AxolotlNdi amphibian wosalimba yemwe amakhala m'mitsinje yaku Mexico. Amadzuka usiku, pansi pazifukwa zoyenera amakhala ambistoma, yomwe imasaka m'nkhalango zowirira.Axolotl pachithunzichi zikuwoneka zosangalatsa. Nyama imakopa diso ndikumwetulira kosamveka.
Kufotokozera kwa axolotl ndi mawonekedwe ake
Kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi la munthu wokhwima ndi masentimita 45, koma zambiri mwa zolengedwazi zimakhala ndi masentimita 32. amphibian axolotl sikulemera kupitirira magalamu 285. Thupi lake limakutidwa pang'ono ndi khungu losalimba. Wokhala m'madzi oyera a axolotl amatchedwa chinjoka cham'nyanja, ili ndi miyendo yaying'ono ya 4, mchira wosazunguliridwa.
Chifukwa cha iye, wokhala m'madzi abwino amayenda bwino pamadzi. Mutu wa cholengedwa ichi ndi wotakata, maso ndi ofiira kapena ofiira, mkamwa ndi waukulu. Chofunika kwambiri pa chinjoka chamadzi ndikumwetulira kwake pankhope pake. Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, mitundu yamdima yama axolotls imafala. Ndipo okhala m'malo osungira ochepa amakhala ndi golide, pichesi-pinki kapena mtundu wowala.
Ma Albino axolotls ali ndi maso ofiira. Mosasamala kanthu za mitundu, chinjoka cham'madzi ndichosiyana kwambiri ndi zolengedwa zina zam'madzi. Amatha kukhala m'madzi komanso pamtunda. Axolotl amakonda kudya:
- tizilombo;
- mwachangu;
- mazira.
Masiku ano chinjoka cham'madzi chimakonda kwambiri akatswiri am'madzi. Amakondedwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola, osangalatsa komanso kusangalala. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amanena kuti axolotl ili ndi luso lobwezeretsa.
Ngati amphibian atatsala opanda chikhwangwa, pakapita kanthawi chimakula chatsopano. Ziwalo zamkati za axolotl zimatha kupanganso zokha. Asayansi akufufuzabe za zamoyo za chinjoka cham'madzi. Axolotl, yotsalira paunyamata, imatha kupanga mwachangu.
Chofunika china cha amphibian ndi neoteny. Chinjoka chamadzi chimatha kubala ana, otsalira ndi mphutsi. Amatha kukhala grub nthawi zonse. Koma ngati wokhala m'madzi oyera amapezeka m'malo osavomerezeka kwa iye, amayamba kukula bwino.
Mukasunga axolotl kunyumba, posungira kakang'ono sikuyenera kuloledwa kuuma. Nthawi zovuta, chinjoka chamadzi chimakhala ambistoma. Kubadwanso kwina kumatha milungu itatu mpaka 4. Munthawi imeneyi, mphutsi zimataya mphuno zomwe zili kunja kwa thupi, zimasintha mtundu ndi mawonekedwe.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, asayansi a ku France anapeza kuti axolotl ikhoza kukula. Kenako mphutsi zina zinkasungidwa m'minda yapadera. Kuti asinthe chinjoka chamadzi kukhala champhongo, kuchuluka kwamadzi mu dziwe laling'ono kumatsitsidwa ndikumawonjezera nthaka.
Patapita kanthawi, axolotl imatuluka, pang'onopang'ono imazolowera momwe zinthu zimakhalira. Ena mwa ma aquarist amadyetsa nyama yam'madzi ndi chakudya chomwe chimakhala ndi zowonjezera mahomoni. Ngati mulibe luso loyenera, ndibwino kuti musayese kuyesa kubadwanso kwina, mphutsi zimatha kufa!
Ambistoma nthawi zambiri imafaniziridwa ndi salamander. Thupi la zokwawa ndi lalikulu, koma lalikulu. Mchira ndi wokulirapo, khungu limasalala makamaka, miyendo ndiyochepa. Mutu wa nyama siung'ono.
Mwachilengedwe, pali ma ambistomas okhala ndi mawanga abuluu ndi mikwingwirima yayikulu. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi mafupa awiri, mano amakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana. Kumtchire, ambistoma amakhala zaka 8 - 10.
Mitundu
Mwachilengedwe, pali mtundu umodzi wa axolotl - Mexico. Wokongola modabwitsa, wanzeru, wosinthidwa ndimatenda osiyanasiyana amapatsa ana, pokhala achichepere kwambiri. Chinjoka chamadzi ku Mexico ndichachichepere, ndichinyengo, chosewerera. Ndi mphutsi ya Ambystoma mexicanum, yomwe imapezeka ku Mexico.
Black axolotl ndi subspecies. Monga msuwani wake, imaswana ngati mphutsi. Axolotl wa subspecies amasungidwa m'madzi kutentha. Wokhala m'madzi abwino sakhala wokangalika, amakhala wodekha.
Chinjoka chamadzi chakuda chimakhala chamtendere, koma chimatha kuluma mnzake kumapazi, kotero woweta amafunika kusamala kwambiri! Ngati palibe dothi lomwe lalowa pachilondacho, kusinthika kumachitika mwachangu. Mtundu wa thupi umatengera mtundu wa mphutsi. Pamene majini amasintha, axolotl imasinthidwa kukhala mtundu wa thupi.
Mitundu yamtchire ya amphibian ndi yobiriwira, ili ndi madontho agolide kapena akuda padziko lonse lapansi. Mphutsi zowala ndizochepa. Ma axolotls oterewa apanga ntchito zoteteza. Anthu owala kwambiri ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Kunyumba, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma pink amphibiya owala, omwe ali ndi maso akuda. Ma Albino axolotls ndi ofiira ndipo ali ndi maso ofiira. Zinyama za m'madzi zagolide zili ndi maso ofanana ndi matupi awo. Ma axolot akuda amakhalanso otchuka kwambiri. Anthu owala nthawi zambiri amawoneka.
Tiger ambistoma ndi nyama yomwe idawoneka chifukwa ch kusintha. Kukula kwa thupi lake kumafika masentimita 27 (kuphatikiza mchira). Akambuku a kambuku ali ndi thupi la azitona lokhala ndi mawanga kapena mikwingwirima.
Nyama imeneyi imakonda kukhala maso usiku. Masana imabisala, madzulo imayamba kusaka nkhono. Zolemba za akambuku za Albino zidapezeka mwanjira yachilendo. Mitsempha ya nyama zotere ndizofiyira kwambiri.
Marbleambistoma axolotl- chilengedwe chapadera kwambiri. Thupi lake lakuda limakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yofanana ndi marble. Ambistoma yamtunduwu ndi yaying'ono, kukula kwake kwa munthu ndi masentimita 11 okha.
Nyama imakhala ndi moyo wakutali, imabisala m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zowuma, nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'manda. Marble ambistoma amakonda kudya nyongolotsi, nkhono, centipedes.
Ambistoma axolotl wachikasu amadziwika ndi mawanga achikaso owala padziko lonse lapansi. Koma mitundu ina yamtunduwu ilibe mawanga. Nyama imakonda kubisala m'maenje, koma nthawi zambiri imatuluka ikamagwa mvula.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mwachilengedwe, axolotl imapezeka m'mitsinje yaku Mexico. Amakhalanso m'nyanja ya Xochimilco. Malo osungira omwe chinjoka chamadzi chimakhala atatha pakapita nthawi. Axolotl imayamba mizu m'madzi ndi mitsinje yapakatikati.
Amamva bwino m'madzi ndi kutentha kuyambira + 14 mpaka + 19 madigiri Celsius. Koma ikagwa mpaka + madigiri 7 kwakanthawi, axolotl imakhalapobe. Mphutsi siyosiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito, imakhala pansi pamadzi ndikudikirira nyama kuti isambirepo.
Zakudya zabwino
Ngati chinjoka cha axolotl chimachita mwakhama, ndiye usiku wokha. Mwachilengedwe, mbozi imadya tizilombo komanso mwachangu. Pakamwa pakamwa pake pamathandizira kugwira mwachangu ndi kumeza nyama. Pamene mphutsi zikusaka, zimayendetsa madzi. Axolotls amameza nyama yawo yonse. Amadya mphutsi ndipo mwachangu kamodzi masiku awiri. Ngati kulibe chakudya, axolotl imasala kudya masiku 15. Anthu ena amadyetsa anzawo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mphutsi, miyezi 6, imakhala yokhwima pogonana. Kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupitilira masentimita 25. Nthawi yokhathamira ya chinjoka chamadzi imayamba mu Marichi kapena Seputembala. Kuti mphutsi ichulukane bwino, kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa + 20 madigiri.
Mwamuna mmodzi, monga lamulo, amakola akazi 3 - 4. Pambuyo pake, akazi amatayira mazira ofanana ndi mwachangu. Pambuyo masiku 7 - 8 amafika kukula kwa masentimita 1.5. Mphutsi za mwezi umodzi zimakula masentimita 8. Axolotl, yemwe ali ndi miyezi 10, amakhala ndi zikhalidwe zogonana. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa akazi.
Mwachangu Axolotl ali ndi timitsempha tating'ono kwambiri. 7 - 8 patatha masiku 8 kuchokera kubadwa, anawo amakula miyendo kumbuyo, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi itatu, yakutsogolo imayamba. Munthawi yakukula mwachangu, mwachangu ayenera kudyetsedwa bwino, koma chakudya chochuluka kwambiri sichiyenera kuperekedwa, chifukwa kagayidwe kake kamatha kusokonezedwa. Choyamba, ndi bwino kuwadyetsa ndi ma ciliates, kenako pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera ma cyclops pazakudya (choyamba, anawo amadya zazing'ono, kenako amasinthana ndi zazikulu).
Patapita kanthawi, kudzakhala kovuta kuti azolowere bloodworms. Mphutsi zazing'ono zimayenera kudyetsedwa chimodzimodzi ndi akulu. Mwachangu, zomwe zili m'malo atsopano kwa iwo okha, amataya timitsempha ndi khola. Ngati axolotl yasandulika kukhala ambisto, imayamba kusungunuka. Nyama imasintha mtundu, kakhola kamene kali kumbuyo kwake kamakhala kozungulira.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amakhulupirira kuti mtundu wa mwachangu umadalira osati majini okha, komanso kuwala kwake. Chinjoka chamadzi, chomwe chimasungidwa pansi pa kuwala kofiira, chimakhala chakuda. M'madzi achilengedwe axolotls amakhala mpaka zaka 19!
Mtengo
Mtengo wa Axolotl zimatengera zaka komanso zimasiyanasiyana ma ruble 300 mpaka 1200. Mutha kugula wokhalamo madzi oyera pamalo ogulitsira ziweto kapena pa intaneti.
Kusamalira kunyumba ndi kukonza
Axolotls adabwera ku Europe m'zaka za zana la 19 ndipo adayamba kutchuka kwambiri. Mpaka pano, akatswiri am'madzi ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana amabereketsa nyama zabwinozi kunyumba. Kuti axolotl ikhazikike mumadzi osungira, muyenera kudziwa zomwe zili.
Ndibwino kuti mphutsi zizisiyana wina ndi mzake, chifukwa nthawi zina zimadya zipatso. Ena mwa ma aquarist amaika amphibiya mu dziwe lomwelo. Poterepa, anthuwa ayenera kukhala ofanana kukula, komanso ayenera kupatsidwa malo awoawo.
Wamkulu m'modzi amafuna malita 50 a madzi. Ponena za kuya kwa aquarium, sikuyenera kukhala ochepera masentimita 20. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe ndi chilengedwe, mphutsi zimakhala pansi. Ndizoletsedwa kusunga axolotl ndi nsomba zam'madzi, achule, ndi slugs.
Nsomba zoweta, pakuziwona koyamba, ndizodekha, koma zimatha kukuna kudzera m'miyendo yosalimba ya chinjoka cham'madzi. Ngati nsombazo ndizochepa kwambiri, mphutsi za axolotl zimangodya usiku. Axolotl imamva bwino m'madzi, kutentha kwake sikupitilira 20 madigiri Celsius.
Nsomba zimafuna madzi otentha mosiyanasiyana. Nkhono zimayesanso kuluma nyongolotsi. Achule amatha kupatsira wokhala m'nyanja yam'madzi zoopsa.Zolemba za Axolotlamafuna chisamaliro!
Zimapangitsa kukhala kwakukulu osati kutentha kokha, komanso mtundu wamadzi. Ngati chizindikirocho chikwera pamwambapa + 23 madigiri, wokhala m'nyanjayi amakhala ndi nkhawa yayikulu. Mphutsi zina zimadwala ndikufa. Axolotl iyenera kusungidwa m'madzi oyera opanda chlorine. Mulingo wa pH uyenera kukhala mkati mwa mayunitsi 7.5.
Ngatinyumba ya axolotlazikhala m'madzi akuda, thanzi lake lidzavutika kwambiri. Kuti mphutsi ikhale ndi chitetezo champhamvu, m'pofunika kuyisunga m'madzi oyera okha. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kukhazikitsa fyuluta.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa madzi kumakhudza kwambiri kupuma kwa axolotl. Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kudzaza madzi ndi mpweya, chifukwa ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kompresa.
Mukamabereka zimbalangondo m'madzi mu aquarium, ma nuances ayenera kuganiziridwa. Mphutsi zimatha kumeza zinthu zing'onozing'ono, kuphatikizapo timiyala, mchenga waukulu, ndi timiyala ta miyala. Kuti muwapatse microclimate yabwino, ndibwino kuwonjezera miyala yaying'ono ku aquarium. Axolotls nthawi zambiri amabisala kwa eni ake.
Kuti wokhala mu aquarium asatopetse, muyenera kum'mangira (mkati mwa chidebe). Mphutsi ilibe maso akuthwa kwambiri. Zomera za Aquarium zitha kuthandizidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Chinjoka chamadzi chimafuna zomera. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika cladophore mu aquarium, chomeracho chimatsuka madzi, ndikuwongolera kapangidwe kake.
Ma aquarists ovomerezeka ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe angadyetse chinjoka cham'madzi. Axolotl ndi nyama yolusa, koma simungayigonjetse. Ngati pali kagayidwe kofulumira kapena mukamadyetsa axolotl samadya chakudya chonse, madziwo ayenera kusinthidwa kamodzi masiku awiri.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kudyetsa ana kamodzi masiku atatu. Ayenera kupatsidwa zakudya zabwino kwambiri zomanga thupi. Mapuloteni ngati ma pellets oyenera nsomba zowononga ndizoyenera. Axolotls amakonda kusangalala ndi cod kapena hake fillets. Mutha kuwapatsa nyongolotsi, nyongolotsi zamagazi, mamazelo. Pofuna kusiyanitsa zakudya za chinjoka cham'madzi, muyenera kum'patsa nsomba za m'madzi, mwachitsanzo, ana agalu kapena ana.
Ndizoletsedwa kudyetsa mphutsi nyama, mankhwalawa ali ndi zinthu zomwe ndizovuta kukumba. Kutentha m'thamanda lopangira kukwera ndikugwa, ma axolotls amaberekana okha.
Poterepa, ndi bwino kufupikitsa masana ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa mpweya ndi madigiri angapo. Mu aquarium, mkazi amayikira mazira pa algae. Poterepa, muyenera kukhazikitsa zabwino kwambirizikhalidwe za axolotl.
Pambuyo masiku 15-20, amaswa ana. Ndi bwino kusunthira ku aquarium yosiyana ndikudyetsa ndi nsomba zodulidwa. Ulamuliro wa kutentha sayenera kuphwanyidwa, apo ayi mwachangu amayamba kupweteka. Ngati mumadyetsa molakwika munthu wokhala m'madzi abwino, amadwala:
- kutsekeka m'matumbo;
- kudwala kwa chichereĊµechereĊµe minofu;
- matenda a anorexia;
- matenda ena owopsa.
Kutsekeka kwa m'matumbo kumayamba pamene axolotl imameza mchenga kapena miyala. Zotsatira zake ndikusiya kudya, kuchepa thupi msanga. Zikatero, muyenera kuwonetsa chinjoka chamadzi kwa owona zanyama. Dokotala amakupimitsani ndipo mwina adzaitanitsa opareshoni. Matenda a cartilage amapezeka chifukwa chakuti axolotl ilibe calcium, vitamini D.
Chinyama chimakhala chotopa, chosagwira ntchito, nthawi zina thupi lake limafufuma. Chithandizo chikuchitika kokha ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino. Anorexia wa axalotl ndi matenda omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana. Chifukwa chake ndi kukhalapo kwa tiziromboti m'thupi. Nthawi zina, anorexia imalumikizidwa ndi zakudya zosasangalatsa. Axolotl amakana kudya, thupi lake silichepa, koma limafufuma. Kuti muchiritse nyama, muyenera kuyidyetsa ndi dzira losweka kapena mungu mu granules.
Ascites ndi matenda ena owopsa a axolotl. Amakula pamene kagayidwe kamasokonezedwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa nthawi zambiri zimakhala mabakiteriya omwe alowa mthupi ndi madzi abwino. Zizindikiro za anorexia zimaphatikizapo kuphulika, kusowa kwa njala, ulesi, ulesi.
Ngatichinjoka cha axolotl amatenga matenda opatsirana, ndikofunikira kuti amasiyanitse ndi abale ake. Pofuna kuchiza matendawa, adokotala amapereka mankhwala opha tizilombo, okodzetsa. Mulimonsemo, simungachite chithandizo chodziyimira pawokha cha mphutsi, izi zitha kubweretsanso mavuto!
Axolotls ndiwodabwitsa kwambiri okhala m'madzi amchere. Ndiwofatsa, osangalala, osafuna kwenikweni kuwasamalira. Ngati mukugwira chinjoka chamadzi m'manja mwanu, samalani chifukwa ndi chosalimba komanso chosakhwima kwambiri.
Minofu ya cartilage ya wokhala m'madzi abwino siochuluka, kutengeka, kuyenda kosavuta kumatha kuvulaza.Nyama ya Axolotl wamanyazi. Amatha kuluma mbuye wake pang'ono ngati atamugwira.
