M'kalasi la ma flagellate, zolengedwa zamoyo ndizogwirizana zomwe zimayenda mothandizidwa ndi imodzi kapena zingapo flagella. Pali oimira ambiri mkalasi mwachilengedwe. Gululi limaphatikizapo anthu ambiri okhala m'malo am'madzi ndi amchere, komanso zamoyo zomwe timakonda kuzitcha kuti tiziromboti.
Magawo ndi mawonekedwe a matupi awo ndizosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati dzira, silinda, spindle kapena mpira. Pakukhala ndi moyo, matupi a ma flagellate amadzazidwa ndi michere yambiri, kuyambira m'malovu azinthu zonga mafuta, glucogenes, wowuma, etc.
Makhalidwe, kapangidwe kake ndi malo okhala
Woimira ambiri mwazinthu izi mwachilengedwe ndi euglena wobiriwira. Chamoyo chosavuta kwambiri chokhala ndi selo limodzi chimenechi sichidali chinsinsi kwa asayansi.
Kwa zaka zambiri, asayansi akhala akutsutsana pakati pawo za cholengedwa chachilendochi. Asayansi ena amakonda kuganiza kuti iyi ndi nyama, ngakhale ili ndi kakapangidwe kakang'ono komanso kakang'ono kwambiri. Ena euglena wobiriwira amadziwika algae, ndiye kuti, ku mbewu.
Amakhala m'madzi oyera. Madontho owonongeka, madzi osasunthika omwe ali ndi masamba owola mmenemo ndi malo okondedwa a woimira ma flagellates. Poyenda, Euglena amagwiritsa ntchito flagellum imodzi yomwe ili patsogolo pa thupi lake la fusiform. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi chipolopolo cholimba kwambiri.
Pansi pa flagellum amakongoletsedwa ndi diso lowoneka bwino, mtundu wofiyira wowala wotchedwa kusalidwa. Chimbalangondo chowonjezerachi chachulukitsa chidwi cha kuwala ndikuwuza euglena kuti asambire ndikuwala bwino kwambiri padziwe, lomwe limalimbikitsa kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Ilinso ndi puluating vacuole, yomwe imathandizira kupuma ndi kuwulutsa kwa cholengedwa ichi. Izi ndizofanana amoeba ndi euglena wobiriwira. Chifukwa cha chiwalo ichi, thupi limachotsa madzi owonjezera.
Kumapeto kwake kuli chimake chachikulu, chomwe chimayang'anira zonse zofunika pamoyo wa cholengedwa ichi. Chotupa cha Euglena chimakhala ndi ma 20 chloroplast ambiri.
Amakhala ngati gwero la chlorophyll, lomwe limapatsa euglena mtundu wobiriwira. Izi zimayankha funso - chifukwa chiyani euglena wabiriwira kotero iwo amachitcha icho. Mtundu wake, wobiriwira wobiriwira umapambanadi.
Kuphatikiza apo, chlorophyll imathandizira njira yofunikira mthupi la euglena - photosynthesis. Mwa kuwala bwino, cholengedwa ichi chimadyetsa ngati chomera wamba, ndiye kuti, autotrophic.
Ndikumayamba kwa mdima, njira yosungunulira chakudya imasintha pang'ono ndipo chakudya chobiriwira cha euglena, ngati nyama, imasowa chakudya chamagulu, chomwe chimasandutsa thupi lanyama.
Chifukwa chake, asayansi sanasankhebe kuti ndi ndani yemwe cholengedwa chapaderachi chiyenera kutchulidwa - zomera kapena nyama. Chotupa chake chimasonkhanitsa timagulu tating'onoting'ono tambiri, zomwe zimayandikira pafupi ndi wowuma.
Euglena amazigwiritsa ntchito posala kudya. Ngati euglena ali mumdima kwa nthawi yayitali, kupatukana kwa ma chloroplast sikuchitika. Kugawikana kwazinthu zamtundu umodzi palokha kumapitilizabe. Izi zimatha ndikutuluka kwa euglena, komwe kulibe ma chloroplast.
Thupi la euglena lobiriwira limakhala ndi mawonekedwe otambalala, omwe amalola pafupi ndi theka lakumbuyo. Magawo ake ndi ocheperako - kutalika kwake kuli ma microns 60, ndipo m'lifupi mwake mulibe ma micron opitilira 18.
Kusuntha kwa thupi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zobiriwira za euglena. Imachita mgwirizano ndikukula ngati kuli kofunikira. Izi ndichifukwa cha ulusi wama protein omwe amapezeka mu euglena nyumba yobiriwira... Izi zimamuthandiza kuti asamuke popanda thandizo la flagellum.
Infusoria nsapato ndi euglena green - izi ndi zolengedwa ziwiri zomwe anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti zimakhala zofanana. M'malo mwake, ndiosiyana kotheratu. Izi zimawonekera makamaka momwe amadyetsedwera.
Ngati wobiriwira wa euglena amatha kudya ngati nyama ndi chomera, ndiye kuti ciliate imakonda chakudya chambiri. Chophweka ichi chimapezeka kulikonse. Madzi amchere aliwonse amadzaza ndi anthu osazolowereka, kuphatikiza green euglena.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mukawona moyo wa Euglena wobiriwira kudzera pa maikulosikopu, mutha kunena kuti ichi ndi cholengedwa cholimba komanso cholimba. Iye, ndi chidwi chachikulu komanso chidwi, amawopseza ciliate ndi nsapato ndipo, mwachiwonekere, izi zimamupatsa chisangalalo chodabwitsa.
Pankhani ya euglena yoyikidwa mumdima kwa nthawi yayitali, chlorophyll idasowa kwathunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kopanda mtundu. Izi zimakhudza kutha kwa photosynthesis. Pambuyo pake, flagellate iyenera kusinthana ndi chakudya chamagulu okha.
Kusunthira mothandizidwa ndi flagellum, Euglena amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Poterepa, flagellum ikuwoneka kuti idakulungidwa m'mitsinje yamadzi, yofanana ndi yoyendetsa mabwato oyendetsa galimoto kapena ma steam.
Ngati tiyerekeza kufulumira kwa kayendedwe ka euglena wobiriwira ndi nsapato za ciliate, ndiye kuti woyamba amayenda mwachangu kwambiri. Kusunthaku kumangoyang'ana kumalo owala bwino.
Kuthamanga kwa euglena kumatha kukulitsidwa kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito vacuole, yomwe imathandizira cholengedwa kuthana ndi chilichonse chomwe chimachedwetsa kusambira kwake. Kupuma mu protozoan iyi kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa mpweya ndi thupi lake lonse.
Euglena amatha kupulumuka kulikonse, chamoyo chilichonse chimatha kusilira luso ili. Mwachitsanzo, mu dziwe lomwe limaundana kwakanthawi, euglena wobiriwira samangoyenda kapena kusadya, kusintha pang'ono mawonekedwe ake.
Mchira wa protozoan, wotchedwa flagellum, umagwa ndipo euglena imakhala yozungulira. Imakutidwa ndi chipolopolo chapadera ndipo imatha kupulumuka nyengo yoipa iliyonse. Matendawa amatchedwa chotupa. Amatha kukhala mu cyst mpaka mkhalidwe wa malo ake utakhala wabwino kwa iye.
Zakudya zabwino
Ngati madamu akukhala obiriwira kwambiri, ndiye kuti pali ma euglena obiriwira ambiri. Kuchokera apa, titha kunena kuti chilengedwe ndi choyenera kwambiri, chili ndi chakudya. Ndiyamika klorophyll mthupi la cholengedwa chosangalatsachi, kusintha kwa kaboni dayokisaidi kukhala kaboni ndi zinthu zachilengedwe kukhala zamoyo zimatha kuchitika.
Chakudya chabwinobwino cha chomera cha flagellate chitha kusinthidwa ndi china, pafupi ndi nyama. Izi zimachitika m'malo osayatsa bwino. Mwamwayi, pali zinthu zokwanira zokwanira m'madzi owonongeka, motero euglena wobiriwira samakhalabe ndi njala.
Kubereka
Euglena wobiriwira amaberekanso njira yokhayokha, momwe kugawanika kwa khungu la mayi kumachitika mwa magawanidwe azitali kukhala magawo awiri a ana aakazi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kutulutsa kwa nyukiliya kwamphamvu kumachitika isanachitike.
Pambuyo pake, selo limayamba kugawanika kuchokera kutsogolo. Poterepa, kukhazikitsidwa kwa flagellum yatsopano komanso pharynx yatsopano kumachitika, kumasiyana pang'onopang'ono. Njirayi imatha ndikulekanitsa kumbuyo.
Chifukwa chake, mapangidwe a ana aakazi awiri amapezeka, omwe ali ofanana ndi khungu la mayi. Gawo lotsatira limalumikizidwa ndi kukula kwawo pang'onopang'ono. M'tsogolomu, njira yofananira yogawa imabwerezedwa.
