Mbawala (Gazela subgutturosa) ndi nyama zanyama za artiodactyl zamphesa ndi banja la bovids.
Kufotokozera kwa mbawala
Nyama yaying'ono komanso yokongola kwambiri yomwe imawoneka ndi mawonekedwe ake imafanana kwathunthu ndi malingaliro onse a nzika za mbawala.
Maonekedwe
Nyama yayikulu yokhala ndi ziboda zogawanika imakhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kwa 93-116 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa nyama ikamafota sikupitilira masentimita 60-75. Anthu okhwima ogonana amalemera 18-33 kg.
Chikhalidwe champhongo ndi kukhalapo kwa nyanga zamtundu wakuda... Kutalika kwa nyanga zokhala ndi mphete zopingasa kumafikira masentimita 28 mpaka 30. Mbawala zazimayi sizikhala ndi nyanga, koma nthawi zina anthu amakhala ndi nyanga zazing'ono, zosapitilira 3-5 cm.
Ma Jeyrani ali ndi miyendo yopyapyala kwambiri komanso yayitali yokhala ndi ziboda zakuthwa koma zamphamvu, zomwe zimalola mbawala yokhala ndi ziboda zogudubuza kuyenda mosavuta m'malo amiyala ndi aukhondo. Komabe, kapangidwe ka miyendo sikutanthauza kuti aziyenda pachikuto cha chisanu, ndipo kupirira kwa nyama yotere kumakhala kocheperako, chifukwa chake, pakusintha kwakutali, mphoyo imatha kufa.
Mtundu wa thupi lakumtunda ndi mbali zake ndi mchenga, ndipo khosi, gawo lotsika komanso mbali yamkati yamiyendo amadziwika ndi utoto woyera. Kumbuyo kwake kuli chomwe chimatchedwa "galasi", loyera ndi laling'ono.
Mchira uli ndi nsonga yakuda, yomwe imawoneka bwino motsutsana ndi maziko a "galasi" loyera nthawi yogwira mbawala. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi kuti nyamayi yokhala ndi ziboda zotchinga yalandira dzina lotchuka loyambirira "mchira wakuda".
Magawo onse omwe amatchulidwa kuti "underfur" komanso "hair guard" kulibe. Ubweya wachisanu umakhala wowala kuposa utoto wa chilimwe.
Kutalika kwa tsitsi m'nyengo yozizira ndi 3-5 cm, ndipo nthawi yotentha - mpaka sentimita imodzi ndi theka. Kudera la nkhope ndi miyendo ya gwape, tsitsi ndi lalifupi kwambiri kuposa lomwe lili mthupi la nyama.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mbawala zazing'ono zimakhala ndi nkhope yowonekera, yoyimiriridwa ndi malo akuda pa mlatho wa mphuno ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe imapezeka kuchokera m'maso mpaka pakona pakamwa.
Moyo
Pamodzi ndi mbawala zina, mphalapala ndi nyama yochenjera komanso yosamala kwambiri yomwe imamvera phokoso lililonse, chifukwa chake, pozindikira ngozi, nyamayo imakhala yothamanga ndipo imathawa nthawi yomweyo. Ngakhale, achikulire amatha kuthamanga mpaka 55-60 km / h.
Amayi omwe ali ndi ana, akawopseza, sakonda kuthawa, koma, m'malo mwake, amabisala m'nkhalango zowirira... Ziweto zimasonkhana m'magulu akulu pafupi ndi dzinja. M'nyengo yotentha, antelope amakonda kusungulumwa, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zotheka kukumana ndi makampani ang'onoang'ono, omwe amakhala ndi mitu isanu yokha yazimayi zazing'ono komanso zosabereka chaka chatha.
Poyamba nyengo yachisanu, kuchuluka kwa ziweto zimatha kufikira makumi khumi, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale mazana a anthu. Pofunafuna chakudya, gulu lotere limatha kupambana pafupifupi 25-30 km patsiku. Masika, akazi apakati amakhala oyamba kutuluka m'gululi, kenako amuna akulu okhwima ogonana ndikukula.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimakhala zogwira ntchito mpaka madzulo, pambuyo pake zimakumba mabedi ogona usiku chisanu, ndipo nthawi yotentha, m'malo mwake, mbawala zimangopeza chakudya m'mawa ndi madzulo, kupumula nthawi yotentha masana.
Utali wamoyo
Mwachilengedwe zachilengedwe zakutchire, mbawala zimakhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo zikasungidwa mu ukapolo, nthawi yayitali ya nyama ya aviary artiodactyl pafupifupi zaka khumi.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Anthu a ku Jeyrs amakonda kukhala m'chipululu chokhazikika kapena chokhala ndi mapiri komanso chokhazikika, chodziwika ndi nthaka yolimba. Komanso, antelope yamtunduwu imapezeka panjira zaphiri ndi zigwa ndi kupumula pang'ono. Kapangidwe ka miyendo kamakakamiza mbawala kuti isakhazikike pamchenga waukulu mchilimwe.
Nyama yokhala ndi ziboda zofala kwambiri yakhala ikufalikira kwambiri mu semi-shrub saltwort ndi cereal-saltwort semi-desert, ndipo imadziwikanso kuti imadziwika kwambiri mdera lamapululu a shrub.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chikhalidwe cha zomera m'nyumba zokhala ndi mphalapala ndizosiyana kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri mbawala zimapezeka ngakhale m'magawo a ma gammads opanda moyo.
Ngati kalekale, gawo lakumwera kwa Dagestan lidaphatikizidwabe m'gulu la mbawala, lero nyama ya artiodactyl imapezeka kokha mdera lamapululu ndi madera azipululu m'zigawo za Armenia, Iran ndi Afghanistan, komanso kumadzulo kwa Pakistan, kumwera kwa Mongolia ndi China. ...
Magulu oyimilira amayimiranso Kazakhstan ndi Azerbaijan, Georgia ndi Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan ndi Turkmenistan.
Zakudya, zomwe mphoyo imadya
Anthu a ku Jeyr amakhala odekha pakusowa madzi oyera, abwino pafupi, ndipo kangapo pa sabata, madzulo kapena m'mawa, amapita kukayenda makilomita angapo kupita ku gombe lachilengedwe lapafupi.
Monga lamulo, nyama zimasankha gombe lotseguka kwambiri komanso lotseguka, pomwe ngozi zakukumana ndi adani omwe ali ndi njala ndizochepa.... Kudzichepetsa kwathunthu kumapangitsa kuti nyamayo ikhale ndi ziboda zokhutira kuti ikhutire ndi madzi owawa komanso amchere a Nyanja ya Caspian.
Zakudya za mbawala, ndizodzichepetsanso, chifukwa chake, nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yachisanu, amagwiritsa ntchito hodgepodge, minga wa ngamila ndi chowawa, mphukira za saxaul ndi gawo lamatamaris, komanso prutnyak ndi ephedra.
Chakudya cha mphalapala chakumapeto ndi chilimwe chikukula chifukwa chakukula kwa zomera zambiri komanso zokoma mokwanira. Munthawi imeneyi, mbawala zimadyetsa mbewu zosiyanasiyana zamtchire, ma barnacle, ma capers, ferula ndi anyezi.
Kubereka ndi ana
M'nyengo yophukira, mphesa zamphongo zimayamba kugwira ntchito. Nyama yovekedwa ndi ziboda imayika gawo lake ndi ndowe, yomwe imayikidwa m'mabowo omwe adakumba kale omwe amatchedwa "zimbudzi za rutting."
Ndizosangalatsa!Amunawa pakadali pano akumenyera nkhondo gawo lawo komanso amakopa akazi, ndipo amathanso kukumba zilembo za anthu ena, ndikuzikonzera zawo. Munthawi yamakedzana, amuna amachita nkhanza, zomwe zimawalola kuti asonkhanitse "azimayi" apadera komanso otetezedwa mosamalitsa kuchokera kwa akazi angapo nthawi imodzi.
Mimba ya mkazi imakhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo kale mu Marichi kapena Epulo mwana wamphongo mmodzi kapena awiri obadwa kumene amabadwa. M'masabata angapo apitawa obereka, akazi amayesetsa kuti asayandikire abambo ndi kuyenda, nthawi zambiri pawokha kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimawathandiza kusankha malo oyenera kuberekerako. Kuberekera mwana kumachitika m'malo otseguka pakati pa tchire kapena mabowo, omwe amakhala ngati pogona pompopompo pamphepo yozizira.
Kulemera kwa mwanayo kuli pafupifupi ma kilogalamu angapo, koma mphindi zochepa atabadwa, amatha kuyimirira kale molimba mtima ndi miyendo yake. M'masabata oyamba atangobadwa kumene, ana amphongo amayesa kubisala m'nkhalango, ndipo yaikaziyo imabwera kwa iwo katatu kapena kanayi patsiku kuti idyetse. Munthawi imeneyi, ana ambiri amakhala osololoka nkhandwe, agalu amtchire, mimbulu ndi mbalame zazikuluzikulu.
Ana a mphoyo amakula ndikukula msanga, ndipo kale m'mwezi woyamba, amapeza pafupifupi 50% ya kulemera kwathunthu kwa munthu wamkulu.... Nyama yokhala ndi ziboda zogawanikana imafika kukula komaliza kwa nyama yayikulu chaka chimodzi ndi theka, koma zazikazi zimatha kubweretsa ana awo oyamba chaka chimodzi. Mphoyo zazimuna nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokonzeka kuberekana patapita nthawi, chifukwa zimakula msinkhu wa chaka chimodzi ndi theka.
Adani achilengedwe
Mdani wamkulu wa mbawala ndi mimbulu. Mbali yayikulu ya zinyama zokhala ndi ziboda zogawanika imafa m'mano a chilombo ichi m'nyengo yozizira yachisanu, pomwe nyama yotopa, yofooka, movutikira kwambiri, imadutsa chipale chofewa komanso chowoneka bwino.
Ku Turkmenistan, mbawala nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa ndi akambuku ndi nyama zina... Imfa ya nyama zazing'ono ndiyofunikanso kwambiri, ndipo imatha kufikira 45-50% pofika nthawi yophukira. Adani akuluakulu a ana obadwa kumene ndi achinyamata ndi nkhandwe, agalu amtchire, ziwombankhanga zagolide, ziwombankhanga, ziwombankhanga ndi malo oikidwa m'manda, komanso ziphuphu zazikulu.
Zofunika! Zinthu zazikulu zachilengedwe zomwe zimatsimikizira kutsika kwathunthu kwa mbawala ndi nyengo yachisanu ndi kuzizira.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
M'zaka zaposachedwa, mbawala zinali zosakondedwa komanso zotchuka kwambiri posaka nyama, komanso zinali zina mwa nyama zofunika kwambiri zomwe abusa amagwiritsa ntchito ku South Kazakhstan ndi Central Asia. Mpaka pano, kusaka mphesa ndikoletsedwa kulikonse, ndipo antelope yomweyi idaphatikizidwa mu Red Book ngati nyama yosawerengeka komanso yomwe ili pangozi ya artiodactyl.
Zaka zisanu zapitazo, panali chikhalidwe chodabwitsa, malinga ndi zomwe, pa Maiden Tower International festival festival, ojambula ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana amakongoletsa mitundu ya nyama yomwe ili pangozi, yomwe imathandizira kukopa chidwi cha nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutayika.
