Cholengedwa chodabwitsa chofananachi cha m'mbuyomo cha amphibians chimatha kusungidwa bwino m'nyanja yamchere. Ndi axolotl yomwe idakhala chiwonetsero chakuwoneka kwa chinjoka chabwino Chosavulaza chojambula chojambula Momwe Mungaphunzitsire Chinjoka Chanu, chomwe chidakhala chotchuka mu 2010, komanso chidalimbikitsa omwe adapanga nthano ya Luntik.
Kufotokozera kwa axolotl
Axolotl si "dzina lenileni" la nyama yomwe ikufunsidwayo... Zili za mtundu wa Ambystoma mexicanum (Mexico ambistoma), chifukwa chake mutha kuyimba mphutsi iliyonse. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mtundu uwu, komanso tiger ambistoma, timakonda kupatsa neoteny - mawonekedwe amoyo ngati mphutsi yopanda kusintha kwina. M'Chigiriki, "neoteny" kwenikweni amatanthauza "unyamata wotambasula." An amphibian amakhala wamkulu, amatha kubereka ndi kukhala moyo wake wonse ngati mphutsi, womwe umadziwika kuti axolotl. Izi ndichifukwa cha mawonekedwe amachitidwe ake a chithokomiro.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngati mikhalidwe ya mphutsi yasinthidwa, imatha kusintha kukhala munthu wamkulu, kuchokera ku axolotl kukhala ambistoma wamkulu wathunthu.
Mawu oti "axolotl" adatengedwa kuchokera ku Mexico wakale, makamaka, chilankhulo cha Aztec cha Nahuatl. Amakhala ndi mizu iwiri: "atl" - madzi ndi "xolotl" - galu. Nthawi zina dzinali limamasuliridwa kuti "kusangalala m'madzi".
Maonekedwe
Axolotl imawoneka ngati chinjoka chosangalatsa kapena chidole chosazolowereka. Kunja, ndi triton wokhala ndi mutu waukulu, mitsempha yomwe imawonekera panja ngati mawonekedwe a nthambi zitatu zazitali za pubescent. Thupi la salamander limakhala ndi mutu, thunthu ndi mchira. Mafupawa amapangidwa ndi minofu ya cartilaginous, alibe mafupa, makamaka "ofewa" - achinyamata.
Mutu - poyerekeza ndi thupi lokulirapo, lokulirapo mopitilira muyeso, lokulitsidwa. Pakamwa pakatikati komanso mosabisa zimawoneka ngati zikumwetulira nthawi zonse. Imadzibisa yokha, mano owoneka ochepa, koma owoneka bwino - ndi iwo axolotl amangogwira nyama, samapangidwira. Maso ndi ochepa, akuda, owala, ngati mikanda. Mitsempha, yofanana ndi nthambi zanthete, imachokera m'thupi kumbuyo kwa mutu, ndipo mphutsi imatha kuyisuntha ndi kuigwedeza kuti ichotse matendawo omata.
Torso - yopapatiza, yosalala pang'ono, yosalala. Pakatikati pamsana wonse pali lokwera - iyi ndi yomaliza. Ma grooves 16 m'mbali amapatsa triton mawonekedwe "ozungulira". Khungu ndi losalala komanso lofewa. Axolotl ili ndi miyendo iwiri ya miyendo: kutsogolo ili ndi zala zinayi, ndipo pamapazi akumbuyo - 5 iliyonse.
Mchira - Kutalika, kutambalala, kumakhala pafupifupi ¾ la thupi lonse. Khola lomaliza kuyambira kumbuyo limadutsa mpaka kutalika kwake konse. Ndiwothamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimamuthandiza kusambira mwachangu. Pamodzi ndi mchira, mboziyo ili ndi mafinya 50.
Miyeso - Kutalika kwa axolotl kumakhala pakati pa 15 mpaka 30 cm, mphutsi imatha kulemera mpaka 300 g, thupi limakhala ndi girth ya pafupifupi masentimita 12 mpaka 19. Akazi amakhala ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna, amakhala ndi mchira waufupi pang'ono. Amuna akulu akulu omwe amakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 45 adalembedwa.
Zofunika! Mphutsi za ambuye a kambuku zimasiyana ndi za ku Mexico zokha pakamwa pawo mokongola osati thupi losiyanasiyana, losalala, apo ayi ndizofanana.
Mitundu ya Axolotl
Zolengedwa zokongolazi komanso zoseketsa zimatha kutulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi Amayi Achilengedwe. Kujambula kumatengera kuchuluka kwa anthu (kapena mzere wopangidwa mwanzeru), komanso momwe zinthu zimakhalira. Kuphatikizapo chakudya. Axolotls nthawi zambiri amagawika mitundu itatu yamitundu.
- "Zachilengedwe" - wakuda kapena wakuda chabe (imvi, bulauni, bulauni, chithaphwi) mtundu ndi zitsotso. Chitsanzo pa thupi chimatha kukhala chosiyana: chaching'ono, chachikulu, chofanana ndi mauna.
- Oyera, koma osati maalubino - utoto wowoneka bwino utakula umakwaniritsidwa ndi mtundu wamachitidwe kumbuyo. Wamphibiya mwina sangakhale woyera woyera, wamtambo komanso wamtambo wambiri nthawi zambiri amapezeka. Maluwa am'miyala si ofiira, koma pinki wakuya. Maso ndi akuda kapena abulauni.
- "Albs" - wopanda mtundu. Woyera konse, wopanda mawanga kapena mawonekedwe, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira ndi maso. Pakati pa maalubino, palinso mtundu wagolide.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chifukwa cha mitanda, ma axolotls amitundu yosiyanasiyana amapangidwa. Asayansi omwe akuyesera ma GMO apeza mawanga ndi zotupa pathupi pa mphutsi pansi pa nyali ya fulorosenti.
Ma axolotls achilengedwe ndi oyera ndi osiyana kwambiri mitundu ndi mawonekedwe, makamaka omwe adapangidwira kunyumba kapena labotale. M'malo awo achilengedwe, amalamulidwa ndi mitundu yakuda kwambiri, chifukwa anthu owala amakhala pachiwopsezo cha adani ndipo amapulumuka moyipa.
Moyo, machitidwe
Axolotl imatha kupuma m'njira zosiyanasiyana: matumbo, mapapo, kapena khungu. M'madzi oyera, mitsinje imagwira ntchito kwambiri, koma m'malo owonongeka komanso opanda mpweya wabwino, mapapo amayamba kugwira ntchito, ndipo mitsempha imachepa pang'ono. Koma zinthu zikafika pabwino, "nthambi" za gill zimakula. Chilengedwe chapatsa mphutsi mphamvu yokhoza kusinthanso. Ikhoza kubwezeretsa mbali zambiri zotayika za thupi - matumbo, zipsepse, zikono, ziwalo zina zamkati. Amist wamkulu samakhalanso ndi mphamvu yotereyi.
Axolotls amayenda ngati "kugwedeza", kukhazikika kumiyendo yakutsogolo. Koma nimble, mosiyana ndi ambistoma ya nthaka, simungathe kuwatcha iwo, ali odekha komanso osagwira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pamadzi kapena m'madzi, akugwedeza mchira wawo, kapena "kuyimilira" pagawo lamadzi, osakhudza mapazi awo. Nthawi ndi nthawi, "zimbalangondo" zimagwedeza mabungwe awo kuti aziyeretsedwe. Mukadina pa galasi la aquarium, axolotl imayenda pang'onopang'ono.
Utali wamoyo
Kumtchire, amphibiya amakhala zaka pafupifupi 10. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, ma axolotls amasangalatsa eni ake nthawi yayitali, kukhala athanzi mpaka zaka 15-20.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mwachilengedwe, axolotl yakhala mitundu yosowa kwambiri. Amadziwika kuti ndi ovuta chifukwa amakhala mokhazikika m'madzi awiri am'mapiri ku Mexico - Cholco ndi Xochimailco, ku Mexico City, pamtunda wopitilira 2 zikwi mita kupitirira nyanja. Kumeneko Aaziteki nthawi ina adakhazikitsa zilumba zotchedwa "chinampas", ndipo lero amakula mitundu yokongola yazomera. Kuthiriridwa bwino, zilumba izi ndi ngalande pakati pawo ndizosavuta kwa ma axolotls ndi ambist wamkulu, chifukwa chake amaberekanso kumeneko.
Kusunga axolotl kunyumba
Kuyambira mkatikati mwa zaka za zana la 19, amphibiya okongola akhala akuweta mwachangu anthu okonda masewera ndi osonkhetsa. Kuzisunga mu ukapolo sizovuta, zimaswana bwino, ndizodzikongoletsa pamikhalidwe ndi chakudya, sizimavutikira ndi machitidwe awo, chifukwa chake ndizodziwika bwino ngati ziweto.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuyesera zakubwezeretsanso kwa minofu kunachitika pa ma axolotls, kotero ambiri mwa iwo adaleredwa ngati nyama zasayansi.
Zosankha zam'madzi a Aquarium
Kukula kwa aquarium kumadalira kuchuluka kwa nsomba zomwe mukufuna kusunga.... Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi zotengera zapadera pa axolotl iliyonse, chifukwa ma salamanders akuluakulu amasokonezana, makamaka ngati ali azaka zosiyana. Mwamuna "wokonzeka" atha kukhumudwitsa wachinyamata wa axolotl, kumuvulaza kapena kumudya.
Zofunika! Anthu amitundu yosiyana sangasungidwe limodzi. Ma axolotls okha azaka zofanana ndi magawo omwe amatha kukhala limodzi, amayenera kukhala otakata.
Achinyamata awiri amatha kusungidwa limodzi mu chidebe cha 50 l, koma akamakula, malowa ayenera kupatsidwa kwa aliyense wa iwo, ndipo ndibwino kuti asamangokhala ndi mphutsi zingapo mumchere wamadzi wa 80-100 l.
Zipangizo za Aquarium
"Tritonchik" sichingangoyikidwa m'madzi. Ndikofunikira kupereka chilengedwe chachilengedwe mu aquarium. A axolotl sangakhale popanda dothi, malo ambiri okhala, mowala. Ndiye kodi mwiniwake wachikondi ayenera kusamalira chiyani?
Kuyambitsa
Zokakamiza, monga salamanders amasuntha zikono zawo ndikumamatira. Popanda nthaka, amakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse, ndipo mawoko awo amatha kudzazidwa ndi zilonda. Miyala yaying'ono ndi miyala, komanso mchenga, sizomwe mungasankhe bwino, ma axolotls amatha kuwameza, kuposa kuyambitsa mavuto am'mimba. Tengani mwala womwe sungakwane pakamwa pa axolotl.
Mahema
Sipadzangopanga malo omasuka kwa chiweto, komanso kupatsanso aquarium mawonekedwe okongoletsa. Chiwerengero cha "nyumba" chikuyenera kukhala chochulukirapo kuposa chiwerengero chonse cha aquarium, mphutsi iliyonse iyenera kusankha. Onetsetsani kuti zinthu zomwe zili m'nyanjayi sizikhala ndi m'mbali mwake, zosweka, chifukwa khungu la "Mexico" ndilosakhwima. Mutha kuyika mu aquarium:
- nkhuni;
- nyumba zadothi ndi mafano;
- miyala yamitundu yosiyana;
- mabwalo;
- miphika;
- magawo a kokonati, ndi zina zambiri.
Malo ogona
Pewani kuyika aquarium m'malo owala kwambiri, komanso pafupi ndi magwero a phokoso (kompyuta, TV). Nyali siyofunika pa aquarium: awa ndi usiku wa amphibians, amakonda mdima.
Zofunikira zamadzi
Kuyeretsa kwamadzi ndikofunikira, koma osati kofunikira kwa ma axolotls... Kuphatikiza apo, zosefera zamphamvu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mosalekeza ndizowopsa. Ndi bwino kusankha kusefera fyuluta yamkati ndi mkati mwake, yomwe imapangitsa kuyenda pang'ono kwa madzi. Zachidziwikire, ndikofunikira kuti madzi am'madzi azikhala oyera, kuchotsa zinyalala sabata iliyonse, kuwonjezera madzi abwino. Kusintha kwathunthu sikungafunike miyezi 3-4 isanakwane.
Zofunika!Kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri: okhala m'mapiri a Alpine, mphutsi sizilekerera madzi ofunda. Ngakhale madigiri 21 Celsius amakhala ofunda kale kwa iwo, ngati madzi awotcha kwambiri, ndi owopsa: atha kudwala kwambiri ndikufa.
Onetsetsani kuti mukukonzekeretsa aquarium ndi thermometer: kayendedwe kabwino ka kutentha kakuchokera pa madigiri 13 mpaka 20. Chipindacho chikatentha, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti muziziziritse (ngati mwadzidzidzi, ingoikani botolo la madzi oundana m'madzi ndikusintha munthawi yake). Mutha kusintha malo okhala ma axolotls m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena chapansi m'nyengo yotentha.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Ngati axolotl poyambapo amakhala bwino, kuwasamalira kumakhala kovuta. Zimafika pakudyetsa, kuyeretsa mlungu uliwonse aquarium kuchokera ku zinyalala za chakudya, kusamalira kutentha kwa madzi.
Ngati mukufuna kumuika munthu mu chidebe china, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito khoka lofewa ndikuchita modekha, chifukwa mphutsi zilibe mafupa. Pofuna kupewa "zimbalangondo" kuti zisalimbane, ziyenera kukhala zodyetsedwa bwino, koma sizoyeneranso kuzidyetsa. Pofuna kubereka kapena kumaliza kusintha kwa zinthu, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu, zomwe tikambirana pansipa.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zakudya
Mofanana ndi amphibiya onse, mphutsi za ambistoma ndizodya, choncho ndibwino kuti muzidyetsa chakudya chamoyo - magazi a magazi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nsomba zam'madzi.
Zofunika! Simukuyenera kupitirira muyeso, chifukwa mphutsi zamagazi zosadyedwa nthawi zimakhudza kwambiri kuyera kwa madzi.
Ngati mulibe nyongolotsi yamagazi, mutha kupereka ziphuphu za axolotls, tizidutswa tating'onoting'ono ta nsomba zosaphika, nkhanu, mamazelo, tizilombo tomwe mulibe mapiko. Muyenera kudya ndi mtundu uwu wa chakudya, chifukwa palibe chifukwa choponyera m'madzi, chifukwa mbozi imafuna kuyenda. Ndikololedwa kupereka mphutsi zodyedwa za nsomba zolusa, zomwe zimatsika pang'onopang'ono, kuti nyamayo izikhala ndi nthawi yolanda chakudya isanamire. Osadyetsa nyama yoyamwitsa ku ma axolotls: m'mimba mwa amphibian sichitha kuyigaya.
Ngati chakudyacho chagwera pansi, mutha kuchichotsa bwinobwino: "zimbalangondo" sizidzatha kuziwona, chifukwa maso awo amangoyang'ana m'mwamba. Tsukani msanga kuti chakudya chisasokoneze madzi. Ngati chakudyacho sichikhala ndi moyo, muyenera kudyetsa chiweto kapena zokometsera. Imagwiritsa ntchito nsagwada zake kuti igwire nyama yamoyo, kenako "imayiyamwa" mkamwa mayo yayikulu ndikuyimeza yonse, kotero kuti pafupipafupi kudyetsa ma axolotls kamodzi kamodzi pamasiku atatu kuti chakudya chikhale ndi nthawi yokumba. Mphutsi yokha siyisiya kudya kuti adzagwiritse ntchito mtsogolo, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti muzisunga chakudya chokwanira. Ngati axolotl sadyetsedwa kwa masabata 2-3, mwina, palibe choyipa chomwe chingachitike kwa iyo, ndiyolimba mtima.
Kubala kwa axolotl
Zimaswana bwino ukapolo. Kuti musiyanitse wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, muyenera kutembenuza mphutsi ndikuyang'ana dera la cloaca: mwa mwamuna imadziwika kwambiri, ngati yotupa, yotupa. Amuna alibe chilichonse chamtunduwo, kupatula apo, ali otakata kwambiri kuposa amuna. Kuyamba kwa nyengo yokwanira ya ma axolotls ndikusintha kwamadzi otentha, omwe. Kutentha kwake pang'ono ndikuchepa kwa kuwunikira. Izi zitha kupezeka mosavuta nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Ndizosangalatsa! Musanakonzekere kuswana, sungani anthuwa motalikirana wina ndi mnzake kwa masiku angapo kutentha pang'ono, pafupifupi madigiri 10, pafupifupi theka lanjala, kenako muwaike pamadzi otentha kuposa madigiri 18.
Mwambo wokwatirana, wamwamuna amafunika malo - iyi ndi mfundo ina yam'madzi ambiri amchere. Amuna amatulutsa umuna, ndipo wamkazi amaikira mazira osasakanizidwa kapena amakoka ndi chipolopolo chake. Pambuyo pamaola 18-30 pambuyo pa umuna, adzapachika mazira pazomera zam'madzi kapena zinthu zopangira, pambuyo pake amunawo ayenera kuchotsedwa pa aquarium kuti asadye zowalamulira, ndikusunga madzi pang'ono - madigiri 20-21. Mazirawo akakhala oyera kapena otuwa, amayenera kuchotsedwa kuti asatenge mazira oyenera.
Pakadutsa milungu 2-3, mwachangu ngati nsomba amaswa kuchokera m'mazira ofanana ndi nandolo... Zili zazitali masentimita awiri, zopanda zingwe, zomwe sizingamere nthawi yomweyo: miyendo yakumbuyo sabata limodzi, ndi yakutsogolo pakatha miyezi itatu. Zitsamba ziyenera kudyetsedwa koyamba ndi ma ciliates, kenako ndi daphnia, timagulu tating'onoting'ono ta magazi, chakudya chapadera cha mwachangu pamlingo wa 1: 4 wamlingo waukulu, ndipo akamakula, amapita kuchakudya chachikulire. Madzi a mazira ndi mwachangu ayenera kukhala oyera, osintha tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kubwereza kutsekemera kwa mkazi kumatha kuchitika pasanathe miyezi iwiri (mpaka 2-3 pachaka), ndipo yamwamuna imatha kukhala sire nthawi zambiri. Axolotls amakhala okhwima pakadutsa miyezi 10-11, koma kubereka kwawo kwabwino kwambiri ali ndi zaka 2-3. Anthu okalamba kuposa zaka 6 amabereka moyipa kwambiri.
Kugwirizana ndi nsomba zina
Akatswiri ambiri samalimbikitsa kubzala mphutsi za ambistoma ndi nsomba zina zam'madzi. Anthu ochepa okhala m'madzi a m'nyanjayi adzakhala nyama ya amphibians, ndipo zikuluzikuluzo zidzawaukira iwowo, ndipo adzawopseza zolengedwa zazing'onozo. Akamba ndi nyama zina zam'madzi nawonso sizomwe zimayandikana nawo chifukwa chazakudya zosagwirizana komanso kuchitirana nkhanza. Anthu aku Mexico ali ndi matenda wamba omwe ali ndi achule odulidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwamadzi kosiyanasiyana ndikwabwino kwa nsomba ndi "zimbalangondo zamadzi".
Chokhacho ndi nsomba zagolide: ndizokwanira kuti axolotl asadye, ndiyeno, amakonda madzi ozizira. Chinthu chachikulu ndikudyetsa iwo ndi ena bwino kuti tipewe ngakhale kuyesa kuukira.
Gulani axolotl, mtengo
Mphutsi za Ambistoma zitha kugulidwa popanda vuto lililonse m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto komanso kwa akatswiri omwe amachita kuberekana. Axolotls amaperekedwanso kuti mugule pa intaneti. M'gawo la dziko lathu, mu 80% ya milandu, mutha kugula "chinjoka" chaku Mexico, ma ambistomas akambuku samadziwika kwenikweni. Mtengo wa 1 axolotl umayamba ndi ma ruble 400.
Ndemanga za eni
Anthu omwe atenga "aksiks" amazindikira kukhazikika kwawo komanso kuwalimbikitsa... Ziweto zimaloleza kuti zisisitidwe. Eni ake akuti ndi anzeru komanso anzeru, amazindikira omwe amawadyetsa, amaweta. Muyenera kusamala kwambiri mukamanyamula nyama yonyenga, chifukwa mafupa osakhwima amatha kuwonongeka mosavuta. Ngati axolotl ikuwopa, imatha kugwira munthu ndi chala chake, koma izi sizipweteka ndipo zilibe vuto lililonse.Kusunga ma amphibian ndi osangalatsa osati ovuta.
