Shemaya (Сhalсalburnus Сhalsoids) ndi nsomba yopangidwa ndi ray ya banja la carp ndi mtundu wa Ukleyki. Nsomba zopita kusukulu ndi mitundu yosawerengeka ndipo ikuchepa pang'onopang'ono.
Kufotokozera kwa Shemaya nsomba
Pakadali pano pali mayina angapo a nsomba shemaya - "fish shamaya", kapena "shamayka", yomwe idachokera ku Persia wakale. Dzina laku Persian "shah-mai" adamasuliridwa kuti "nsomba zachifumu".
Maonekedwe
Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lake, nsomba ya shamayka yomalizidwa ndi ray imakulitsidwa, yokutidwa ndi masikelo ang'onoang'ono. Thupi la nsombayo ndi lathyathyathya komanso lotsika, makamaka lothinikizidwa kuchokera mbali yotsatira. Mutuwo umadziwika ndi utoto wonyezimira. Msana ndi wonyezimira, wobiriwira wakuda, mbali zake ndi mitundu yowala, ndikukhala ndi kuwala. Kutalika kwakutali kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi masentimita 34-35. Choyimira cham'mbali chakumbuyo ndimalo ake obwerera kumbuyo.
Zipsepse zakutsogolo za shamika zimakhala ndi utoto wokongola wa lalanje. Mpheto yam'mbuyo imadziwika ndikubwerera m'mbuyo, ndipo kumapeto kwake kumakhala m'chigawo cham'mimba, kumbuyo kwenikweni kwa dorsal fin. Mtheradi zipsepse za nsomba zolusa ndi zotuwa. Mwamaonekedwe ake onse, nsomba yapakatikati ya shamaya imafanana ndi vimba, ndipo kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe akutali pang'ono.
Nsagwada zam'munsi mwa nsombazi ndizokulirapo kuposa nsagwada zakumtunda. Maso ndiopusa, ndi kadontho kakang'ono kakuda pamwamba. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa munthu wamkulu ndi pafupifupi 580-650 g.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Makhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu amtundu uwu wa nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray sizinaphunzire mwatsatanetsatane pakadali pano. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti nsomba za shamik ndi za gulu la sukulu, komanso zimakonda kukhala m'madzi oyera komanso okosijeni. Zimadziwika kuti oimira nyama zakutchire za Carp ndi mtundu wa Ukleiki amakwera kumtunda kwamadzi am'nyanja pomwe kumayamba usiku.
Ndizosangalatsa! Asayansi apeza kuti shamayka yodya nyama yomwe imakhala munyanja nthawi zambiri imatha kulowa mumadzi amtsinje pokhapokha ikamabereka.
Ndipo masana, nsomba zotere zimamira pafupi ndi pansi pa malo osungiramo zachilengedwe. Sukulu zolusa zimadutsa kokwanira kuchokera kunyanja, koma nthawi zina zimatha kuyandikira patali kwambiri. Mitundu ya Bavaria imasungira m'madamu ndi madzi oyera kwambiri komanso pansi pamiyala.
Utali wamoyo
Kutalika kokwanira kwa shamike sikunakhazikitsidwe, chifukwa chakusowa kwa chidziwitso chonse cha nsomba zolusa. Komabe, malinga ndi chidziwitso china, Aral Shemaya amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, ndipo kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu ngati ameneyu kuli pafupifupi masentimita 30-32.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Nsomba za Shamayka, zomwe zimadziwika ndimakhalidwe oyipa, zimakhala ndi malo ochepa ogawa... Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya shemai imatha kukhala m'madzi abwino komanso am'nyanja. M'dera la Black Sea, malo ogawawa ndi okwanira.
Mwachitsanzo, sukulu za nsomba zimakwera mumtsinje wa Don ndikulowa m'malo omwe amakhala kumtunda. Palinso milandu yodziwika bwino ya mawonekedwe a shamika mdera la Voronezh komanso apamwamba. Mu Nyanja ya Caspian, oimira nsomba zowotcha ndi ray amakonda kukakhazikika kum'mwera chakumadzulo, ndipo samakonda kulowa nawo kumpoto kwa sukuluyi.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'zaka zaposachedwa, nsomba sizimapezeka mu Dnieper. M'mayiko ena aku Europe, nthumwi ya carp ndi mtundu wa Ukleiki amadziwika m'madzi a Danube okha, ndipo ali mgulu la nsomba zosowa kwambiri.
Mu mtsinje wa Volga, malo ena omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe sanathe kupezeka ndi nsomba chifukwa cha ma hydraulic. Komabe, m'madamu ena a dziko lathu, nsomba zamtundu wa shamik zimangokhala.
Nsomba zachilendo zomwe zimapezeka m'madamu ena ku Kalmykia ndi Stavropol. Shemai zosiyanasiyana amakhala pang'ono m'madzi ku Bavaria. Posachedwa, shemaya adapezekanso ku Turkestan Territory, komwe amakhala ku Ak-Darya Duman-Kul.
Zakudya ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi
Shamaika ndi mtundu wa nyama zam'madzi zomwe zimadya nyama zam'madzi, chifukwa chake zakudya za nsomba zoterezi zimayimiriridwa ndi plankton, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo, komanso ma crustaceans. Nthawi zina, shamika imathanso kusaka mwachangu.
Kuswana nsomba shemaya
Shemaya, pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ya semi-anadromous, imatulukira m'madzi oyera... Gulu la Shemai limayamba kusunthira mumtsinje wobala zipatso mzaka khumi zapitazi za Seputembala kapena koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Kusinthaku kumachitika mpaka Januware-Marichi. Masika apambuyo pake, a Shemika amalowa mumtsinje pang'ono, pomwe zimayambira. Pobereka bwino, shemai imafuna kutentha kwa madzi pamlingo wa 18 ° C.
Nsomba zokhwima pogonana zimayamba kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka zaka khumi zapitazi za Julayi. Magawo azakudya zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Shemika m'madzi amitsinje osiyanasiyana amasintha, ndipo amatha kukhala mazira 2.6-23.5. Shemai amayamba kubala madzulo kapena usiku, m'malo omwe amakhala ndi mwala wamiyala komanso wamiyala, kulibe ndere ndi matope. Pambuyo pobzala, nsomba zonse zazikulu za shemai sizikhala m'madzi amtsinje, koma nthawi yomweyo zimanyamuka kupita kunyanja.
Nthawi zambiri, nsomba zolusa zimasankha mipata yomwe ingakhale ndi madzi oyera komanso ikuyenda mwachangu. Monga lamulo, kubereka kumachitika pakuya kwa masentimita 20 mpaka 40, ndipo mazira omwe amatayidwa amatengedwa ndi miyala ikuluikulu kapena miyala ing'onoing'ono, yomwe imamangiriridwa moyenera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nsomba zazing'ono za Shemai zimadziwika ndikukula pang'ono, komwe kumachitika mumtsinje, ndipo patatha pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, shemai amasamukira kunyanja, komwe kukula kumachulukirachulukira.
Pazifukwa zabwino, mphutsi zimaswa pambuyo pa masiku atatu. Kwa nthawi yayitali, mbozi zoswedwa zili pansi pamadzi, pamalo amdima, kenako pang'onopang'ono zimatsikira mumtsinjewo kukhala madzi am'nyanja.
Adani achilengedwe
Mdani wamkulu wachilengedwe wa shamiki ndi munthu... M'zaka zapitazi, nsomba zolemera za Shemai zidasokonekera kwambiri chifukwa chakumanga kwa magetsi ndi kusodza kosalamulira, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mbalame zam'madzi izi zizikakamizidwa.
Kuphatikiza pakuchepetsa kwa malo oberekera, njira yobereketsa ya shemai imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuipitsa matupi amadzi, komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwamadzi m'madzi ndi mitsinje.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pali ma subspecies pafupifupi khumi ndi atatu a shemai, koma awiri okha amakhala m'malo osungira achi Russia: Black Sea shamayka ndi Caspian. Komanso mawonekedwe olowera ndi okhala amakhala osiyana. Chiwombankhanga chotchedwa shemai nthawi zonse chimakhala chofala ku Black Sea ndi Azov Seas.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nyama ya shamiki ndi yokoma kwambiri komanso yathanzi, yonenepa komanso yofewa modabwitsa, chifukwa chomwe amakhala m'madzi kwanthawi yayitali anali maziko asodzi kwaomwe amakhala, komanso asodzi-alendo.
Zotsatira zantchito zamphamvu za anthuzi zidachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu; chifukwa chake, nsomba zasiya kupezeka pafupipafupi m'chilengedwe. Pakadali pano, shamayka adalembedwa mu Red Book.
Komabe, ngakhale pali ziletso ndi zilango zambiri, usodzi wosaloledwa udakalipobe. Mwazina, usodzi wamalonda ndi mlandu, ndipo pamilandu yotereyi, amapatsidwa nthawi yoti akhale m'ndende.
