Amwewe ndi matenda achilengedwe, opatsirana komanso owopsa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha ma virus a neurotropic, omwe nthawi zambiri amapatsirana kudzera malovu a nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. M'mbuyomu, matendawa amatchedwa "hydrophobia" ndi "hydrophobia", chifukwa cha mawonekedwe azizindikiro.
Kufotokozera za matenda
Mwachilengedwe, mitundu yambiri ya nyama zakutchire imatha kuteteza ndi kufalikira kwa matenda owopsa ngati tizilombo ta rabies.... Masiku ano matenda a chiwewe ndi osiyana:
- mtundu wachilengedwe - matenda a chiwewe, opangidwa ndi nyama zina zakutchire, zomwe zimaphatikizapo nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe, galu wa nkhandwe, nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe, skunk ndi mongoose, komanso mileme;
- Mtundu wamatawuni ndi matenda omwe amapezeka m'zinyama zambiri, kuphatikizapo amphaka, ndipo amayamba chifukwa chokhudzana ndi nyama zakutchire zodwala.
Zofunika! Nthawi yokwanira imatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira masiku khumi mpaka miyezi itatu kapena inayi.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timatha kutentha, ndipo timatha kuyambitsidwa mofulumira motsogoleredwa ndi njira zamchere ndi ayodini, zotsekemera ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe amaimiridwa ndi:
- nsabwe;
- mankhwala enaake;
- asidi hydrochloric;
- asidi wa carbolic.
Lyssavirus ya Rаbiеs imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet, komanso imamwalira msanga ikauma kapena yophika. M'mikhalidwe yotentha kwambiri ndi kuzizira, kachilombo ka chiwewe kangapitirire kwa nthawi yayitali.
Amwewe ndi matenda opatsirana a zoonotic, ndipo matenda ake opatsirana amakhudzana kwambiri ndi mtundu wogawa nyama. M'gawo la dziko lathu, pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya matenda monga chiwewe:
- zojambula zachilengedwe zalembetsedwa mdera la Volga, komanso kumadzulo ndi madera apakati, pomwe 35-72% ya anthu amawerengedwa kuti ndi nkhandwe zofiira. Vutoli limafalitsidwanso ndi mimbulu, agalu amphaka ndi mbira;
- malo achilengedwe olembetsedwa ku Arctic, kapena otchedwa "arctic foci", amaimiridwa ndi mavairasi oyenda pakati pa nkhandwe za polar;
- "Urban foci" amadziwika ndi mavairasi omwe nthawi zambiri amayenda pakati pa agalu, ndipo amapatsirana ndi kulumidwa osati zoweta zokha, komanso amphaka.
Amphaka ndiwo omwe amachititsa chiwewe mu 10% yokha ya milandu, pomwe agalu amakhala pafupifupi 60%. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timadziwika ndi chipolopolo, kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi 180 nm, ndipo m'mimba mwake mulibe magawo 75 nm. Kachilomboka kali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ozungulira kumapeto kwake, ndipo kakuyang'ana pansi kapena kaphokoso kumapeto kwina.
Ndizosangalatsa! Monga momwe kuwonera kwakanthawi kukuwonetsa, matenda a chiwewe amapezeka m'mphaka zakutchire ndi zoweta mdziko lililonse, kupatula Antarctica. Matendawa sanalembedwe kuzilumba monga Japan, New Zealand, Cyprus ndi Malta, komanso ku Sweden, Norway, Finland, Portugal ndi Spain.
Zolemba zimayimiriridwa ndi G-glycoprotein lipoproteins. Mitundu yake imapezeka kumapeto kwa virion. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ma virus onse a chiwewe omwe alipo pakadali pano adutsa gawo lotukuka mzaka chikwi ndi theka zapitazi.
Zizindikiro za chiwewe
Chodziwika bwino cha kachilombo ka chiwewe ndikuti matenda oopsa sawoneka atangotha matenda amphaka, koma patapita kanthawi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chizindikiritso choyamba chimayamba kuwonekera pokhapokha kachilomboko kamafalikira mthupi la nyama. Amphaka achikulire, nthawi yosakaniza imatha masiku 10-42, ndipo kufa kwa mphaka kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri. Pali kusiyanasiyana komwe gawo la chiwewe lomwe labisika ndi chaka chonse.
Zizindikiro za amphaka amphaka ndi awa:
- kuwoneka kosintha kwamakhalidwe, kuphatikiza kupsa mtima kapena ulesi, nkhawa kapena ulesi;
- kuchulukitsa kwakanthawi kochekera kosamveka bwino komanso koyipa kwa nyama;
- pafupifupi kutaya kwathunthu kwa njala;
- mawonekedwe a khunyu nthawi ndi nthawi.
Vutoli limakhala pakuwonetsa zizindikiritso zamatenda amphaka mu mphaka mochedwa kwambiri, chifukwa chake, nthawi yonseyi, chiweto ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda omwe kakhoza kupatsira nyama zina kapena mwini wake. Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi matenda owopsa monga chiwewe.
Mtundu wofala kwambiri, wachiwawa wa chiwewe cha chiwewe ndi:
- koyambirira. Momwe nyama imakhalira yotopetsa, kumvera mosafunikira malamulo ndikunyinyirika kumvera mwini wake. Patangopita nthawi yochepa, mkhalidwe wa mphaka umasinthiratu, ndipo chiwetocho chimakhala chamantha komanso chosakhazikika, chimanjenjemera kwambiri ndipo sichimayankha moyenera chilichonse. Nyamayi panthawiyi imatha kusokonezedwa ndi malo oluma omwe matendawa amachitikira. Mu gawo lomalizira la gawoli, vuto la m'mimba limadziwika;
- gawo lamankhwala. Zosatha masiku opitilira asanu. Pakadali pano pakukula kwa matendawa, chinyama chimayamba kutuluka minofu ya pharyngeal, yomwe imatsagana ndi zovuta kumeza chakudya, komanso madzi. Munthawi imeneyi, pali malovu opitilira muyeso, chisangalalo chowonjezeka komanso kupsa mtima kosayenera, komwe kumasinthidwa mwachangu ndi kuponderezana, mawu ndi kujambula zithunzi;
- gawo lokhumudwitsa. Zomwe sizikhala masiku opitilira awiri kapena atatu, ndipo zimawonekera mwa mawonekedwe a kukhumudwa ndi ziwalo zopita patsogolo. Munthawi imeneyi, mawu a chiweto amasowa kwathunthu ndipo nsagwada zakumunsi zimatsika kwambiri, komanso lilime limagwera. Kuyambira kumbuyo kwa miyendo, kufooka pang'onopang'ono kumadutsa mthupi kupita patsogolo, kumafikira minofu ya mtima ndi dongosolo la kupuma, chifukwa chake kufa kwa nyama kumachitika.
Mwa mitundu yofatsa kwambiri ndi wolumala, yomwe imatha pafupifupi masiku atatu, ndipo imawonekera pakukonda kwambiri nyama. Kuyanjana pafupipafupi ndi chiweto chotere ndikowopsa kwa munthu yemwe angatenge matenda a chiwewe kudzera m'malovu.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali matenda achilendo ochepa, opatsirana ndi gastritis ndi enteritis, omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lonse liwonongeke. Monga ulamuliro, zizindikiro za matenda achiwewe atypical mosinthana ndi kusintha zosakhalitsa pa chikhalidwe nyama, zomwe kwambiri complicates matenda.
Diagnostics ndi chithandizo
Matenda a chiwewe a Feline ndikofunikira kwambiri kusiyanitsa ndi matenda a Aujeszky, kapena omwe amatchedwa achinyengo. Ichi ndi matenda oopsa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama, kuphatikizapo amphaka, matendawa amawonetsedwa ndi vuto la dongosolo lamanjenje, limodzi ndi kuyabwa kwambiri ndikukanda. Komanso, pseudorabies imadziwika ndi kupweteka, kukhetsa madzi, kulephera kumeza komanso nkhawa za nyama.
Zofunika! Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ngakhale atakhala kuti akugwidwa ndi chiwewe, mphaka amayenera kuyikidwa m'chipinda chogona kwa milungu ingapo. Nthawi zina, zimalangizidwa kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yopatula kwa miyezi ingapo.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti matenda a chiwewe omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana ndi matenda ndi matenda, omwe amatsatiridwa ndi:
- kupezeka kwa zizindikilo zoluma mthupi la nyama;
- kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwamphaka;
- kuchuluka ndewu;
- hydrophobia;
- kuyankha mwakhama pazokopa zakunja;
- kukhetsa;
- kusowa chilakolako;
- kusagwirizana bwino.
Kuzindikira kwa matenda owopsa amtundu wa mthupi kumangofa pambuyo pake... Potsegula nyama, ubongo umachotsedwa, pambuyo pake magawo onse omwe amapezeka amapezeka ndi microscopic kukhalapo kwa matupi a Babesh-Negri. Miphika yodzaza ndimadzimayi imakhala ndimatenda ambiri.
Matenda olondola a "chiwewe" amapezeka pokhapokha atafa, molingana ndi chidziwitso chomwe chapezeka chifukwa cha kafukufuku wa labotori wa minofu ya nyama. Kuyesedwa kwaposachedwa kwambiri kwa vivo ndi kuyesa kwa chiwewe mu amphaka, komwe kumawunika magazi ndi khungu. Matendawa omwe amapezeka masiku ano amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe akuluakulu ofufuza.
Zakudya kwa nthawi yonse ya chithandizo
Zina mwazinthu zothandiza pothana ndi matenda achiwewe ndi awa:
- masamba ofiira, komanso zipatso ndi zipatso, zoyimiriridwa ndi tomato ndi kabichi, tsabola belu ndi beets, makangaza ndi zipatso za zipatso, raspberries ndi maapulo, mphesa, komanso chokeberry ndi viburnum;
- amadyera, makamaka sipinachi;
- nsomba za m'madzi ndizokwanira mafuta;
- zipatso zatsopano ndi timadziti ta masamba.
Ndizosangalatsa! Tiyenera kudziwa kuti, limodzi ndi matenda ena a ma virus, matenda a chiwewe amaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zolimba kwambiri mu zakudya, komanso kuwonjezera pazakudya ndi mavitamini ndi michere yayikulu.
Pa gawo lakukula kwa ziwalo, limodzi ndi zovuta kwambiri pantchito ya kupuma, komanso kuchuluka kwa malovu, chakudya chonse chiyenera kukhala chosavuta kugaya, makamaka mu mawonekedwe a mbatata ya mushy kapena yosenda. Kupezeka kwa hydrophobia si chifukwa chochepetsera kumwa.
Njira zopewera
Simungachiritse matenda a chiwewe mu mphaka. Zizindikiro za chiwewe zikawoneka, mwiniwake wa mphaka ayenera kukonzekera kuti chiweto chifa. Kachilombo ka chiwewe kamaambukirana kwambiri, chifukwa chake, pakutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa, njira zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitidwa:
- pezani nyama kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa kwa ziweto zina kapena anthu;
- itanani akatswiri kuchokera kuchipatala cha ziweto;
- Sambani malo olumikizirana ndi nyama zotere ndi sopo wamchere ndi madzi otentha ambiri;
- gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opatsirana ndi chiwewe pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Njira yodalirika komanso yothandiza kwambiri yopewera matenda a chiwewe akadali ndi katemera wa ziweto panthaŵi yake Amphaka amalandira katemera wa chiwewe kwaulere m'makliniki azowona zanyama mumzinda, pogwiritsa ntchito katemera wapakhomo. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti nyama zomwe sizinatemeredwe nthawi yake sizingathe kutenga nawo mbali pazionetsero, kuyenda kapena kuchoka kwina kulikonse kunja kwa dziko.
Katemera woyamba wa chiwewe amaperekedwa kwa amphaka ali aang'ono, atangotha kumene kusintha mano - pafupifupi miyezi itatu zakubadwa. Ziweto zazikulu zimalandira katemera chaka chilichonse. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti amphaka athanzi ayenera kulandira katemera pambuyo pochepetsa minyewa.
Ndikoletsedwa katemera wa amphaka omwe ali ndi pakati kapena akumwa, komanso katemera mukangomaliza kumene kubereketsa. Pakadali pano, mwa mankhwala odziwika kwambiri popewa matenda a chiwewe pali katemera wa "Quadriket", "Rabikan", "Leukorifelin" ndi "Nobivac".
Akatswiri amawona kupatula kulumikizana kulikonse pakati pa ziweto ndi nyama zosochera ngati njira yofunikira yodzitetezera.... Amayi akadali vuto padziko lonse lapansi. Anthu opitilira 50,000 amamwalira chaka chilichonse chifukwa chotenga kachirombo ka chiwewe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Monga momwe ziwonetsero zikuwonetsera, kukonzekera kwamakono konse kwa katemera motsutsana ndi kachirombo ka HIV kumakhala kopanda zovuta zilizonse, chifukwa chake zimaloledwa bwino ndi mphaka komanso amphaka akuluakulu.
Kuphulika kwa matenda amtundu wa chiwewe kumatchulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ngakhale m'malo okhala akulu, chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kunyalanyaza njira zodzitetezera motsutsana ndi chiwewe, zomwe zimapangitsa kukana kotereku pachiwopsezo chochepa cha matenda.
Zowopsa kwa anthu
Katemera wotsutsana ndi matenda a chiwewe amapezeka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, ndi wasayansi wotchuka waku France - Louis Pasteur. Chifukwa cha katemerayu, eni ziweto zilizonse, kuphatikizapo amphaka, ali ndi mwayi wochepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda opatsirana omwe amapha chiweto ndi anthu.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chizindikiro cha matenda a chiwewe mwa anthu chimakhala ndi kusiyana kosiyanasiyana kuchokera kuzizindikiro za matendawa amphaka, ndipo nthawi yolumikizira imadalira kutalika kwa malo olumirako kuchokera kumutu wamunthu.
Pakadali pano pali magawo atatu a matenda amtundu womwe amapezeka mwa anthu:
- Gawo loyamba limatenga masiku osaposa atatu... Amadziwika ndi kufooka, kupweteka mutu komanso kupweteka kwa minofu, komanso kutentha thupi, mkamwa mouma, komanso kutsokomola. Munthawi imeneyi, njala imachepa, zilonda zapakhosi, nseru ndi kusanza kowopsa kumawonekera. Pamalo oluma pali kufiira, kumva kupweteka komanso kuyabwa kosavuta. Munthu amene ali ndi matenda a chiwewe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mantha osadziwika, kukhumudwa komanso kusowa tulo, ndipo nthawi zina, pakhoza kukhala kukwiya kosawoneka bwino ndikuwoneka kwazinthu;
- Gawo lachiwiri limatenga masiku osapitirira awiri kapena atatu... Pakadali pano, mawonekedwe achisangalalo, nkhawa ndi nkhawa, kuukira kwa hydrophobia ndi kupuma kwamphamvu ndizofunikira kwambiri. Wodwalayo amakwiya kwambiri komanso amachita ndewu. Kuukira koteroko kwaukali kosasunthika nthawi zambiri kumatsagana ndi kuwonjezeka thukuta ndi malovu;
- Gawo lachitatu komanso lomaliza limakhala ndi bata.... Chifukwa chake, mantha amantha, nkhanza komanso kuukira kwa hydrophobia zimatha. Wodwala amakhala ndi chiyembekezo chakuchira msanga panthawiyi, koma mwadzidzidzi kutentha kwa thupi kumakwera kufika 40-42zaC, kukomoka ndi ziwalo za mtima kapena kupuma kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimayambitsa imfa.
Atangolumidwa, wovutikayo akuyenera kutsuka chilondacho bwinobwino ndi sopo wochapira ndipo nthawi yomweyo alumikizane ndi chipatala, komwe adokotala adzakupatseni nthawi ya katemera. Nthawi yayitali yodwala tizilombo sikadutsa sabata limodzi.
Pakulandira chithandizo, wodwalayo amakhala kutali ndi zoyeserera zakunja ndipo ayenera kulandira chithandizo chazizindikiro.... Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti matenda a chiwewe ndi matenda oopsa, ndipo njira yothandizira matendawa sinayambebe kupangidwa, chifukwa chake mankhwala osokoneza bongo amathandizira kuchira pokhapokha ataperekedwa nthawi yomweyo.
