenikweni, sawasiya mmanja mwawo. Chifukwa chake, m'moyo wake, mkazi m'modzi, yemwe amachita bwino, amatha kulera ana osapitilira 6. Izi ndizochepa kwambiri.
Mayi wamkazi amatenga miyezi 8 ndi theka. Mwana m'modzi amabadwa, osachepera kawiri. Kulemera kwanthawi zonse kwa mwana wa orangutan pafupifupi 2 kg. Amakwera amayi ake, atamamatira khungu lawo, poyamba, makamaka pamene akuyamwitsa. Ndipo mkaka wa amayi pazakudya zake uzikhala wazaka zitatu! Ndipo kwa zaka zingapo azikhala pafupi ndi amayi ake, kuyesera kuti asawaiwale. Pazaka 6 zokha, anyani amayamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha, ndipo amakhala okhwima, monga anthu, pofika zaka 10-15 zokha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Ma Orangutan atsala pang'ono kutha ndipo adatchulidwa mu Red Book... Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya Sumatran ndi Tapanuil kwatchulidwa kale kuti ndi kovuta. Mitundu ya Kalimantan ili pachiwopsezo.
Zofunika! Pakadali pano, anyani a Kalimantan ali ndi anthu pafupifupi 60,000, anyani a Sumatran - 15,000, ndi anyani a Tapanuil - ochepera anthu 800.
Pali zifukwa zitatu za izi:
- Kudula mitengo mwachangu, komwe kwachepetsa kwambiri anyaniwa pazaka 40 zapitazi.
- Kupha nyama. Nyama ikakhala yosowa kwambiri, imakwera mtengo pamsika wakuda. Chifukwa chake, kufunika kwa anyaniwa kumangokula, makamaka kwa ana awo. Nthawi zambiri, kuti atenge mwana kwa mayi ake, alenje amamupha, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto osaneneka kwa anthu amtunduwo.
- Kuswana kwambiri, chifukwa cha malo ochepa komanso ochepa, kumabweretsa masinthidwe owopsa.
