Dokowe adatchulidwira dzina lawo, lomwe limawoneka ngati dzina lakusewera, chifukwa cha milomo yawo yotseguka. Mlomo wowongoka umalumikizana ndi milomo yokhota kumapeto kokha / koyambira, ndipo pakati kusiyana pakati pawo kumafika 0,6 cm.
Kufotokozera za storks
Mtundu wa Anastomus umaimiridwa ndi mitundu iwiri - Anastomus lamelligerus (African razin stork) ndi Anastomus oscitans (Indian razin stork), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti gongal. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo kumatha kupezeka mdera ndi kunja.
Maonekedwe
Dokowe ndi ovuta kusokoneza ndi mbalame zina chifukwa cha miyendo yawo yayitali yofiira komanso milomo yayitali.... Ma dimorphism ogonana samasindikizidwa pa mawonekedwe (ngakhale akazi amakhala ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna), koma amadziwonekera nthawi yakukopana. Mitundu yonse iwiri ya Anastomus ndiyapakatikati, yotambasula makilogalamu 3-5 ndi kutalika kwa 0,8-0.9 m komanso kutalika kwa mita 1.5 ndi mapiko otambalala.
Zofunika! Dokowe wa ku Africa Razin amasiyana ndi waku India wokhala ndi nthenga zakuda (pafupifupi zakuda), zowonetsa ma bulauni, obiriwira komanso ofiira.
Dokowe wamwenye amakhala wamitundu yoyera (kuyambira yoyera mpaka siliva), mosiyana ndi nthenga zakuda kumchira / mapiko ndi mlomo wachikasu. Mchira ndi wozungulira komanso wofupikitsa, miyendoyo ili pafupifupi maliseche (pali nthenga zokha pamwamba), zala zazitali zilibe nembanemba. Maluuni achichepere ndi osavuta kupeza ndi nthenga zawo zofiirira, zomwe sizimapezeka mbalame zazikulu.
Moyo
Izi ndi mbalame zamtundu wina, zomwe zimakonda kukhala m'madera osati kokha ndi adokowe ena, komanso ndi mbalame zam'madzi zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, ntchentche. Madera akulu mbalame amathandiza kwambiri poteteza adani, zomwe ndi zomwe anapiye amafunikira makamaka. Nthawi zambiri, adokowe amamanga zisa zawo mumitengo yakutchire, koma kufupi ndi gombe.
Gulu la adokowe ali ndi zisa zopitilira 150 mita, zomangidwa pamakwerero apamwamba kwambiri kuti mbalame zokoma zizikhazikika pansi. Kusamvana kumathandizira kuyanjana bwino: adokowe samalowa m'mabanja amnyumba ndipo samakangana ndi mbalame zina. Storks amakhala pafupi ndi njuchi, akuuluka 1-1.5 km kuchokera pamenepo kuti angofunafuna chakudya. Amawuluka mwachangu, molimba mtima akugwedeza mapiko awo ndikusinthira kutsetsereka ngati kupumula kumachedwa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Dokowe sakonda malo pomwe pali mafunde amphamvu ampweya - pachifukwa ichi sangaoneke akuuluka pamwamba panyanja.
Njira yolumikizirana ndi adokowe ndikudina pakamwa pawo. Anapiye awo okha ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawu: posonyeza kusakhutira, amadzaza mwamwano kapena kumata ngati amphaka.
Utali wamoyo
Amakhulupirira kuti moyo wa dokowe umadalira mtundu wake komanso momwe amakhalira.... Zomwe zimachitika sizikusintha - mu ukapolo, mbalame zimakhala kawiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira mwachilengedwe. Pomwe m'malo awo achizolowezi, adokowe a Razini samakhala ndi moyo zaka 18-20, m'malo osungira nyama ndi zaka 40 mpaka 45.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mitundu yonse iwiri ya adokowe imakhala komwe kuli madzi. Mtundu waku India umakwirira madera otentha aku South Asia ndi Southeast Asia, kuphatikiza mayiko monga:
- India ndi Nepal;
- Thailand;
- Bangladesh;
- Pakistan;
- Sri Lanka
- Cambodia ndi Myanmar;
- Laos ndi Vietnam.
Gongal amasankha madambo, kuphatikiza minda yodzaza madzi (komwe kumalimidwa mpunga), madambo osaya ndi nyanja zamchere zokhala ndi madzi osanjikiza masentimita 10-50. Madera osefukirawa nthawi zambiri amakhala pamtunda wa 0.4-1, 1 km pamwamba pa nyanja.
Zofunika! Dokowe wa ku Africa Razin wagawika m'magulu awiri, lililonse lili ndi mitundu yake.
Anastomus lamelligerus lamelligerus adakhazikika ku Africa - kumwera kwa Sahara komanso kumpoto kwa Southern Tropic. Ma subspecies abwino kwambiri (Anastomus lamelligerus madagaskarensis) zisa kumadzulo kwa Madagascar. African Razin dokowe imakonda madera otentha okhala ndi madambo, mitsinje ndi nyanja, madera osefukira komanso madambo amvula. Dokowe ngati malo odyetserako udzu waufupi, koma sakonda mabango osadutsa ndi zitsamba. Komanso, mitundu yonse ya Anastomus imayesa kukhazikika kutali ndi malo okhala anthu.
Zakudya zam'madzi za Razin
Pofunafuna chakudya, mbalame zimayendayenda m'mphepete mwa madzi kapena zimakhazikika m'madzi osaya, kumapewa madzi akuya, chifukwa sangathe kusambira. Mosiyana ndi mphalapala, amene amayendetsa nyama yake mosadukiza, adokowe amakakamizidwa kuyenda m'mbali mwa chakudya. Mukawona chinthu choyenera, mbalameyo imaponyera khosi lake patsogolo, ndikuigunda ndi mlomo ndipo nthawi yomweyo imameza. Wovutitsidwayo akufuna kuthawa, dokowe amalondola, ndikumugwira ndi mulomo wake wautali.
Zakudya za gongal zimaphatikizapo nyama zambiri zokwawa komanso zosambira:
- nkhono ndi nkhanu;
- nkhono;
- nyongolotsi zam'madzi;
- achule;
- njoka ndi abuluzi;
- nsomba;
- tizilombo.
Gongalayo imameza nyamayo yonse, kupatula nkhanu: mbalameyi imagwetsa chipolopolo chake ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kuti itenge zamkati zokoma pamenepo. Pafupifupi mitundu yofananira (yamadzi ndi yapadziko lapansi) imagwera patebulo la dokowe wa ku Africa:
- ampullaria (nkhono zazikulu zamadzi oyera);
- zotupa m'mimba;
- bivalve;
- nkhanu ndi nsomba;
- achule;
- nyongolotsi zam'madzi;
- tizilombo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Dokowe wa ku Africa nthawi zambiri amakhala bwenzi la mvuu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti apeze chakudya potulutsa nthaka yakunyanja ndi zikoka zawo zolemera.
Adani achilengedwe
Adokowe achikulire alibe adani achilengedwe, omwe mbalame ziyenera kuyamika mulomo wawo wamphamvu komanso zomanga zake. Mbalame zodya nyama siziika pangozi mbalame zazikulu ndi zamphamvu.
Akolowe a Razin amapulumutsidwa kuchokera kuzilombo zolusa ndi zisa zokonzedwa pamwamba pamitengo, pomwe amphaka akulu okhawo amatha kupita. Otetezeka kwambiri patsogolo pawo si adokowe akuluakulu monga anapiye awo, amenenso amasakidwa ndi mitundu ina ya weasel.
Kubereka ndi ana
Masewera okondana a zisamba adayamba kuyambira Juni mpaka Disembala, kufika pachimake m'nyengo yamvula, yomwe imadziwika ndi mvula yambiri... Stork amakonda kukhala ndi mkazi m'modzi yekha ndipo samakonda kupanga mitala. Pakukondana, amuna amakhala ndiukali wosasamala, amasankha malo ena, amateteza chisa chawo ndipo amakalipira omwe akupikisana nawo. Njira ina imagwiranso ntchito kwa akazi.
Kukopa mkwatibwi, mkwati mosinthana amachita ngati wogulitsa nyumba komanso womanga - amamuwonetsa zisa zokhala ndi ma juggles okhala ndi zida zomwe ali nazo. Wopambana ndi dokowe, yemwe wasonyeza nyumba yabwino kwambiri komanso luso la zomangamanga. Akokowe angapo nthawi zambiri amakhala pamalo amodzi, omwe amachita chimodzimodzi pomanga zisa, kuteteza makola ndi kusamalira ana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Polygyny yomwe imawonedwa ndi adokowe cholinga chake ndi kupulumuka kwa mtundu wonsewo ndipo zatsimikizira kuti ndizothandiza kuswana, kudyetsa ndi kuteteza anapiye. M'magulu, polyandry imapezekanso, pomwe wamwamuna amakhala membala wachitatu wa okwatirana okhaokha kapena atenga malo a mkazi wake wakale.
Pokonda kwambiri, adokowe amauluka awiriawiri (nthawi zambiri mbalame imodzi imawulukira kumtunda), kenako amakhala limodzi panthambi kuti ipumule. Pokonda, amatha kukwiya mwadzidzidzi ndikumenya mnzake ndi milomo yawo. Zingwe nthawi zambiri zimayamba kumanga chisa (kuchokera ku udzu, zimayambira, masamba ndi nthambi) pambuyo poti agonana bwino, ndipo kusonkhanitsa zida zomangira kumagwera pamapewa a abambo amtsogolo.
Pakugawana koteroko, akazi amateteza mphamvu zawo ndikusunga kunenepa komwe amafunikira akamaswa ana. Mwa zowalamulira, monga lamulo, mazira 2 mpaka 6, omwe amasungidwa ndi makolo onse: wamkazi - usiku, ndi wamwamuna - masana. Anapiye amabadwa akhungu, koma amatha kuona pambuyo pa maola ochepa. Ana obadwa kumene amakhala okutidwa pansi, omwe amasinthidwa ndi sekondale pambuyo pakatha sabata.
Adokowe amayesetsa kuimirira patatha milungu ingapo: amadziwa luso limeneli kwa masiku khumi, kenako amalimba molimba miyendo yawo yayitali. Zaka khumi zikubwerazi amapita kukawona kuyimitsidwa kwamiyendo imodzi. Makolo onsewa amadyetsa ana okhwima, osinthasintha ndege. Kuphatikiza apo, udindo wa abambo ndikuphatikizapo kukonzanso chisa, chomwe chikuwonongedwa ndi ana omwe akukula. Masiku 70 amadutsa ndipo achichepere amasiya chisa chawo. Adokowe achichepere amayamba kudzipangira okha asanafike zaka ziwiri, koma makamaka zaka 3-4.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Razin dokowe, ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zolumikizana ndi madambo, amadziwika kuti ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, adokowe a ku Asia amatulutsa ndowe zokhala ndi phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni, zomwe zimakhala ngati feteleza wabwino kuzomera zonse zam'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu uwu wa dokowe umapulumutsa mpunga mwa kuwononga nkhono zam'madzi zomwe zimawononga malo olima mpunga. Mimbulu yomweyi ikuwonongedwa ndi opha nyama mosakonzeka omwe amakolola mazira awo / nyama ndikugulitsa zokoma izi pamtengo wabwino m'misika yakomweko.
Zofunika! M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchepa kwa anthu okhala ku Razini omwe amakhala ku Madagascar (subspecies "A.l. madagascariensis"). Olakwawo ndi anthu okhala m'mudzimo omwe akuwononga madera a mbalame.
Dokowe wa ku Africa Razin amadziwika (ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature) ngati mitundu yosavomerezeka kwenikweni. Zambiri mwa mbalamezi zimaphedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amaipitsa malo awo achisa.... Njira zotetezera mapesi a nyemba ndizosavuta - ndikofunikira kuti mbalamezo zizikhala ndi malo abwino okhala ndi malo odyetserako ziweto (madambo / mayiwe).
