Aliyense amene ayamba kuchita zamadzi, ndipo, mwina, akatswiri odziwa zamadzi samasiya kudabwa ndi kusinthasintha komanso kusazolowereka kwa nzika zomwe zilipo. Nthawi zambiri, powona nyanja imodzi yamadzi, ambiri amayang'ana mosangalala, kuyiwala pafupifupi chilichonse padziko lapansi. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa konse, zomera zosazolowereka, zogwedezeka kuchokera kumitsinje yotsika ndikukwera, nsomba zowala zamitundu yonse ndi mitundu yomweyo zimakopa diso la munthu wamba mumsewu. Koma pali ena mwa iwo omwe, mwa zachilendo zawo, amatha kukopa chidwi cha alendo aliwonse kwanthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, ziwetozi zimaphatikizapo katemera wosasunthika wosasintha, womwe tikambirana m'nkhani yamasiku ano.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za nsomba zam'madzi izi ndizotheka kusambira mozondoka. Mukawona kansomba kameneka, mutha kuganiza kuti china chake chachitika kwa iwo, koma mutha kuganiza mpaka mutawadziwa bwino.
Kotero, choyambirira, ziyenera kudziwika kuti synodontis catfish ndi oimira banja la Mochokidae, dongosolo la Siluriformes. Mutha kukumana nawo ndikupita kumphepete mwa mitsinje yomwe ili ku Cameroon ndi Congo. Koma ngakhale pano muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, popeza mwayi wokumana ndi nsombazi ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa malo omwe pali kusakanikirana kwa zomera zowirira. Amodzi mwa malowa atha kukhala chifukwa cha madzi obwerera m'mbuyo a Malebo kapena mitsinje ya Lechini, yomwe imadziwika chifukwa chowonekera komanso mthunzi wa tiyi.
Kufotokozera
Choyambirira, nsomba izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kake ka dzino ndi utoto pamimba. Ndipo dzina lenileni la "Synodontis" ndi mitundu "nigriventris" zimangotsimikizira izi. Kuphatikiza apo, mosiyana ndi nsomba zina, momwe mtundu wakumbuyo umakhala wakuda kuposa mimba (izi ndizofunikira kuteteza motsutsana ndi nsomba kapena mbalame zaukali), shifter catfish ili ndi mimba yakuda komanso khungu loyera pang'ono kumbuyo. Ichi ndiye mawonekedwe awo osiyana ndipo adachokera poti amathera pafupifupi 90% ya nthawi yawo yaulere akusambira m'malo osokonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa choti synodontis yosuntha mawonekedwe amatenga chakudya pafupifupi pamtunda, ndikofunikira kuti iye awone zomwe zikuchitika m'madzi ozama. Ndicho chifukwa chake udindo wa thupi ndiwo wogwira mtima kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti kukhala mosungiramo zopangira, nthawi zambiri kumapezeka ndi mimba yake pafupi ndi khoma.
Nthenda yosintha ya katchi imakhala ndi thupi lotalika komanso lathyathyathya, lathyathyathya pambali. Pamutu pawo, nawonso, ali ndi maso ambiri okhala ndi ndevu zitatu zomwe zimagwira ntchito yovuta, yomwe imalola kuti nsombazi ziziyenda bwino mumlengalenga. Pakamwa pa nsombazi pamakhala zocheperako, zomwe zimawathandiza kunyamula chakudya, kumtunda ndi pansi.
Za khungu, lilibe mbale zakhungu, zachikhalidwe cha nsomba zambiri. Kuonjezera apo, iwo ali ndi chimbudzi chapadera. Pofuna kuteteza, nthumwi za mitunduyi imakhala ndi zipsepse zothinana zomwe zili kumbuyo ndi pachifuwa. Chombocho chimakhala ndi magawo awiri omveka bwino okhala ndi ziphuphu zazikulu kwambiri.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti poyamba udindo wa thupi la nsombayi unayambitsa zokambirana zazikulu pakati pa asayansi padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake ambiri aiwo adadzipereka makamaka pazokhudza kulamulira thupi lawo mlengalenga. Malinga ndi m'modzi wa iwo, njira yosazolowereka yotere idapezeka kwa iwo chifukwa cha kapangidwe kachilendo ka chikhodzodzo. Komanso, ataphunzira kangapo, zidapezeka kuti izi sizimakhudza momwe amachitirako zolimbitsa thupi komanso mawonekedwe.
Zokhutira
Choyambirira, tisaiwale kuti synodontis catfish ili ndi bata. Kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi 90 mm yokha, yomwe imalola kuti iyikidwe m'malo osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, koma makamaka ndi oyandikana nawo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.
Ndibwino kuti muzikhala ndi zotengera, zomwe voliyumu yake ndiyosachepera 80 malita. Kupatula komwe kungapangidwe kokha ngati kukonzedwa kuti kungoyika munthu m'modzi m'madzi, koma izi ndizodzaza ndi zovuta, popeza nsombazi zimakonda kukhala m'gulu.
Kuphatikiza apo, magawo aliwonse azomwe ali ndizophatikizapo:
- Kutentha kwa chilengedwe cha m'madzi ndi madigiri 24-28.
- Kuuma 5-20 dh.
- Kukhalapo kwa zomera.
Zakudya zabwino
Monga tanenera kale, nthumwi zamtunduwu sizovuta kwenikweni pakusamalira. Chifukwa chake, chakudya chamoyo, chowuma komanso chotentha chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chawo. Komanso, bzalani zakudya zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kokometsera kakang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, nkhaka zobiriwira kapena nandolo.
Kumbukirani kuti zosintha ndizolimba kwambiri ndipo zimayenda pang'onopang'ono kuposa nsomba zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti apeze chakudya.
Ngakhale
Ndi chikhalidwe chake chamtendere, mphaka wosuntha mawonekedwe amatha kukhala pafupi ndi mitundu yonse ya nsomba. Komabe, kwa ena, amatha kukhala achiwawa. Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kudziwa kuti osintha mawonekedwewo samakhudza oyandikana nawo omwe amakhala pakati ndi kumtunda kwa madzi. Ponena za nsomba zomwe zimadyetsa pafupi ndi pansi (nthawi zambiri awa ndi ma corrid ndi ototsinkluses), atha kukhala ozunzidwa ndi mphaka.
Oyandikana kwambiri ndi nsombazi ndi awa:
- cichlids wamfupi;
- Ma tetra aku Africa;
- cichlids ang'onoang'ono a Mormir.
Amakhalanso ogwirizana. Koma pano muyenera kukhala osamala, popeza muli ndi makwerero ovuta kwambiri, wachibale wocheperako komanso wofowoka amatha kugwidwa ndi anzawo pafupipafupi. Chifukwa chake, poyamba zizindikilo zoterezi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichitepo kanthu, mpaka kuziyika mu chotengera china.
Kuphatikiza apo, sikungakhale koyenera kuyika ma snag angapo mumtsinje wa aquarium, womwe udzakhale malo abwino ogwiritsira ntchito nsombazi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti poyandikira mtengo, amatha kusintha mtundu wawo kukhala wakuda, kukhala wosazindikirika ndi nkhuni.
Kubereka
Ngakhale zomwe zili sizodzaza ndi zovuta zazikulu, koma zokhudzana ndi kubereka kwawo, pali zambiri zochepa pano. M'chilengedwe chawo panthawi yobereka, amasamukira kunkhalango zomwe zimasefukira m'nyengo yamvula. Pali malingaliro kuti zimakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwanyengo komwe kumapangitsa kuti kubereka kukhaleko. Chifukwa chake, monga cholimbikitsira, akatswiri ena am'madzi amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwamadzi nthawi yomweyo madzi ozizira.
Komanso chosemphana kwambiri ndikuti kuswana kumachitika pamagawo a gawo lapansi kapena maenje, omwe amakonzedwa ndi nsombazo iwowo.
Kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe mkazi angaike nthawi zambiri sikupitilira 450. Mwachangu woyamba amawoneka kale tsiku la 4. Poyamba, achinyamata amasambira mofanana ndi nsomba, koma pakatha milungu 7-5 amayamba kutembenuka. Artemia ndi ma microworms amagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito ngati chakudya cha nsomba zazing'ono.
Komanso, malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa wochitidwa ndi asayansi aku America, jakisoni wa mahomoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati poyeserera mu nsombazi. Pambuyo pake, umuna ndi mazira amayenera kufinyidwa ndikutulutsa mazira, kenako ndikutsatira.
Matenda
Ngakhale oimira mitunduyi ndi nsomba zolimba, amatengeka ndimatenda osiyanasiyana, ngakhale samatero kawirikawiri. Zimasangalatsanso kutengeka ndi matenda, komwe nsomba zina zam'madera otentha zimatha kukhudzidwa.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa makamaka kuti ndikofunikira kuwunika mosamala kuchuluka kwa nitrate m'madzi osungira, kuwonjezeka komwe sikungangokhalitsa kusokonekera kwa nsombazi mlengalenga, komanso kudzakhudzanso thanzi lawo. Chifukwa chake, mulingo wawo woyenera sayenera kupitirira 20 mln-1.
Monga njira zodzitchinjiriza zomwe cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa ngakhale mwayi wochepa chabe wopezeka ndi matenda mu nsombazi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwapatse malo okhala abwino ndikuwongolera zakudya.
