Murasheed - dzina lolembedwa ku Russia lotchedwa marsupial anteater (kapena nambat) likuwonetseratu tanthauzo la nyama yaying'ono yaku Australia iyi, kudya nyerere ndi chiswe masauzande ambiri.
Kufotokozera kwa nambat
Kulemba koyamba kwa marsupial anteater (1836) ndi kwa katswiri wazamaphunziro ku England a George Robert Waterhouse. Wodya nyamayo ndi wa mtundu womwewo ndi banja lofananalo, Myrmecobiidae, ndipo, ndi utoto woyambirira, amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinyalala zokongola kwambiri ku Australia.
Ngakhale nambat yayikulu kwambiri imalemera kupitirira theka la kilogalamu yokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 20-30 cm (mchira ndi wofanana ndi 2/3 wa kutalika kwa thupi). Amuna mwamwambo amakhala akulu kuposa akazi.
Maonekedwe
Chodziwika kwambiri cha nambata ndi lilime lowonda komanso lalitali masentimita 10 lomwe limawoneka ngati nyongolotsi... Ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso opindika (panthawi yosaka chiswe) m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso mbali zonse.
Nyamayo ili ndi mutu wophwatalala wokhala ndi makutu ozunguliridwa akumata m'mwamba ndi mkamwa wonyezimira, maso akulu ozungulira ndi kamwa pang'ono. Nambat ili ndi mano makumi asanu ofooka, ang'onoang'ono komanso osakanikirana (osapitilira 52): ma molars akumanzere ndi kumanja nthawi zambiri amasiyana m'lifupi / kutalika.
Chowunikanso china chomwe chimapangitsa kuti nyamayo igwirizane ndi malilime onse (armadillos ndi pangolins) ndi mkamwa wolimba. Amayi ali ndi mawere anayi, koma alibe thumba la ana, lomwe limalowetsedwa ndi munda wamkaka, wokhala ndi tsitsi lopotana. Zotsogola zimapuma pa zala zazala zazitali zisanu ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa, miyendo yakumbuyo imagona yazala zinayi.
Mchira wake ndi wautali, koma osati wapamwamba ngati wa agologolo: nthawi zambiri umaloza m'mwamba, ndipo nsonga yake imakhala yopindika pang'ono kumbuyo. Chovalacho ndi chakuda komanso choluka, ndi mikwingwirima 6-12 yoyera / kirimu kumbuyo ndi ntchafu. Mimba ndi ziwalo zajambulidwa ndi ocher kapena matayala achikasu oyera, mphuno imadutsika kuchokera mbali ndi mzere wakuda wakuda womwe umayambira pamphuno mpaka khutu (kudzera m'maso).
Moyo
Marsupial anteater ndimunthu payekha wokhala ndi malo azakudya zake mpaka mahekitala 150. Nyama imakonda kutentha ndi kutonthozeka, chifukwa chake imadzaza dzenje / masamba ake, makungwa ofewa ndi udzu wouma kuti igone bwino usiku.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kugona kwa nambat ndikofanana ndi makanema oimitsidwa - amagwera mu tulo tofa nato mozama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama yosaka nyama ikhale yosavuta. Amati nthawi zambiri anthu amawotcha ma nambat omwe amagona m'nkhalango zakufa, osadziwa kupezeka kwawo.
M'nyengo yozizira, kufunafuna chakudya kumatenga pafupifupi maola 4, kuyambira m'mawa mpaka masana, ndipo nthawi yotentha, ma nambat amakhala ndi zochitika zakumadzulo zoyambitsidwa ndi kutentha kwadothi komanso kuchoka kwa tizilombo kutali.
Maola odyetsa nthawi yozizira amayambitsanso kufooka kwa zikhadabo za nambat, zomwe sizidziwa kutsegulira (mosiyana ndi echidna, malo ena owonererako ndi aardvark) chiswe. Koma chiswe chikangochoka m'nyumba zawo, zikumapezeka kuti zili pansi pa khungwa kapena m'mabwalo a pansi pa nthaka, amadya tsekwe amatha kuwafikira ndi lilime loloza.
Nambat ikadzuka, imakhala yotopetsa komanso yothamanga, imakwera mitengo bwino, koma ikafuna ngozi imabisala... Ikagwidwa, siyiluma kapena kukanda, posonyeza kusakhutira ndi kung'ung'udza kapena likhweru. Ali mu ukapolo, amakhala mpaka zaka 6, kuthengo, mwina, amakhala pang'ono.
Nambat subspecies
Pakadali pano, ma subspecies awiri a marsupial anteater amagawidwa:
- nambat yakumadzulo - Myrmecobius fasciatus fasciatus;
- wofiira (kum'mawa) nambat - Myrmecobius fasciatus rufus.
Mitunduyi imasiyana mosiyana kwambiri ndi malo okhalamo, monga mtundu wa malaya: ma nambats akummawa ali ndi utoto wowoneka bwino kuposa anzawo akumadzulo.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Asanafike atsamunda aku Europe, mbalame yotchedwa marsupial anteater idakhala ku South ndi Western Australia, m'malo omwe ali pakati pa New South Wales / Victoria ndi gombe la Indian Ocean. Kumpoto, mtundawu udafikira madera akumwera chakumadzulo kwa Northern Territory. Okhazikika omwe adabweretsa agalu, amphaka ndi nkhandwe adakhudza kuchepa kwa ziweto zam'madzi ndi mitundu yawo.
Masiku ano, nambat idatsalira kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Western Australia (anthu awiri ku Perup ndi Dryandra) komanso mwa anthu 6 obwezeretsanso, anayi mwa iwo ali ku Western Australia ndipo m'modzi ku New South Wales ndi South Australia. Mbalame yotchedwa marsupial anteater imakhala kwambiri m'nkhalango zowuma, komanso nkhalango za mthethe ndi bulugamu.
Zakudya za nyama yozizira
Nambata amatchedwa marsupial yekhayo amene amasankha tizilombo tokha (chiswe ndi, pang'ono pang'ono, nyerere). Tinyama tina tating'onoting'ono timathera patebulo lake mwangozi. Akuyerekeza kuti omwe amadya tsekwe amadya chiswe mpaka 20,000 patsiku, zomwe ndi pafupifupi 10% za kulemera kwake.
Amasaka tizilombo mothandizidwa ndi kuzindikira kwake, kuthyola nthaka pamwamba pa njira zawo kapena kung'amba makungwa. Dzenje lomwe limatulukiralo ndilokwanira kutsekemera kwakuthwa ndi lilime longa nyongolotsi lomwe limalowa m'malo othina komanso odabwitsa kwambiri. Nambat imameza omenyerawo kwathunthu, nthawi zina amavutitsa kutafuna mamina.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ndikudya, nyama yotchedwa marsupial anteater amaiwala chilichonse padziko lapansi. Owona akuti nyama, atanyamulidwa ndi chakudyacho, atha kumenyedwa komanso kutengedwa m'manja mwake - sangazindikire izi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Chizoloŵezi cha odyera tsekwe chimayamba mu Januware, koma kale mu Seputembala, amuna amayamba kupanga chinsinsi cha bulauni chomwe chimathandiza kukonza msonkhano ndi wamkazi. Ma estrus azimayi ndi achidule kwambiri ndipo amatenga masiku ochepa, chifukwa akuyenera kudziwa kuti pali mnzake pafupi, wokonzeka kukwatirana. Pazifukwa izi, chinsinsi chachimuna chonunkhira chimafunika, chimasiyidwa ndi champhongo pamalo aliwonse abwino, kuphatikiza pansi.
Ngati tsikuli lidachitika ndikumaliza ndi umuna, patatha milungu iwiri mnzakeyo amabereka 2-4 wamaliseche, wowala "pinki" wonyezimira "wamtali wa 1 cm. Amaliseche awa amayenera kuganiza mwachangu ndikupeza mawere amawo mwa iwo okha. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsitsa mawere ndi ubweya mwamphamvu kwambiri, popeza timakumbukira kuti ma nambat alibe matumba achikopa.
Amphaka amakhala mumunda wamkaka wa mayiyo pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, pambuyo pake amayamba kudziwa bwino malo ozungulira, makamaka, dzenje kapena dzenje. Mkazi amadyetsa ana usiku, ndipo kale mu Seputembara amayesetsa kusiya malo ogona nthawi ndi nthawi.
Chiswe chimaphatikizidwa mkaka wa amayi mu Okutobala, ndipo mu Disembala, ana, omwe amatenga miyezi 9, pamapeto pake amasiya mayi ndi burrow.... Kubereketsa mu nyama yotchedwa marsupial anteater nthawi zambiri kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo.
Adani achilengedwe
Evolution yatsimikizira kuti nyama zamtchire zimasinthidwa kukhala ndi moyo kuposa ma marsupials ndipo nthawi zonse zimawachotsera kumapeto kwa madera omwe agonjetsedwa. Fanizo lomveka bwino la thesis ndi nkhani ya marsupial anteater, yomwe mpaka zaka za 19th sinadziwe mpikisano uliwonse mdziko lakwawo ku Australia.
Ndizosangalatsa! Osamukira ku Europe adabwera ndi amphaka ndi agalu (ena mwa iwo adasokonekera), komanso nkhandwe zofiira. Nyama zotumizidwa kunja, limodzi ndi mbalame zachilengedwe zakutchire ndi agalu amtchire, zathandizira kwambiri kutha kwa nambat.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amatchula zinthu zingapo zomwe zafooketsa mtundu wa zamoyozo, ndikuzisiya ndi mwayi woti zipulumuke:
- kuchepa kwa chakudya;
- Kutenga nthawi yayitali;
- kukula kwachinyamata;
- zakuya, zofanana ndi makanema ojambula, kugona;
- ntchito masana;
- kulepheretsa chibadwa chodzitchinjiriza mukamadyetsa.
Kuwonongeka kwa nyama zolusa zomwe zidatumizidwa kunja kunali kofulumira komanso padziko lonse lapansi kotero kuti omwe adya tsekwe adayamba kupezeka mdziko lonselo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Ndi omwe adadyetsa omwe amadziwika kuti ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwakukulu kwa anthu a nambat.... Ankhandwe ofiira afafanizira kuchuluka kwa nyama zam'madzi ku South Australia, Victoria ndi Northern Territory, kupulumutsa anthu ochepa pafupi ndi Perth.
Chifukwa chachiwiri chotsika chinali chitukuko chachuma chamalo, pomwe Nambats amakhala nthawi zonse. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 70 zam'zaka zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa nyama zam'madzi zotchedwa marsupial anteater kunkawoneka kuti ndi ochepera pamitu 1,000.
Zofunika! Akuluakulu aku Australia adakumana ndi vuto lakuchepa kwa anthu. Njira zodzitetezera zidapangidwa, adaganiza zothana nkhandwe, ndipo ntchito idayambiranso kubwezeretsanso nyama yotchedwa marsupial anteater.
Tsopano ogwira ntchito ku Sterling Range, malo osungira zachilengedwe ku Australia, akuchita nawo nambats. Komabe, nambat idalembedwabe pamasamba a International Red Data Book ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi.
