Njovu (Еleрhantidae) ndizinyama zomwe zili mu dongosolo la ma proboscis. Nyama yayikulu kwambiri yamtunda ndi ya nyama zodyetsa, chifukwa chake chakudya cha njovu chimayimiriridwa ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana.
Zakudya m'chilengedwe
Njovu ndizo nyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi, ndipo malo awo akhala makontinenti awiri: Africa ndi Asia. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa njovu yaku Africa ndi Asia sikuyimiriridwa ndi mawonekedwe amakutu, kupezeka ndi kukula kwa minyanga, komanso zapadera pazakudya. Kwenikweni, chakudya cha njovu zonse sizimasiyana kwambiri.... Nyama yayikuluyo idyetsa udzu, masamba, makungwa ndi nthambi za mitengo, komanso mizu yazomera zosiyanasiyana ndi zipatso zamtundu uliwonse.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuti apeze chakudya, njovu zimagwiritsa ntchito chida chachilengedwe - thunthu, lomwe zomera zimatha kudulidwa kuchokera kumunsi kwa mitengo komanso pafupi ndi nthaka kapena kukoka korona.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti thupi la njovu yaku Asia ndi ku Africa limakhala lopanda 40% yazomera zonse zomwe zimadyedwa masana. Kufunafuna chakudya kumatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri m'moyo wa nyamayi. Mwachitsanzo, kuti apeze chakudya chokwanira, njovu yayikulu yaku Africa imatha kuyenda pafupifupi 400-500 km. Koma njovu zaku Asia kapena ku India, njira zosamukira sizachilendo.
Njovu zaku India zomwe zimadya nthawi yayitali zimatha pafupifupi maola makumi awiri patsiku zikufunafuna chakudya ndi chakudya. Nthawi yotentha kwambiri masana, njovu zimayesetsa kubisala mumthunzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyamayo isatenthedwe. Makhalidwe apadera a njovu zaku India amafotokozera mtundu wa zakudya zake mwachilengedwe.
Kuti ipeze udzu wofupikirapo, njovu imamasula mwamphamvu kapena kukumba nthaka, ndikumenya mwamphamvu ndi mapazi ake. Makungwa ochokera ku nthambi zazikulu amachotsedwa ndi molars, pomwe nthambi ya chomerayo imagwiridwa ndi thunthu.
M'zaka zanjala kwambiri komanso zowuma, njovu ndizofunitsitsa kuwononga mbewu zaulimi. Mbewu zampunga, komanso minda ya nthochi ndi minda yobzalidwa nzimbe, nthawi zambiri zimavutika ndi kulowerera kwa nyama yoyamwitsa imeneyi. Pachifukwa ichi njovu masiku ano zili m'gulu la "tizirombo" tambiri takulima potengera kukula kwa thupi ndi kususuka.
Chakudya chikasungidwa mu ukapolo
Njovu zakutchire kapena zaku Asia pano zikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha, motero nyama zotere nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'malo osungira kapena malo osungira nyama. Mwachilengedwe komanso mu ukapolo, njovu zimakhala m'magulu ovuta, momwe zimayang'anirana zolimba, zomwe zimathandizira kukonza chakudya ndi kudyetsa nyama. Akasungidwa mu ukapolo, nyamayo imalandira udzu wambiri ndi udzu. Chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha herbivore chachikulu choterechi chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi mizu yamasamba, mikate youma ya mkate woyera, kaloti, mitu ya kabichi ndi zipatso.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zina mwazokonda zomwe njovu za ku India ndi ku Africa zimakonda zikuphatikizapo nthochi, komanso makeke otsika kwambiri ndi maswiti ena.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pakudya maswiti, njovu sadziwa muyeso, chifukwa chake, zimakonda kudya mopitilira muyeso komanso kunenepa mwachangu, zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la nyama. Poterepa, nyamayi imakhala ndi chikhalidwe chachilendo chodziwika bwino kapena chosasamala ndikutaya njala.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti njovu zomwe zimakhala mwachilengedwe, zachilengedwe zimayenda kwambiri komanso mwachangu... Pofuna kupeza chakudya chokwanira kuti moyo ukhale wathanzi komanso wathanzi, chinyama chimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali tsiku lililonse. Ali mu ukapolo, nyama imachotsedwa mwayi uwu, chifukwa chake, njovu zam'malo osungira nyama zimakhala ndi vuto lolemera kapena kugaya chakudya.
Zoo njovu amadyetsedwa kasanu kapena kasanu patsiku, ndipo chakudya cha nyama tsiku lililonse ku Moscow Zoological Park chikuyimiridwa ndi zinthu izi:
- matsache ochokera ku nthambi zamitengo - pafupifupi 6-8 makilogalamu;
- udzu ndi udzu wokhala ndi zowonjezera - pafupifupi 60 kg;
- oats - pafupifupi 1-2 makilogalamu;
- oatmeal - pafupifupi 4-5 makilogalamu;
- chinangwa - pafupifupi 1 kg;
- zipatso zoyimiriridwa ndi mapeyala, maapulo ndi nthochi - pafupifupi 8 kg;
- kaloti - pafupifupi 15 kg;
- kabichi - pafupifupi 3 kg;
- beets - pafupifupi 4-5 makilogalamu.
Chakudya cha njovu chakumapeto kwa chilimwe chimaphatikizapo mavwende ndi mbatata yophika mosalephera. Zipatso zonse ndi ndiwo zamasamba zopatsidwa kwa nyamayo zimadulidwa mosamala ndikusakanizidwa bwino ndi ufa waudzu kapena udzu wapamwamba kwambiri ndi udzu. Chosakanikacho chimakhala chobalalika kudera lonselo.
Njira yodyetserayi imalola kuti nyama ziziyenda mwakhama posaka zakudya zokoma kwambiri, komanso zimachepetsa kwambiri momwe njovu zimayamwa chakudya.
Makhalidwe a mayamwidwe
Njira yodyera njovu ili ndi zinthu zingapo, ndipo kutalika kwake kwa ngalande yonse yodyera ya nyamayi ndi pafupifupi mita makumi atatu... Zomera zonse zodyedwa zimayamba kulowa mkamwa mwa nyama, pomwe pali mano otafuna. Njovu zilibiretu ziphuphu ndi mayini, zomwe zasinthidwa mu nyama yotere kukhala mitu yayikulu yomwe imakula moyo wonse.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakubadwa, njovu zimakhala ndi zotchedwa mkaka, zomwe zimalowetsedwa ndi zokhazikika pamwezi wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka, ndipo zitsamba zazimayi mwachilengedwe zimadziwika ndikukula kofooka kapena kulibiretu.
Munthawi yonse yamoyo, njovu imalowa m'malo amitundu isanu ndi umodzi, yoyimiriridwa ndi ma molars okhala ndi malo owuma, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti muthe kutulutsa zinyalala zoyipa za mbewu. Njovu ikamafunafuna chakudya, imayendetsa nsagwada zake mobwerezabwereza.
Zotsatira zake, chakudya chodya bwino, chothimbitsidwa ndi malovu, chimalowa m'mimba mwachidule, kenako m'mimba monocameral, yolumikizidwa ndi matumbo. Njira zowotchera zimachitika m'mimba, ndipo gawo lina la chakudyacho limangotayika m'matumbo ndi cecum, mothandizidwa ndi bakiteriya microflora. Nthawi yokhazikika yodyera m'matumbo am'mimba yodyetsa amasiyana tsiku limodzi mpaka masiku awiri.
Njovu imafuna chakudya chochuluka patsiku
Njovu zaku India kapena ku Asia nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'nkhalango, zomwe zimathandizira kusaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito chakudya. Nyama yayikulu kwambiri imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino komanso zotentha, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa nkhalango zowirira, zoyimiriridwa ndi zitsamba zingapo, kuphatikizapo nsungwi.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti m'mbuyomu, pomwe nyengo yozizira idayamba, njovu zimatha kulowa m'malo oponderezana, koma tsopano mayendedwe oterewa atha kukhala m'malo osungira zachilengedwe, chifukwa cha kusandulika kwapadera kwa maderawo kukhala madera olimidwa ndi anthu chaka chilichonse.
M'nyengo yotentha, njovu zimadutsa m'malo otsetsereka a mitengo, kupita kumapiri, komwe nyama imapatsidwa chakudya chokwanira. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochititsa chidwi, nyamayi imafuna chakudya chochuluka, choncho njira yodyetsera njovu pamalo amodzi sichidutsa masiku awiri kapena atatu.
Njovu zaku Africa ndi Asia sizili mgulu la nyama zakutchire, koma zimayesetsa kutsatira malire awo. Kwa mwamuna wamwamuna wamkulu, kukula kwa tsambali ndi pafupifupi 15 km², komanso kwa akazi ochezeka - mkati mwa 30 km², koma malire amatha kukulira kwambiri kukula m'nyengo youma komanso yopanda zipatso.
Chakudya cha njovu wamkulu tsiku lililonse ndi 150-300 kg, choyimiridwa ndi zakudya zamasamba zosiyanasiyana, kapena pafupifupi 6-8% ya kulemera kwathunthu kwa thupi la nyama yoyamwa. Pobwezeretsanso mchere m'thupi, zitsamba zotha msipu zimatha kufunafuna mchere wofunikira pansi.
Njovu zimafuna madzi ochuluka motani patsiku
M'zaka zaposachedwa, njovu zachilengedwe zimasamuka kwakanthawi yayitali, ndipo mayendedwe onsewa nthawi zambiri amatenga pafupifupi zaka khumi, ndikuphatikizanso kuyendera komwe kumapezeka madzi achilengedwe. Komabe, zochita za anthu tsopano zapangitsa kuti mayendedwe azinyama zazikuluzikulu akhale osatheka, motero kutulutsa madzi kwakhala vuto lalikulu kwambiri kwa nyama zamtchire.
Nyama za proboscis zimamwa kwambiri, ndipo njovu imodzi yayikulu imasowa madzi okwanira malita 125-150 tsiku lililonse kuti ikwaniritse zosowazo.... M'nyengo youma kwambiri, akasupe a madzi akamauma, nyama imapita kukafunafuna chinyezi chopatsa moyo. Mothandizidwa ndi thunthu ndi mphako, mabowo otalika mita amakumbidwa m'mabedi owuma amitsinje, momwe madzi apansi amayenda pang'onopang'ono.
Zofunika! Maenje amadzi apansi panthaka opangidwa ndi njovu m'mitsinje youma nthawi zambiri amakhala opulumutsa moyo kwa anthu ena a m'nkhalango omwe amamwa madzi m'matanthwewa njovu zitangochoka..
Njovu zaku Africa zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuposa njovu zaku Asia kapena ku India motero zimadya chakudya ndi madzi ambiri. Monga lamulo, nyamayi imachotsa ludzu lake kamodzi patsiku ndipo silipereka chidwi kwambiri pamakhalidwe amadzi. Ngati chakudyacho chili ndi madzi ambiri, ndiye kuti chinyama chimatha kukhala opanda madzi kwa masiku angapo.
Komanso, kusunga chinyezi m'thupi kumathandizidwa ndi kudya mwakhama kwa dothi, komwe kumakhala ndi mchere komanso mchere wambiri.... Komabe, m'zaka zina zowuma makamaka, njovu zonse zimayesetsa kupeza madzi pachabe. M'zaka zotero, kuchepa kwa njovu chifukwa chakuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi kumakhala kwakukulu.
