Tuatara, yotchedwa tuatara (Sphenodon runctatus), ndi chokwawa chosowa kwambiri, chomwe ndi choyimira chokha chamakono chazinthu zakale zamutu wamutu ndi banja la Wedgetooth.
Kufotokozera kwa tuatara
Koyamba, ndizotheka kusokoneza tuatara ndi buluzi wamba, wamkulu kwambiri.... Koma pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyanitsa pakati pa oimira mitundu iwiriyi ya zokwawa. Kulemera kwa amuna akulu akulu a tuatara kumakhala pafupifupi kilogalamu, ndipo akazi okhwima ogonana amalemera pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri.
Maonekedwe
Momwemonso mawonekedwe a iguana, nyama ya mtundu wa Sphenodon ili ndi thupi lotalika kuyambira 65-75 cm, kuphatikiza mchira. Nyamayi imadziwika ndi mtundu wa azitona wobiriwira kapena utoto wobiriwira m'mbali mwa thupi lake. Pamiyendo pamatchulidwa, mawanga achikasu omwe amasiyana kukula.
Monga mu iguana, pamtunda wonse wakumapeto kwa chifuwa chachikulu, kuchokera kudera la occipital mpaka kumchira, kulibe lokwera kwambiri, komwe kumayimiriridwa ndi mbale, mbale zazing'ono zitatu. Ndi chifukwa chaphokoso kotero kuti chokwawa chinalandiranso dzina lina loyambirira - tuatara, lomwe limatanthawuza "prickly" potanthauzira.
Komabe, ngakhale panali mawonekedwe ofanana ndi abuluzi, pafupifupi kumapeto kwa theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, chokwawa ichi chidaperekedwa m'manja mwa mutu wa mlomo (Rhynchoserhalia), womwe umachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amthupi, makamaka mutu.
Mbali yapadera ya kapangidwe ka chifuwa cha TB ndi chinthu chosangalatsa chomwe chimaperekedwa mwa anthu achichepere kwambiri ndi nsagwada zosazolowereka, padenga la chigaza ndi mkamwa, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimayenda molingana ndi bokosi lamatenda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pofuna chilungamo, ziyenera kudziwika kuti kupezeka kwa cranial kineticism sikuli kokha mwa chokwawa ngati tuatara, komanso ndi mitundu ina ya njoka ndi abuluzi.
Kapangidwe kachilendo kameneka mu tuatara kamatchedwa cranial kineticism.... Chotsatira cha izi ndikuthekera kwa kumapeto kwa nsagwada yakunyama kuti igwadire pang'ono kutsika ndikubwezeretsanso pansi pazovuta zina mdera lina la chigaza cha reptile wosowa. Mbaliyi imabadwa ndi nyama zakufa zapadziko lapansi kuchokera ku nsomba zokhazikitsidwa pamtanda, zomwe ndi kholo lokhazikika komanso lakutali kwambiri la tuatara.
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe amkati mwa crani ndi chigoba, chidwi chapadera cha akatswiri azinyama zakunyumba ndi akunja chikuyenera kukhalapo ndi chiwalo chachilendo kwambiri mu reptile, choyimiridwa ndi parietal kapena diso lachitatu lomwe lili mu occiput. Diso lachitatu limadziwika kwambiri mwa achinyamata omwe sanakhwime kwambiri. Maonekedwe a diso lanyama amafanana ndi kachidutswa kopanda kanthu komwe kazunguliridwa ndi masikelo.
Chiwalo choterocho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi maselo osazindikira kuwala ndi mandala, pakalibe minofu yomwe imayambitsa kuyang'ana kwa diso. Pakusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa zokwawa, diso la parietal limakula kwambiri, chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kusiyanitsa mwa akulu.
Moyo ndi khalidwe
Chokwawa chimagwira pokhapokha kutentha pang'ono, ndipo kutentha kwambiri kwa nyama kumakhala pakati pa 20-23zaC. Nthawi yamasana, tuatara nthawi zonse imabisala m'maenje akuya kwambiri, koma pakayamba kuzizira kwamadzulo imasaka.
Chokwawa sichimayenda kwenikweni. Tuatara ndi imodzi mwa zokwawa zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi mawu enieni, ndipo kulira kwachisoni ndi kofuula kwa nyamayi kumamveka usiku wamatope.
Ndizosangalatsa! Makhalidwe a tuatara atha kuphatikizanso kukhalira pamodzi pazilumba zokhala ndi maimvi amphaka komanso kukhazikika kwa zisa za mbalame.
M'nyengo yozizira, nyama imabisala. Tuatara chogwiridwa ndi mchirawo chimachiponya msanga, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimalola chokwawa kuti chipulumutse moyo pamene chiukira adani achilengedwe. Njira yobwezeretsanso mchira wotayidwa imatenga nthawi yayitali.
Khalidwe ndi kuthekera kwa nthumwi za oimira mutu wokhala ndi milomo ndi banja la Klin-toothed kusambira bwino, komanso kupuma mpweya wawo kwa ola limodzi.
Utali wamoyo
Chimodzi mwazinthu zachilengedwe za cholengedwa chokwawa ngati tuatara ndichepetsanso kagayidwe kake ndikuletsa njira yamoyo, yomwe imapangitsa kuti nyama zisakule mwachangu kwambiri.
Tuatara imakula msinkhu pazaka khumi ndi zisanu kapena makumi awiri, ndipo nthawi yonse ya moyo wa reptile mwachilengedwe imatha kukhala zaka zana. Anthu omwe adaleredwa mu ukapolo, monga lamulo, amakhala osaposa zaka makumi asanu.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Malo achilengedwe a tuatara mpaka zaka za zana la khumi ndi chinayi adayimilidwa ndi South Island, koma kubwera kwa mafuko a Maori kudapangitsa kuti anthu asowa mwachangu komanso mwachangu. M'dera la North Island, anthu omaliza a zokwawa zija adawonedwa koyambirira kwa zaka makumi awiri.
Masiku ano, chokwawa chakale kwambiri ku New Zealand tuatara kumakhala zilumba zazing'ono kwambiri kufupi ndi New Zealand. Malo okhala tuatara adatsukidwa makamaka nyama zodya nyama.
Chakudya cha tuatara
Tuatara yakutchire imakonda kwambiri kudya... Zakudya za chokwawa chotere ndizosiyana kwambiri ndipo zimaimiridwa ndi tizilombo ndi mphutsi, akangaude, nkhono ndi achule, mbewa zazing'ono ndi abuluzi.
Nthawi zambiri, oimira njala akale akale a beakheads ndi mabanja amphwayi amawononga zisa za mbalame, amadya mazira ndi anapiye obadwa kumene, komanso agwira mbalame zazing'ono. Nyama yomwe wagwirayo imamezedwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu, atatha kutafuna pang'ono ndi mano otukuka kwambiri.
Kubereka ndi ana
Pakati pa nyengo yotentha, yomwe imabwera kudera la Kummwera kwa dziko lapansi pafupifupi m'masiku khumi omaliza a Januware, njira yoberekera mwachangu imayamba mwa chokwawa chosazolowereka cha mtundu wakale wa beakheads ndi banja la mano.
Pakakhala umuna, mkaziyo amaikira mazira eyiti mpaka khumi ndi asanu pakatha miyezi 9 kapena khumi... Mazira omwe amaikidwa m'mayenje ang'onoang'ono amaikidwa m'manda ndi miyala, kenako amawayala. Nthawi yokwanira ndi yayitali kwambiri, ndipo ili pafupi miyezi khumi ndi isanu, zomwe sizachilendo kwa mitundu ina ya zokwawa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mulingo woyenera wa kutentha, kulola kubadwa kwa chiwerengero chofanana cha ana a hatteria a amuna ndi akazi, ndi zisonyezo pamlingo wa 21zaKUCHOKERA.
Asayansi ochokera m'modzi mwa mayunivesite otsogola ku Wellington adachita zoyeserera zosangalatsa komanso zosazolowereka, pomwe zinali zotheka kukhazikitsa kukhalapo kwa ubale wachindunji pakati pazizindikiro za kutentha ndi kugonana kwa ana oswedwa a tuatara. Ngati makulitsidwe amachitika pakatentha kuphatikiza 18zaC, ndiye kuti akazi okha ndi omwe amabadwa, komanso kutentha kwa 22 zaAmuna okha ndi obadwira osowawa amabadwa.
Adani achilengedwe
Tuatara ndiyo yokha yomwe ingakonzekere gawo lililonse lachitukuko cha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga Amblyomma sprhenodonti Dumbleton. Posachedwa, adani achilengedwe kapena achilengedwe a zokwawa kuchokera pamiyendo yamilomo ndi banja la nyama zamankhwala a Klin adayimilidwa ndi nyama zakutchire, agalu ndi makoswe, omwe amakhala m'chigawo chachilumbachi mochuluka ndipo adathandizira kutsika kwakukulu kwa tuatara. Zilombo zakutchire zokhala mosangalala zimadya mazira ndi nyama zazinyama zosowa, zomwe zimawopseza kupulumuka kwa tuatara.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwambiri kwa njira zamagetsi, tuatara yokwawa kapena yotchedwa tuatara ili ndi chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri - imatha kupuma ndi masekondi asanu ndi awiri.
Pakadali pano, njira yothetsera zilumba zomwe "zamoyo zakale" zikuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu omwe. Kuti chiwerengero cha buluzi wamasamba atatu asawopsezedwe, kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse yodya nyama yomwe ili m'derali kumayang'aniridwa mosamalitsa.
Aliyense amene akufuna kuwona mawonekedwe achilendo tuatara m'chilengedwe ayenera kulandira chilolezo chapadera kapena chotchedwa chiphaso. Lero, Gatteria kapena Tuatara adatchulidwa pamasamba a International Red Book, ndipo chiwonetsero chonse cha zokwawa zonse zomwe zilipo pafupifupi anthu zikwi zana limodzi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
"Zamoyo" zachilendo komanso zosowa kwenikweni, zomwe zinali gawo lalikulu la oimira omwe adakhalapo pa Dziko Lapansi zaka mazana awiri miliyoni zapitazo, pakadali pano zimangopezeka m'malo amiyala kapena achilumba pamavuto. Ndicho chifukwa chake chokwawa chodabwitsa komanso chosowa masiku ano chimatetezedwa mwamphamvu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale kuti nyamayi imawoneka ngati iguana yayikulu, kapangidwe ka ziwalo zamkati za tuatara ndikofanana ndi omwe akuimira nsomba, njoka kapena ng'ona.
Chiwerengero cha maTatar onse omwe akukhala pano ndi pafupifupi anthu zana limodzi. Colony yayikulu kwambiri ili pachilumba cha Stephens pafupi ndi Cook Strait, komwe kumakhala anthu pafupifupi 50,000 a Tuatars. M'madera ang'onoang'ono, chiwerengero chonse cha tuatara, monga lamulo, sichiposa anthu zikwi zisanu.
Boma la New Zealand lakhala likuzindikira kale kufunika kwa chokwawa chodabwitsa komanso chosowa chonchi, chifukwa chake boma lokhazikika komanso lolamulidwa lakhazikitsidwa. Panopa dziko la Tuatar lidayenda bwino ku Zoo ku Sydney ku Australia.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti tuatara ndi yosadyedwa, ndipo khungu la nyama yotereyi ilibe malonda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azisungidwa.... Zachidziwikire, kupulumuka kwa zokwawa zapadera ngati izi sikukuwopsezedwa masiku ano, ndipo ali mu ukapolo nthumwi zoyimira zakale za beakheads ndi banja la Klintooth zimangosungidwa m'mapaki angapo azachilengedwe.
Mwa zina, mpaka 1989 zimakhulupirira kuti pali mtundu umodzi wokha wa zokwawa zotere, koma pulofesa wotchuka ku University of Victoria kapena Wellington, Charles Dougherty, adatha kutsimikizira kuchokera ku lingaliro la sayansi kuti lero pali mitundu iwiri - tuatara (Sphenodon runctus) ndi Tuatara wochokera ku Brother Island.
