Guillemot wonyezimira kwambiri, kapena wamfupi wa huillemot, ndi mtundu wa mbalame zam'nyanja zochokera kubanja la ma guillemots, ndi za dongosolo la Charadriiformes.
Kufotokozera kwa guillemot wandiweyani
Maonekedwe
Akuluakulu amatha kufikira sing'anga: kutalika 39-43 cm, mapiko a 65-70 cm. Kulemera kwa mbalame yayikulu kumakhala pakati pa 750 mpaka 1550 magalamu... Thupi la guillemot lakuda kwambiri ndi fusiform. Mapikowo ndi opapatiza, aafupi komanso osongoka, mchira ndiwombedwa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mlomo wake ndi wakuda, wopingasa, wokulirapo, wolunjika komanso wopindika pang'ono kumapeto. Maso ali mdima. Mapazi okhala ndi ziphuphu, akuda ndi mthunzi wachikasu, misomali yakuda.
Palibe kusiyana kwamtundu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. M'chilimwe, pamwamba pake pamakhala chakuda, mbali zake, mutu ndi khosi ndizopepuka pang'ono, ndi mthunzi wa bulauni. Pansi pake pamayera. M'nyengo yozizira, chibwano ndi masaya amasanduka oyera. Pa chifuwa, mawonekedwe oyera amtundu wakuda amalowa mdima; mu guillemot yoonda kwambiri, kusinthaku kumatha kuzungulira. Pa mandible pali imvi (mzere). Pali milozo yoyera pamapiko, yomwe imawoneka pamapiko, momwe ilili (yopindidwa kapena yotsegulidwa).
Ma guillemots, owonda-owonda komanso okhwima, amafanana. Amasiyana kukula ndi makulidwe a milomo, kupezeka kwa kachingwe kakang'ono mu guillemot yaifupi yomwe ili pakati pa mphuno ndi ngodya ya pakamwa, khosi lalifupi, mtundu wakuda wa nthenga pamwamba pa thupi komanso kusapezeka kwa imvi (mizere yakuda) mbali zake.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma guillemot okhwima nthawi zambiri amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa ma guillemot oonda kwambiri, ndipo ma guillemot okhala ndi mbiri yayitali alibe "owoneka bwino". Ngakhale kufanana kwake kwakukulu, mitunduyi siyimangirirana, nthawi zonse imakonda kuyimira mtundu wawo.
Khalidwe, moyo
Pothawa, mtundu uwu wa guillemot umakanikiza mutu wake pafupi ndi thupi, chifukwa chake, umapanga chithunzi cha mbalame yayikulu. Pouluka, ndizosavuta kwa iwo kuti achotse miyala ikuluikulu kuti apeze liwiro loyenera, kenako nkuwuluka, nthawi zambiri akugwedeza mapiko awo, chifukwa ndizovuta kuti anyamuke pamalo athyathyathya (nthaka kapena madzi) chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka thupi ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono. Pothawira, chifukwa cha mchira wawung'ono, imayendetsa mawondo ake, ndikuisunga kuti ifalikire. Ma Guillemots amatha kusambira ndikudumphira m'madzi.
Chifukwa cha miyendo yomwe imakhazikika kumbuyo kwambiri pansi, siyenda bwino, thupi limakhala pamalo owongoka. Guillemots ndi mbalame zomwe zimakonda kukhala ndi moyo wachikoloni. Ambiri aiwo saopa anthu. Nthawi yopanda chisa komanso pamadzi amakhala chete. Pamudzi iwo amafuula mosalekeza, tsiku la polar amatha kukhala otakataka usana ndi usiku. Amapanga mawu ngati "ar-ra", "ar-rr" ndi zina zotero. Wokhumudwa: amuna chifukwa chomenyera akazi, akazi - pakati pawo pomenyera malo abwino kwambiri.
Nthawi yonse asanagwetse mazenera m'mphepete mwa ayezi komanso m'madzi, amapita kumtunda kukaikira mazira. Amakhazikika m'malo okhala anthu ambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ma Silender-billed guillemots, auk ndi kittiwake atha kukhala oyandikana nawo mosavuta mu "msika wa mbalame".
Utali wamoyo
Kutalika kwa moyo wa guillemot pafupifupi zaka 30. Koma pali zambiri zokhudza anthu azaka 43 zomwe asayansi adakumana nazo.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Short-billed guillemot - wokhala kumadera akutali... Malo obisalira amakhala m'miyala ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zilumba za Pacific, Arctic ndi Atlantic. M'nyengo yophukira imasunthira kumapeto kwa madzi oundana nthawi yozizira. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa guillemot kumakhala malo ake ozizira, mpaka kukafika ku ndege. Nthawi yosamukira komanso m'nyengo yozizira, mutha kupeza magulu ang'onoang'ono a ma guillemot, omwe amayenda m'madzi otseguka a nyanja zikuluzikulu ndi nyanja.
Kudya guillemot wandiweyani
M'chilimwe, chakudya chachikulu cha guillemot ndi nsomba zazing'ono, m'nyengo yozizira - nsomba ndi nyama zam'madzi zopanda nyama. Crustaceans ndi ma gill awiri amathanso kukhala nyama yake.
Ndizosangalatsa! Imadya chakudya chonse m'madzi, imathilira pambuyo pake ndikusambira pansi pamadzi, imagwira mapiko ake bwino, komanso pamtunda, zomwe ndizosowa.
Makolo osamala amadyetsa anapiye, kuyambira masiku awiri kapena atatu a moyo wawo, ndi nsomba zazing'ono ndipo, nthawi zambiri, nyama zakutchire, ndikunyamuka kupita kumalo ozizira, kusiya kudyetsa tsiku limodzi asanachoke pamalo obisalira, potero zimathandizira kutsika kwake.
Kubereka ndi ana
Guillemot wonenepa kwambiri amapita kumalo osungira zisa mu Epulo-Meyi, atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri zakubadwa, nthawi zonse amakhala m'malo omwewo moyo wake wonse. Mitunduyi imakhazikika m'mbali mwa mbalame pamapiri ataliatali a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, momwe zimakhalira ngati chisa. Mwakutero, samakonzekeretsa chisa; amakwiririra dzira limodzi lokhala ngati peyala pamalo amiyala.
Maonekedwe awa amathandiza kuti dzira lisakwere kutalika: limapanga malo owonjezera olumikizirana pakati pa dzira ndi thanthwe, ndipo pakagwedezeka, nthawi zambiri limapanga bwalo laling'ono mozungulira kumapeto kwake, kubwerera kumalo ake. Mtundu wa dzira - loyera, imvi, wabuluu kapena wobiriwira, wolowererapo - mtunduwu ndi wapadera, kulola makolo kusiyanitsa dzira lawo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mabanja amakhala osakwatiwa moyo wawo wonse, amafungatira ndikudyetsa ana motsatana, kupatsana nthawi yopuma ndi kudyetsa.
Mukamafungatira, mbalameyo imazembera miyendo yake pansi pa dzira ndi kugona pamwamba... Dzira likatayika, wamkazi amatha kuikira dzira lina, ndipo likafa, amathanso kutenga limodzi. Nthawi yosakaniza imatha masiku 30 mpaka 35.
Kulankhulana kwamawu ndi makolo kumachitika kale pakuthyola, komwe kumatha kutenga masiku awiri kapena anayi: akukhulupilira kuti umu ndi momwe amasinthana - mwana wankhuku amalandira zambiri zakunja zomwe amafunikira pakukula, liwu la mwana limalimbikitsa makolo kuti amupezere chakudya ndipo kusamalira.
Ikaswa, mwana wankhuku amakhala ndi chivundikiro chofupikirako, chakumutu ndi chakuda mwamdima kumutu ndi yoyera pansi; imakula mwachangu, mpaka nthenga. Ali ndi miyezi 1-1.5, ali wokonzeka kupita kumalo ozizira, ndikudumpha kuchokera komwe adabadwira, ndikudzithandiza kuyenda ndi mapiko ake. Izi zimachitika madzulo ndi usiku kuti muchepetse imfa kuchokera kwa adani, ndipo mawonekedwe akulu a njirayi amathandizira izi.
Poyenda, mwana wankhuku amafika pamadzi ndipo mothandizidwa ndi mawu ake, amapeza makolo ake, omwe amapita nawo kumalo ozizira.
Adani achilengedwe
Chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta ya malo okhala ma guillemot, mulibe adani achilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kutalika ndi kutalika kwa miyala yomwe imamangirirapo ndi timiyala tating'onoting'ono kwambiri momwe imafungatira anapiye kumalepheretsa kupezeka nyama zolusa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Imfa ya mbalame iyi m'madzi nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha zochita za anthu: imagwera m'makoka omwe asodzi amaika.
Madzi oundana a ku Arctic akasuntha, ma guillemot amatha kugwidwa, atakodwa ndi madzi oundana omwe anali mu kabowo kakang'ono, osatha kuwuluka. M'chilengedwe, mazira amafa, makamaka omwe angoyamba kumene, ndipo nthawi zambiri chifukwa chakuchulukana kwa malo okhala mbalame zambiri komanso ndewu za akuluakulu akamenyera nkhondo malo.
Mitundu ikuluikulu ya nkhono nthawi zina imatha kuwononga malo okhala ndi zisa zomwe zili patali ndi gulu lonse. Nkhandwe, khwangwala, kadzidzi wachipale chofewa amatha kudya anapiye omwe agwa m'makona. Akuluakulu nthawi zina amatha kukhala nyama ya gyrfalcon.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chiwerengero cha mitunduyi pakadali pano sichili pamavuto ndipo chikuwerengera anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, pokhala m'modzi woyimira mbalame ku Arctic ndi kumadera akutali kwambiri.
Guillemot wonenepa kwambiri, monga woimira mbalame yam'nyanja, ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe... Chitetezo cha mbalameyi chimachitika m'malo ena osungira, komwe kumakonzekereratu malo obisalirako kapena malo obisalirako.
