Ngati tikulankhula za matenda monga matenda a shuga mu galu, ziyenera kumveka kuti matendawa si chigamulo, koma zimakhudza kusintha kwakukulu pamakhalidwe a wodwalayo.
Kufotokozera za matenda
Ndi matenda amadzimadzi omwe shuga / shuga imakwera (nthawi zambiri kufika pamlingo wovuta) m'malo mozama, kupatsa thupi mphamvu zomwe amafunikira. Njala ya zakabohydrate imayamba, nthawi zambiri imabweretsa kufooka kwakukulu.
Matenda ashuga amadziwika ndi chochitika chimodzi kapena ziwiri:
- kapamba amatulutsa insulini yokwanira kapena yopanda insulin;
- Maselo amakana kulandira insulini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asatengere shuga.
Pali mitundu 4 ya matenda ashuga:
- Wodalira insulin (mtundu 1)... Zimayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwathunthu kwa insulin, komwe kapangidwe kake kamasiya. Oposa 90% agalu okhudzidwa ali ndi matenda amtunduwu (omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zotupa zamagulu kapena majini oyipa).
- Odziimira insulin (mitundu iwiri)... Glucose m'magazi imakhalanso yochulukirapo chifukwa chokana thupi kuti lizindikire insulini yake (yabwinobwino kapena yochepetsedwa). Matendawa, ngati atayambitsidwa kapena kuthandizidwa molakwika, amawopseza kuti asanduke matenda amtundu woyamba. Maselo amatopa ndikupanga mahomoni osadziwika, amatopa ndikusiya kugwira ntchito.
- Chosakhalitsa (sekondale). Amadziwika motsutsana ndi matenda oyamba, mwachitsanzo, kapamba (osati kokha) kapena atalandira chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali ndi glucocorticoids / progestogens. Matenda a shuga amachiritsidwa kwathunthu pamene matenda oyamba amachotsedwa.
- Gestational (mtundu 4). Zotheka kokha m'matumba apakati a diestrus (kumapeto kwa estrus) kapena kumapeto kwa bere. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, ma progeserone ndi mahomoni okula amakhudza kukhudzidwa kwa glucose ndi insulin. Kuphwanya kumeneku kumakhazikika pakubereka kokha kapena kumakonzedwa mosavuta pamlingo woyenera.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga mu galu
Mwini chiweto ayenera kulabadira zizindikilo 4 zoyambira zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga:
- polydipsia (ludzu ludzu) - galu pafupifupi samasiya akumwa, ndi malovu ndi yomata ndi viscous;
- polyphagia (kudya mopitirira muyeso, kusandulika kususuka) - chiweto sichimadzaza ndi gawo limodzi, chimayamwa mwachangu ndikupempha chowonjezera;
- polyuria (wambiri komanso kukodza pafupipafupi) - galu nthawi zambiri amafunsa pabwalo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumawonjezeka kwambiri;
- kuchepa thupi mpaka kutopa - nthiti za nyama zimawonekera ndipo mimba imagwa.
Zofunika! Ngati zizindikiro zonse zinayi zilipo, muyenera kupita kuchipatala, komwe kukayikira kwanu kukatsimikiziridwa kapena kukanidwa poyesa mkodzo / magazi. Zina zowonetseratu zopweteka zimatha kutchulidwa chimodzimodzi ndi matenda ashuga komanso matenda ena.
Komabe, ma siginecha ena adzakhala:
- tachycardia (zoposa 150 kumenya / min);
- youma mucous nembanemba ndi fungo la zipatso zowola pakamwa;
- kukulitsa (kutuluka pansi pa nthiti) chiwindi;
- mabala osachiritsa bwino (chifukwa cha matenda osokoneza magazi);
- chovala ndi khungu zimauma, dermatitis imapezeka;
- (nthawi zina) matenda a shuga amakula;
- kutsegula m'mimba kapena kusanza (kawirikawiri).
- ulesi wonse.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndizosavuta kuphonya ngati galuyo amakhala pabwalo, nthawi zina amalowa m'munda wa eni ake.
Matenda a shuga, gulu lowopsa
Matenda ashuga ayamba kuchepa m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo izi zimawonekera mwa anthu komanso anayi.... Ngati m'mbuyomu matendawa adapezeka kuti ali ndi zaka 7 mpaka 14, tsopano agalu omwe sanathe zaka 4 amatha kutenga nawo. Ziweto zazing'ono zimadwalanso, ndipo akazi nthawi zambiri kuposa amuna.
Mitundu ina ili pachiwopsezo:
- chimbalangondo;
- doberman;
- Kubwezeretsa Labrador;
- pug ndi poodle;
- pomerani;
- dachshund;
- Galu wokhathamira;
- scotch chotchinga.
Mu zamankhwala zapadziko lonse lapansi, kulibe mgwirizano pazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Pakadali pano, ndi zinthu zochepa zokha zomwe zadziwika zomwe zingayambitse matenda ashuga:
- kobadwa nako kutengera;
- mankhwala a mahomoni a nthawi yayitali / olakwika;
- matenda omwe amadzimadzimadzimadzimodzi, momwe ntchito zonse za kapamba sizingatheke;
- kapamba (zosiyanasiyana);
- Matenda opatsirana / somatic omwe amalepheretsa zochitika za kapamba;
- zakudya zosasankhidwa bwino, motero, kunenepa kwambiri;
- mawonekedwe a gestation kapena estrus.
Zinadziwikanso kuti kuwonjezeka kwa matenda ashuga kumachitika makamaka kugwa.
Diagnostics ndi chithandizo
Mitundu ikuluikulu ya matenda ashuga imatenga mawonekedwe osatha, zomwe zimapangitsa dokotala ndi mwini galu kuchita izi:
- kuchotsa zizindikiro kwambiri;
- kupewa zovuta;
- kukwaniritsa kukhululukidwa kwakutali kwambiri;
- kuchepetsa zotsatira za matendawa thupi lonse.
Kuzindikira
Palibe katswiri wamaphunziro azam'mimba yemwe angapeze matendawa kutengera zizindikilo zakunja, koma adzaperekanso njira zodziwira:
- kusanthula (kukulitsa) mkodzo / magazi;
- kutsatira mphamvu ya milingo ya shuga;
- mayesero a mahomoni;
- kusanthula pamaso pa acetone;
- Ultrasound of pancreas ndi (ngati kuli kotheka) ziwalo zina;
- ECG ndi X-ray.
Kuzindikira matenda ashuga agalu kumatheka pokhapokha mutadutsa mayeso onse ndikuchita maphunziro angapo.
Kumwa boma ndi mavitamini
Dokotala amakambirana ndi eni galu momwe angapangire njira zakumwa, zomwe zimapatsa thupi zosowa zamadzi kuti zisawonongeke.
Zofunika! Ndizosatheka kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi m'mbale yakumwa, chifukwa galu yemwe wayamba kumwa nawo amamwa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri. Kuti mumalize ludzu, onjezerani madzi a mandimu 2-3 pamadzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, pobwezeretsa kuchepa kwamadzi, dokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka mankhwala:
- adiurecrine (ufa / mafuta) - jekeseni m'mphuno;
- pituitrin (jakisoni) - chiwembu ndi kuchuluka kwake zimadalira mtundu wa chiweto.
M'pofunikanso kukhutitsa thupi lofooka ndi zofunikira zofunikira, zomwe zimatulutsidwa zambiri ndikutsegula m'mimba ndi kusanza. Mavitamini amathandizira, kuphatikiza Beaphar, Herz-Vital kapena Brewers. Kusintha menyu ya galu kumakhala njira ina yothandizira.
Mankhwala a insulin
Mwini wa galu wodwala ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti mtundu wa 1 ndi 2 wa matenda ashuga sangachiritsidwe, ndipo mankhwala a insulini adapangidwa kuti athetse vutoli, lomwe palokha ndilochuluka. Ntchito yanu ndikuchepetsa kutsika kwa glucose kukhala wabwinobwino, kusunga magawo oyenera pamoyo wa chiweto chanu chonse.... Shuga amachepetsedwa poyambitsa insulin m'thupi, yomwe (kutengera kutalika kwa chiwonetsero) imagawika "lalifupi", "lalitali" ndi "sing'anga". Yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, awiri omaliza a mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga.
Ndizosangalatsa! Jekeseni wa insulin udapangidwa kuti ubweretse mulingo wa glucose pafupifupi 8-10 mmol / L, womwe uli pamwamba pang'ono pamalire apamwamba. Izi zimalepheretsa hypoglycemia kukula pamene shuga m'magazi amatsikira kwambiri, zomwe zimapha.
Majekeseni a insulini ndi zolembera zapadera za jakisoni zimapangidwira kupangira mahomoni. Kuchuluka kwa syringe kumadalira kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi: mwachitsanzo, kapangidwe ka mayunitsi 100 / ml amabayidwa ndi sirinji ya U100, ndi mayunitsi 40 / ml ndi syringe ya U40.
Zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi insulin:
- Pamaso pa jakisoni, gwirani botolo / ampoule m'manja ofunda kuti muzitha kutentha thupi.
- Chongani malo omwe mungalowe jakisoni mobisa (nthawi zambiri pachifuwa, pofota kapena m'mimba).
- Ndi zala zitatu, gwirani khungu la galu kuti khola longa piramidi lipange.
- Ikani singano m'munsi mwa piramidi iyi (nthawi zambiri pansi pa chala chachikulu).
Muyenera kusunga mankhwala anu nthawi zonse ngati atha kapena atha. Mutatsegula ampoule, sikuloledwa kuyisunga kwa miyezi yopitilira 1.5-2 (ngakhale zitakwaniritsidwa).
Mlingo
Mulingo woyenera kwambiri umasankhidwa pang'onopang'ono, kuwongolera momwe nyama ilili. Amayamba ndi zochepa - kwa galu ndi 0,5 U / kg wa kulemera. Nthawi zina zimatenga masiku angapo mpaka miyezi ingapo asanadziwe mlingo wa chiweto chanu.
Mankhwalawa ataperekedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba, mwiniwake akuyenera kuwunika kuti awone kusintha kwa magawo ashuga. Pachifukwa ichi, njira zitatu (zosakakamiza) zapangidwa:
- kutsatira shuga mumkodzo - 1-2 pa tsiku;
- mu mkodzo ndi magazi - katatu patsiku;
- m'magazi - maola onse awiri kapena awiri.
Amakhulupirira kuti njira yachitatu imapereka chithunzi chokwanira.
Zofunika! Ngati, pambuyo pa jakisoni wa insulin, kusungunuka kwa magazi m'magazi kukuposa 15 mmol / l, mlingowo umakulitsidwa ndi 20% kuchokera koyambirira. Mulingo umasinthasintha mulingo wa 10-15 mmol / l, mlingowo umakulanso ndi 0.1 U / kg. Ngati mlingowo wasankhidwa molondola, ndiye kuti mulingo wa shuga sungapitirire 8-10 mmol / l.
Mlingo woyenera umaganiza kuti pambuyo pa jakisoni wa insulini, shuga mumkodzo wa galu sapezeka kwenikweni. Zowona kuti mlingowo wakhazikitsidwa molondola zidzalengezedwera osati kokha ndi magwiridwe anthawi zonse am'magazi / mkodzo, komanso ndikusintha kwanyama konse. Muyenera kuwona kutha kwa zizindikiro zowopsa: galu amayamba kunenepa, kumwa moyenera, kudya ndi kuthetsa zosowa zachilengedwe.
Matenda a Somoji
Kugwiritsa ntchito insulini kumafuna kusunga nthawi komanso kusamala: jakisoni amaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo, kutsatira dongosolo lolembedwa ndi dokotala. Kumbukirani kuti mahomoni owonjezera ndi owopsa kuposa kusowa kwake. Ngati mwaiwala ngati mukubaya jakisoni wina kapena ayi, musachite mantha. Kubayira kamodzi sikungabweretse tsoka, koma kuchuluka kawiri kutero. Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, kuchuluka kosankhidwa molondola kapena njira yolakwika ya insulini ikuwopseza matenda a Somoji.
Ndizosangalatsa! Jekeseni yachiwiri imathetsedwanso ngati galuyo ananjenjemera ndipo simunathe kubaya zonse zomwe zili mu syringe, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi ndikotetezeka kuposa kotsika (kochepera).
Munthu akhoza kuthana ndi vuto la Somoji akamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwirizana ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimayambitsa gawo loyambirira kutsika kwa shuga, ndipo chachiwiri - kumasulidwa kosalamulirika kwa mahomoni a diabetogenic (glucagon, cortisol ndi epinephrine).
Zotsatira zake, galu amapita ku hypoglycemia, koma mwini wake (wotsimikiza kuti shuga akukwera) amachulukitsa mlingo wa insulini ndikupangitsa kuti vutoli likhale lalikulu kwambiri. Somoji Syndrome imapezeka makamaka mwa agalu omwe mkodzo / magazi awo amayesedwa shuga kamodzi patsiku. Ndi dokotala yekhayo amene angakuthandizeni kuthana ndi zovuta za matenda osokoneza bongo a insulin.
Zakudya kwa nthawi yonse ya chithandizo
Funso lina lalikulu ndi momwe mungadyetse galu wa matenda ashuga? Ngati matendawa akuphatikizidwa ndi kulemera mopitirira muyeso, chinyama chidzafunika zakudya zolimba (kuti muchepetse thupi), ndipo pambuyo pake - tebulo lapadera la matenda ashuga. Mukamaliza kudya, kulemera kwa chiweto kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa tsiku lililonse kuti mupewe kuyambiranso.
Zofunika! Mwini wake ayenera kuyang'anira kayendedwe ka galu, poganizira nthawi yomwe jakisoni amalowa. Choyamba, galu amapatsidwa jakisoni, kenako amadyetsedwa (mpaka kasanu patsiku, pang'ono pokha).
Chofunikira chofunikira pazosankha zachilengedwe: zakudya zochepa zama carbohydrate, koma mafuta ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Nyama ndi nsomba ziyenera kupanga 60% ya chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku. Galu amapatsidwa:
- ng'ombe yatsopano, nyama yopanda nkhumba ndi nkhuku;
- offal (makamaka katatu);
- nsomba zowonda zam'nyanja;
- kanyumba kochepa mafuta;
- msuzi wosazinga (masamba) ndi zitsamba;
- mazira.
Onjezani sinamoni (kawiri patsiku) ndi supuni ya tiyi ya fenugreek mbewu (m'mawa) pazakudya, komanso mavitamini othandizira agalu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Zakumwa zimatha kuthiriridwa mchere pang'ono pothira soda pang'ono m'madzi (pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a supuni pagalasi popanda pamwamba).
Zoletsedwa:
- ufa (tirigu ndi chimanga);
- katundu wophika ndi zonunkhira;
- zamzitini chakudya ndi zipatso;
- mafupa ndi nyama ya mafuta;
- mpunga woyera ndi oats wokutidwa;
- adyo ndi anyezi;
- mankhwala okhala ndi zotsekemera zopangira.
Zosavuta kwa iwo omwe amasunga agalu awo pazakudya zamafuta... Pafupifupi opanga onse otsimikizika amatulutsa mizere yazakudya zamankhwala zojambulidwa pamibadwo yosiyanasiyana ndi matenda. Izi ndi zinthu zopangidwa kwathunthu komanso zopambana kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ochulukirapo komanso ochepa (osaposa 4%) azakudya.
Njira zopewera
Popeza sizikudziwika bwinobwino zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa kapamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtsogolo mukhale matenda ashuga, kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kuyenera kuonedwa kuti ndi njira imodzi yodzitetezera.
Moyo wathanzi wa galu suli wosiyana kwambiri ndi umunthu - umakhala ndi zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku, zolimbitsa thupi, kuyenda panja, chakudya chamagulu, kuumitsa komanso kusapezeka kwa matenda opatsirana.
Koma ngakhale malamulowa asungidwa, ndizosatheka kupatula matendawa, omwe nthawi zambiri amatengera. Ngati chiweto chikudwala, matenda ashuga sanganyalanyazidwe: kudwala kumakula, kumakhala kovuta kuyamba mankhwala.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ndi matenda apamwamba, matupi a ketone amadziunjikira m'magazi. Ketoacidosis imachedwetsa mankhwala a insulin, omwe amayamba pokhapokha matupi a ketone atachotsedwa (apo ayi sipadzakhala zotsatira).
Matendawa, osaperekedwa nthawi, amaopseza galuyo:
- kuyambika ndi kutaya kwamaso pambuyo pake;
- kulephera kwa mtima / impso;
- chiwindi chamafuta (nthawi zambiri kupita ku chiwindi);
- kusowa mphamvu;
- kutopa kwambiri;
- zotsatira zakupha.
Mwini yemwe amatsatira upangiri wa a endocrinologist (yemwe amayang'anira dongosolo lokonzekera insulini komanso mndandanda wazakudya za matenda ashuga) adzaonetsetsa kuti galu wake ali ndi moyo wautali komanso wosangalatsa.
