Nyanga yakuda (Cygnus melancoryphus) ndi ya oda ya Anseriformes.
Kufalikira kwa tsekwe la khosi lakuda.
Ma swans okhala ndi khosi lakuda amagawidwa pagombe lakumwera kwa South America komanso nyanja zamkati m'chigawo cha Neotropical. Amapezeka ku Patagonia. Amakhala ku Tierra del Fuego ndi zilumba za Falkland. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimasamukira kumpoto kupita ku Paraguay ndi kumwera kwa Brazil.
Malo okhala ndi khosi lakuda lakuda.
Ma swans a khosi lakuda amakonda madera osaya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific. Amakhala kunyanja, kunyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi madambo. Madera okhala ndi udzu woyandama amasankhidwa makamaka. Makosi akuda akuda amafalikira kuchokera kunyanja mpaka ma 1200 mita.
Mverani mawu a tsekwe la khosi lakuda.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa tsekwe la khosi lakuda.
Makosi akuda akuda ndi oimira ang'onoang'ono a anseriformes. Amakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi - kuyambira masentimita 102 mpaka 124. Kulemera kwa amuna kuchokera ku 4.5 kg mpaka 6.7 kg, akazi amalemera pang'ono - kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 4.5 kg. Mapiko a mapiko amakhalanso osiyana, mapiko amphongo amphongo ndi 43.5 mpaka 45.0 cm, mwa akazi kuchokera masentimita 40.0 mpaka 41.5. Nthenga za thupi ndi zoyera. Khosi ndilotalika modabwitsa komanso mokongola mumdima, mutu ndi kamvekedwe komweko.
Mitundu yosiyanayi imasiyanitsa chinsalu chakuda chakuda ndi ma swans ena. Ma specks oyera nthawi zina amawoneka pakhosi ndi pamutu. Mlomo wa buluu-imvi umawonekera moyang'ana kumbuyo kwa khungu lofiira lomwe lili pansi pa maso. Mzere woyera kumbuyo kwa diso umafikira kumbuyo kwa khosi. Makosi akuda akuda ali ndi mapiko oyera. Miyendo ndi ya pinki, yafupikitsidwa, komanso yopanda malire kotero kuti ma swans amalephera kuyenda pansi. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa akazi. Mbalame zazing'ono zokhala ndi nthenga za utoto wonyezimira. Khosi lawo lakuda ndi nthenga zoyera zimawoneka mchaka chachiwiri chamoyo.
Kubalana kwa swan wakuda khosi lakuda.
Makosi akuda akuda ndi mbalame imodzi. Amapanga awiriawiri, ngati mbalame imodzi yamwalira, tsekwe yomwe idatsala imapeza mnzake. Nthawi yoswana imayamba kuyambira Julayi mpaka Novembala. Nthawi yokolola, yamphongo imathamangitsa ngakhale kumenyana ndi mnzakeyo, kenako nkubwerera kwa mnzake kuti akachite nawo chibwenzi chovuta kwambiri momwe amawonetsera nthenga zake.
Pambuyo pomenya nkhondo, kukupiza mapiko ake, yamphongo nthawi zonse imakuwa, kutambasula khosi lake ndikukweza mutu wake.
Kenaka amuna ndi akazi amamiza mitu yawo m'madzi kenako ndikutambasula makosi awo, ndikupanga mayendedwe mozungulira m'madzi. Mwambo wapadera "wopambana" ukuwonetsa zovuta. Chisa chimamangidwa m'mabedi wandiweyani m'mbali mwa matupi amadzi. Wamphongo amabweretsa zinthu, amatola masamba omwe atsukidwa kumtunda kuti amange nsanja yayikulu, yomwe imamizidwa pang'ono m'madzi. Kutentha kwa mbalame kumakhala ngati chikho. Yaimuna imateteza mazira komanso kuteteza chisa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Masamba akhungu lakuda amaikira mazira mu Julayi. Makulidwe a Clutch amasiyana pakati pa 3, pazipita mpaka mazira 7.
Mkazi amakhala pachisa masiku 34 mpaka 37. Mazirawo ndi 10.1 x 6.6 cm kukula ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 238 magalamu. Achinyamata achinyamata amachoka patatha milungu 10, komabe amakhala ndi makolo awo kwa miyezi 8 mpaka 14 asanakhale odziyimira pawokha, ali ndi zaka zitatu amapanga awiriawiri. Anawo amakhala ndi makolo awo mpaka chilimwe chamawa, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka nyengo yotsatira yachisanu.
Mbalame zazikulu zonse zimanyamula anapiye kumbuyo kwawo, koma nthawi zambiri yamphongo imachita izi, chifukwa chachikazi imayenera kudyetsa kwambiri kuti ibwezeretse kulemera komwe idataya ikamadula. Anawo amadyetsedwa ndi kutetezedwa ku zolusa ndi makolo onse awiri. Mkazi ngakhale akamadyetsa amakhala pafupi ndi chisa. Swans ya khosi lakuda imadziteteza mwamphamvu kwa adani ndi kumenyedwa kuchokera pakamwa ndi mapiko awo, koma anthu akawoneka mwamantha, nthawi zambiri amasiya zisa zawo osaphimba mazira awo.
Amakhala kuthengo kwa zaka 10 - 20, zaka 30. Ali mu ukapolo, amakhala zaka 20.
Makhalidwe a tsekwe la khosi lakuda.
Masamba akuda ndi mbalame zachikhalidwe kunja kwa nyengo yoswana.
M'nyengo yobereketsa, amakhala amtundu ndikubisala pakati pa mabango ndi zomera zina.
Pakuberekana, mbalame zimakhalira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena awiriawiri, koma zimadzipanganso pambuyo poti zibereke, ndikupanga gulu la anthu chikwi chimodzi. Gululo limatha kuyenda molingana ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya ndi nyengo, koma nthawi zambiri limakhala likumwera kum'mwera kwa South America lisanapite kumpoto. Ma swans a khosi lakuda amakhala nthawi yayitali pamadzi, chifukwa amasunthira movutikira kumtunda chifukwa chokhazikitsidwa mwapadera miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, yomwe imasinthidwa posambira. Pakakhala zoopsa, zimakwera m'mwamba mwachangu ndikuuluka mtunda wautali. Mbalamezi ndi zina mwa ndege zothamanga kwambiri pakati pa swans, ndipo zimatha kuthamanga liwiro la ma mailosi 50 pa ola limodzi.
Kudya tsekwe la khosi lakuda.
Makosi akuda akuda amadyetsa makamaka zomera zam'madzi, nthawi zambiri amapeza chakudya pansi pamadzi. Ali ndi mulomo wolimba wokhala ndi mapiri osongoka komanso msomali kumapeto kwake. Pamwamba pa lilime pali zotumphukira zothandizidwa ndi swans zomwe zimabzala mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, mano ophatikirapo amathandiza kusefa chakudya chochepa pamwamba pamadzi. Makosi akuda akuda makamaka ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimadya pondweed, yarrow, udzu winawake wamtchire ndi zomera zina zam'madzi. Amadya nyama zopanda msana ndipo samakonda nsomba kapena mazira achule.
Kuteteza kwa tsekwe lakuda.
Chiwerengero cha nsomba yakuda ndi khosi lakuda ndichokhazikika. Mitunduyi imapezeka ponseponse m'malo ambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ilibe malire azomwe zitha kutetezedwa. Pazifukwa izi, tsekwe lakuda ndi khosi lakuda limavoteledwa ngati mtundu wina wosawopseza kwenikweni.
Komabe, mbalame zimasakidwa kuti zifundire, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala ndi zofunda nyengo yozizira. Ngakhale kufunika kwa nyama kukucheperachepera, mbalame zikupitilizabe kuwomberedwa.
Chifukwa chokhala bata, khosi lakuda lakuda ndi mbalame yofunika kwambiri yoswana.
Ma Swans amagulitsidwanso kwambiri. Popeza si mitundu yachilendo, amatumizidwa ku North America. Kuphatikiza apo, chitukuko cha zokopa alendo ku Zilumba za Falkland chikuwonetsedwa mu kuchuluka kwa swans ya khosi lakuda, yomwe imakopa okonda nyama. M'malo awo, mbalame zimayang'anira kukula kwa zomera zam'madzi, kuwonjezera pamenepo, kupezeka kwawo m'nyanjayi kumatsimikizira kuti madzi ndi abwino.
Ziwerengero zakuda za khosi lakuda zikuchepa chifukwa cha kutayika kwa malo okhala, zomwe zimachitika madambwe ndi madambwe ambiri atathiridwa madzi. Pakali pano ndiwopseza kwambiri mitunduyo.
