Zosangalatsa ndi mbalame yaying'ono yosaka ya mtundu wa falcon, womwe umakhala makamaka m'maiko a Eurasia ndi North Africa. Nyamayo imadyetsa makamaka tizilombo tina ndi mbalame zing'onozing'ono, zomwe zimatha kugwira zikamauluka. Cheglok ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha zomwe amachita, changu komanso kulimba mtima.
Ndiwosaka bwino komanso kholo losamala. Mitunduyi imakhala yodziwika bwino, gawo lalikulu la nyengo yozizira limasamukira ku Africa kapena ku Asia. Komwe dzina limayambira ku Russia sikumveka kwenikweni.
Kutengera malingaliro ambiri, mawu oti "cheglok" adachokera ku "chegl" wakale waku Russia, kutanthauza "wowona, weniweni". Pali lingaliro kuti ndichifukwa chake mbalameyi, ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, imakhala m'gulu la mphamba zotchuka zosaka: peregrine falcon, gyrfalcon ndi saker falcon.
Kufotokozera za zosangalatsa
Maonekedwe
Wolimba mtima wosaka nyama amakonda ngati kope kakang'ono ka nkhono wamba... Itha kusokonezedwa mosavuta ndi nkhono zapa peregrine. Zosangalatsazo zimasiyana ndi kukula kwake kokha, mbali zazitali zam'munsi ndi miyendo yofiira. Ngakhale kukhalapo kwamitundu yakuda, yoyera, yofiirira komanso yofiira mumtunduwo, mbalameyi imawoneka yokopa komanso yosiyanasiyana.
Mlomo wokondweretsayo ndi wocheperako komanso wopanda mphamvu. Tarso yaying'ono, yokutidwa ndi nthenga kumtunda. Pa miyendo ndi yopyapyala, koma osati zala zazifupi. Ngakhale thupi laling'ono, kapangidwe kake kosangalatsa kumawoneka kopepuka komanso kosangalatsa, mapikowo ndi ataliatali, chifukwa chake amatuluka pang'ono kumapeto kwa mchira woboola pakati. Akazi ndi okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna. Kulemera kwa amuna akulu kumasintha mozungulira 160-200g. Akazi - 230-250g. Kutalika ndi 319-349 ndi 329-367 mm, motsatana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mu nthenga za chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, mbali zakumtunda ndi zakumbuyo zakusangalatsazo zimakhala zofiirira kwambiri, utoto wabuluu umasowa. Dera lomwe lili pansi pa mchira ndi tibia limakhala ndi utoto wofanana ndi Hobby wakale.
Mtundu wa mbalame umasintha nthawi zonse, koma nthawi yomweyo amuna ndi akazi amawoneka ofanana, ndichifukwa chake ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa mnyamatayo ndi mtsikanayo. Mtundu "wachinyamata" - woyera, amavala zokonda zake kwa masiku 8-15 oyamba amoyo wake. Kenako chovalacho chimatenga mabala aimvi pamalopo pamimba. Nthenga zoyamba kubzala zimawoneka pafupi ndi mwezi umodzi wamoyo. Kumbuyo kumakhala ndi nthenga zakuda. Pafupi ndi mutu, ocher light shades amawoneka. Mimba imawongoleredwa ndi ma ocher omwewo, koma ndimapangidwe azitali. Mlomo wa zosangalatsa ndi wakuda-wakuda ndi utoto wabuluu m'munsi. Zotupa zachikasu zodzaza ndi zikhadabo zakuda.
Mbalame yayikulu imakhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira wabuluu pamphuno mwake. Mu nthenga zotayika, imvi iyi imazimiririka pang'onopang'ono. Mbali za occipital ndi zotumphuka za khosi zimakutidwa ndi mitsinje yoyera. Kuphimba mbali zopanda nthenga za khutu, komanso masharubu otsanzira ndi amdima wakuda, mikwingwirima imawonekera pansipa. Chifuwa, mbali ndi peritoneum ndizoyera, zokhala ndi mawanga akuda kwakutali. Gawo la peritoneum pafupi ndi mchira, m'munsi mwendo, komanso mchira wamphongo ndi wofiira. Mwa akazi, ali ndi ocher kapena utoto wofiyira wokhala ndi mawanga abulauni, omwe amawonekeranso pakatikati pa mapiko. Madera omwe thupi lanu silimaphimbidwa ndi nthenga ndi ofanana ndi achinyamata.
Moyo
Kabawi wokonda kusewera amakhala kulikonse, komwe nyengo imaloleza. Amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse komwe kuli nkhalango, mitsinje ndi malo otseguka pafupi. Zomwe amakonda kuchita zimauluka mwachangu, nthawi zina nthawi zina. Chifukwa cha kulemera ndi kapangidwe ka thupi, lomwe limalola kuti lizitha kugwira mafunde ampweya komanso momwe mphepo imayendera, imatha kuuluka kwakanthawi osakweza mapiko ake.
Chikhalidwe cha mbalamezo chimakhala chokhudzidwa komanso chokhudzidwa, ndizovuta kwambiri komanso kuyenda.... Izi nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pamalingaliro awo kulinga kwa oyandikana nawo. Anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi "sagwirizana" ndi mbalame zilizonse. Pakati pawo pakhoza kukhala oimira mitundu ina komanso achibale. Kuphatikiza apo, kusowa kwaubwenzi sikutsimikiziridwa ndi njala, kusowa kwa chakudya kapena mpikisano, ndi gawo chabe la chikhalidwe cha ochita zosangalatsa.
Ndizosangalatsa!Pozindikira kukhalapo kwa mbalame ina, sangachite ulesi kuti ayambe ndewu nthawi yomweyo. Mbalame zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimabwera m'masomphenya a masewerawa zimawoneka ngati nyama. Ndipo ngakhale sikuti aliyense akhoza kugwira bwino, wochita masewerawa amayesetsa kwambiri.
Wovulaza amene amakhala pafupi ndi malo aanthu sangachite zoyipa, koma zosiyana. Ikhoza kuthandiza kuchepetsa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono monga mpheta ndi nyenyezi. Hobbyist pa liwiro akhoza ndithu kupikisana ndi sitima, koma pa nthawi yomweyo iye sanyalanyaza thandizo lake mu kusaka. Kutsatira sitimayo, wosaka nthengayo amagwira mbalame, zomwe zimachotsedwa m'nthambi zobisalazo ndi phokoso ndi kubangula kwa sitima yomwe ikuyenda.
Pakati pamasewera achikondi, nkhono amatha kukondana kwambiri kuposa kale. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri amuna omwe amakopeka ndi amuna amadyetsa amuna amadyetsa akazi kuchokera pakamwa pothawa kuti awasonyeze chifundo. Amakonda kukhazikika mumitengo, kukwera malo okwera. Payenera kukhala madzi ambiri pafupi (mtsinje, nyanja, kapena mtsinje wosavuta), nkhalango zowirira kuzungulira chisa, komanso malo omasuka kapena kapinga komwe ochita masewera amatha kusaka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, khwatsi samamanga zisa, amakhala opanda kanthu, kapena amathamangitsa eni ake mwa omwe amamukonda. Awiriwa amateteza nyumba yawo kwa anthu obisalira, ndipo mwamunayo nawonso amatero.
Ndi angati a hoglok omwe amakhala
Nthawi yokhala ndi moyo wokonda kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri imakhala zaka 17-20, koma opitilira muyeso amadziwika, omwe zaka zawo zidafika zaka 25.
Subpecies zokonda
Pachikhalidwe, pali magulu awiri a anthu ochita zokometsera zolaula, awa ndi a Falco subbuteo streichi Hartert und Neumann, ndi Falco subbuteo Linnaeus. Woyamba - 1907, amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Izi zimakhazikika; zimapezekanso mdera kuyambira kumwera chakum'mawa kwa China kupita ku Myanmar.
Mitundu yachiwiri idayamba ku 1758, yogawidwa kwambiri kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa komanso ku Europe (kupatula gawo lakumwera chakum'mawa). A subspecies osamukira, amakhala ozizira ku Asia kapena South Africa.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Zosangalatsazo zimasankha nkhalango zowoneka bwino pamoyo wokhala ndi malo otseguka osaka nyama. Itha kupanga chisa pafupifupi dera lonse la nkhalango ku USSR wakale. Taiga (mbali zake zakumpoto) amadziwika kuti ndi osiyana. Komanso, nkhonoyi imapezeka ku Italy, Western Europe ndi Asia Minor, ku Spain, Mongolia, Asia ndi Greece. Zosangalatsa sizikhala ku South Asia, dera lotentha la West Africa, India ndi China.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kabawi kakang'ono kamasankha nkhalango zosawerengeka kuti zikaikire mazira. Mitundu yokondedwa ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana kapena zakale zazitali zapaini.
Titha kuwona kumapeto kwa nkhalango, kunja kwa malo opangira sphagnum, m'mbali mwa mtsinje waukulu, pamalo odyetserako ziweto pafupi ndi malo olimapo. Cheglok amapewa taiga yamdima mosalekeza komanso malo opanda mitengo.
Chakudya, kuchotsera zosangalatsa
Nyamayo imadyetsa makamaka mbalame zazing'ono, komanso tizilombo. Nthawi zambiri, agulugufe, kafadala ndi agulugufe amakhala omwe amazunzidwa. Kuyambira mbalame, mphamba amakonda kusangalala ndi nyenyezi, mpheta ndi tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. Usiku, wokonda masewerawa amathanso kumenyanso. Amakondanso kukhazikika pafupi ndi malo a mbalame zotchedwa swallows, swifts wakuda, nyenyezi. Mbewa ndi nyama zina zazing'ono zapadziko lapansi zimatha kugwidwa mwangozi, chifukwa mbalameyi imasaka m'mlengalenga.
Kubereka ndi ana
Pakusamuka, mbalame zimabwerera kumalo awo okhala ndi zisa... Izi zimachitika kuyambira pa Epulo 15 mpaka Meyi 10, pomwe nthambi za mitengo zimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira. Nthawi yokwatirana, maanja amakhala otakataka kwambiri. Amakhala akugwira ntchito mlengalenga, ndikulakalaka owonera wamba ndi ma pirouettes osangalatsa. Pambuyo posankha chisa choyambirira (monga tafotokozera kale), mbalame zimatha kuchigwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo motsatira. Clutching imachitika kumapeto kwa Juni kapena Julayi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mkazi amatha kuikira mazira awiri kapena 6 amtundu wa imvi kapena bulauni wowala bwino. Masayizi a dzira limodzi amachokera ku 29 mpaka 36 mm. Nthawi yosankhira anapiye ndi masiku 27-33.
Mkazi amakhala pamazira, pomwe wamwamuna amachita nawo chakudya ndikuwadyetsa bwino mayi wamtsogolo. M'masiku oyamba, ndiye wamkazi yekhayo amene amachita kudyetsa anapiye oyera, "makolo" atabweretsa chakudya pamodzi. Ali ndi zaka 30-35 masiku, anapiye, monga lamulo, amatha kuwuluka kale. Makolo pafupifupi milungu isanu yowonjezera adzawapezera chakudya, pambuyo pake ana ang'onoang'ono akuyenera kuwonetsa kuyima pawokha.
Adani achilengedwe
Hobbyist alibe mdani... Popeza "chikhalidwe chawo choyipa", malo osafikika a zisa ndi kulimbikira kwawo kuthawa, sadzakhala nyama yosavuta. Odwala kapena okalamba okha ndi omwe angakumane ndi mdani. Zokonda sizigwirizana ndi munthu. Kukhala pafupi, ndikofunikira posungira zokololazo, chifukwa zimawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mbalame zazing'ono "zobera" mosangalala kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Poganizira za kugawidwa kwa madera, anthu omwe ali ndi hoglok ali pafupifupi awiriawiri 3 miliyoni. Mitunduyi sinatchulidwe mu Red Book.
