Galu wa raccoon (Nyсtereutes prosyonoides) ndi nyama yodya nyama, nyama zamphongo zam'mimba za canine kapena canine. Oimira amtunduwu amadziwikanso kuti Ussuri raccoon nkhandwe, Ussuri raccoon kapena raccoon.
Kufotokozera za galu wa raccoon
Ma raccoon ndi agalu a raccoon, ngakhale kufanana kwakukulu kwa mayina, ndi nyama zofananira m'mawonekedwe, ndizosiyana kwambiri. Kuyambira kale, mpaka pano, m'malo ena dzina loyambirira la galu wamtundu - mangut kapena tanuki - lasungidwa bwino.
Maonekedwe
Galu wa raccoon ndi wa gulu la nyama zapakatikati... Kukula kwa thupi la nyama yoweta ngati imeneyi sikungodutsa ka galu kakang'ono. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi 65-80 cm wokhala ndi mchira wa 15-25 cm ndi thupi lathunthu la 4-10 kg. Nyamayo imakhala ndi thupi lolimba kwambiri lokhala ndi miyendo yochepa. Ndi mtundu wake wapakamwa ndi utoto, galu wa raccoon amafanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wamiyala yamizeremizere.
Ndizosangalatsa! Palinso anthu a galu wa raccoon, wodziwika ndi mtundu wofiira kwambiri wa ubweya, komanso ma raccoons a Ussuri albino okhala ndi ubweya woyera.
Utali wautali komanso wandiweyani, koma wosakhwima umadziwika ndi utoto wakuda kapena wakuda. Gawo lakumunsi la nyama ndilopepuka, ndipo m'chigawo cha mtunda muli mikwingwirima yakuda. Nkhope ya nyama yodya nyama imakongoletsedwa ndi chovala chowoneka bwino, chakuda "raccoon mask", ndipo m'masaya mwake muli "ndevu" zamtundu wa phulusa. Mchira ndiwofewa komanso wamfupi, wopanda mikwingwirima yopingasa.
Moyo ndi khalidwe
Nyama yodya nyama nthawi zambiri imasankha maenje omwe asiyidwa ndi nkhandwe kapena mbira kuti ikonze nyumba yake... Agalu a Raccoon amatha kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yolimba ndi zodetsa pakati pa mizu ya tchire lalitali kapena mitengo ngati malo awo okhala. Ndi chikhalidwe chake, Ussuri raccoon ndiwodzichepetsa kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatha kukhala okhutira, ngati kuli koyenera, ndi mabedi otseguka. M'zaka zina, chilombocho chimasankha malo pafupi ndi midzi kapena misewu. Nyamawo ndi m'gulu la odyetsa usiku, chifukwa chake imachoka panyumba pake madzulo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nyama yodya nyama nthawi zambiri imalowa momenyera nkhondo ndi mdani, chifukwa chake, ngakhale pangozi yaying'ono, nyamayo imakonda kubisala kapena kunamizira kuti yafa.
M'nyengo yozizira yozizira, Ussuri raccoon, mosiyana ndi abale ake ambiri a m'banja la canine, agona nthawi yayitali koma osaya, yomwe imatsagana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zochitika zonse zachilengedwe zomwe zimachitika mthupi la nyama. Nyamayo imakhala mderali m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri. M'nyengo yotentha yokwanira, agalu a raccoon, nthawi zambiri amakhala atadzuka, ndipo amabisala m'nyumba zawo pokhapokha mvula yamkuntho yamkuntho kapena masiku achisanu.
Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri agalu a raccoon ndi madambo akuya ndi madera okhala ndi zipolopolo zokongola, komanso mitsinje yodzaza mitsinje ndi madera a nkhalango m'mbali mwa nyanja, omwe amadziwika ndi nkhalango zowirira kwambiri. Ngakhale mawonekedwe akunja amafanana ndi ma raccoon, mwamakhalidwe ake agalu a raccoon amafanana kwambiri ndi nkhandwe. Pofika nthawi yachilimwe, ubweya wa Ussuri raccoon umakhala wosowa kwambiri komanso wowonda, chifukwa chomwe chimadyetsa chimakhala chowoneka ngati "chosalongosoka" pang'ono.
Utali wamoyo
Mwachilengedwe, nyama yakutchire, nthawi zambiri, imakhala zaka zosaposa zisanu. Kuphatikiza pa adani achilengedwe, ma epizootic a piroplasmosis ndi matenda a chiwewe amayambitsanso kufa. Akasungidwa kunyumba, agalu a raccoon amatha kukhala zaka khumi, ndipo nthawi zina kupitilira apo.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Malo achilengedwe a galu wamtundu wa raccoon kapena Ussuri raccoon ndi madera a nkhalango ndi nkhalango zamapiri zomwe zili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Indochina, ku China, madera a Amur ndi Primorye, ku Japan komanso ku Peninsula yaku Korea. M'dera la dziko lathu, nyama zolusa zoyamwitsa poyamba anapezeka kum'mwera kwa chigawo cha Amur ndi ku Ussuriisk.
M'madera aku Asia mdziko lathu, ma raccoons omwe adayambitsa Ussuri sanathe kuzika mizu, koma mdera la Europe, chilombocho chidakula mwachangu, kenako ndikukhazikika m'maiko ambiri aku Western Europe. Nyengo m'maiko monga Finland, Estonia ndi Sweden, Poland ndi Romania, Czech Republic, komanso Germany, France ndi Latvia ndiyabwino galu wa raccoon.
Adani achilengedwe
Mwa adani achilengedwe a Ussuri raccoon, gawo lalikulu kwambiri limaseweredwa ndi mimbulu, yomwe imapha ngakhale nyama zazikulu, makamaka mchaka ndi chilimwe. M'zaka zina, agalu amtundu wa raccoon nawonso amenyedwa ndi mimbulu kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Ana agalu amphaka amatha kuwonongedwa ndi agalu osochera, nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe zazikulu. Kuphatikiza pa zachilengedwe, adani achilengedwe, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa manambala ndi kufa kwakanthawi zambiri kumayambitsidwa ndi ma epizootic a piroplasmosis.
Kodi galu wa raccoon amadya chiyani?
Agalu amisala ndiomwe amadyetsa mammalia okhala ndi mayini omwe sanatukuke kwenikweni, ma molars osalala, komanso matumbo ataliatali. Chakudya chamitundu yambiri ndichachikulu kwambiri, koma m'malo aliwonse oyenera Ussuri raccoon, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa makoswe am'miyendo pazakudya ndizodziwika. Tizilombo tambiri, amphibiya, komanso mbalame ndi zakudya zamasamba zitha kuwerengedwa kuti ndizakudya zanyengo.
Makoswe ofala ngati mbewa omwe galu wa raccoon amadyetsa amaphatikizapo maulendo akum'mawa ndi madzi, komanso mizu ndi ma voles wamba. Nthawi zambiri, ma gerbils amakhala chakudya chofunikira kwambiri cha chilombocho. Tizilombo tomwe timakhala ngati ndowe, kafadala kapena kafadala wam'madzi komanso okonda madzi, mbozi zapansi ndi dzombe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pakudya galu wa raccoon. Achule nthawi zambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya amphibian amadyedwa ndi Uscouri raccoon nthawi yotentha.
Zofunika! Nsomba zikuluzikulu ndi nyama zopanda msana zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi galu wamtundu wa raccoon m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena agwidwa kuchokera pagombe lachilengedwe lomwe limauma chilimwe.
Zakudya zamasamba a Ussuri raccoon ndizosiyana kwambiri. Zomera zamasamba, mababu ndi ma rhizomes, komanso mbewu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya. Nyama yodya nyama nthawi zambiri imadyetsa phala, mapira ndi chimanga, mtedza, zipatso ndi zipatso, mavwende ndi mavwende, komanso mbewu zambiri zam'munda.
Kusintha kwakanthawi kosintha kwa zakudya za galu wa raccoon kumatsimikizika ndi magawo osiyanasiyana akupezeka kwawo.... M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, nyamayo nthawi zambiri imadya makoswe am'mimba ndi nyama zakufa, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe, amphibiya ndi zokwawa, tizilombo ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nyengo yamasamba imasiyanasiyana kutengera nyengo yomwe imagawidwa ndi chilombo, koma nthawi zambiri imayamba mu February ndipo imatha mpaka zaka khumi zapitazi za Epulo. Pakubweranso nyengo yozizira komanso kugwa kwa chipale chofewa, mphukira imatha kusokonezedwa kapena kusunthika kwa milungu ingapo. Agalu amtundu wa raccoon ndi am'gulu lodana ndi amuna okhaokha, ndipo awiriawiri amakhala mkatikati mwa nthawi yophukira, cha Okutobala kapena koyambirira kwa Novembala.
Ndizosangalatsa! Monga momwe ziweto zowonetsera zikuwonetsera, pakuswana ma raccoons okhala mu ukapolo, mitala ndiyotheka, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri pamakhala azimayi anayi pamwamuna.
Njira yolumikiza nthawi zambiri imachitika usiku kapena m'mawa, ndipo imatenga mphindi ziwiri mpaka theka la ola. Kutentha kwazimayi kumatha kukhala kwa maola angapo kapena masiku angapo, koma osaposa sabata. Patatha milungu itatu, ngakhale mwa mkazi yemwe ali ndi umuna, estrus iyenera kubwerezedwa, ndipo nthawi yoleza ndi miyezi ingapo. Ana amabadwa mu Epulo kapena Meyi. Monga lamulo, ana asanu ndi awiri amabadwa m'ngalande imodzi, koma kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kufikira anthu khumi ndi asanu.
Ana amabadwa akhungu, ndipo thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi ubweya wachidule, wandiweyani komanso wofewa, womwe ulibe tsitsi loteteza konse, mdima wakuda kapena pafupifupi wakuda. Kulemera kwapakati pa wakhanda ndi 60-110 g, koma amuna nthawi zonse amabadwa okulirapo kuposa akazi. Maso amatseguka patatha masiku khumi, ndipo patatha milungu ingapo, mano oyamba amatuluka mwa makanda. Nthawi yoyamwitsa imatenga miyezi ingapo, koma kuyambira mwezi umodzi, ana agalu amayamba kudya achule ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe makolo awo amabweretsa. Agalu amphongo achichepere amatenga nawo gawo polera ndi kuweta nyama zazing'ono. Ana agalu amatha msinkhu ali ndi miyezi khumi.
Kunyumba kwa Ussuri raccoon
Galu wa raccoon ndi wokongola komanso wokonda kusewera, yosavuta kuyisamalira komanso yodzichepetsa. Pofuna kupewa mavuto ndi chiweto chachilendo chotere, mwana wagalu wa Ussuri raccoon ayenera kugulidwa kwa obereketsa, kuchokera kwa omwe amatchedwa "makolo apanyumba". Musanagule mwana wagalu, ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze mosamala za makolo, komanso kuwunika osati chikhalidwe chawo chokha, komanso "zoweta" zawo.
Izi ndizosangalatsa! Mtengo wapakati wa mwana wagalu wamkulu wa Ussuri raccoon kuchokera kwa makolo apabanja pafupifupi 15 zikwi, ndipo mtengo wa anthu amtchire omwe agwidwa mwachilengedwe akhoza kukhala ocheperako.
Ana agalu azaka ziwiri ayenera kukhala osamalitsa komanso athanzi, komanso oweta komanso kukhala ndi chilakolako chokwanira, koma ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kulera ndi kuphunzitsa nyumbayi mwachangu momwe zingathere. Galu wa raccoon sangakhale woweta kuyambira pakubadwa. Ndikuleredwa koyenera, wolanda nyama amakhala wachikondi komanso wowolowa manja, osati wamanyazi kapena wankhanza.
Kunyumba, agalu a raccoon atha kukhala zaka khumi kapena kupitilira apo, mosamala bwino.... Pofika chaka chimodzi, nyama yachilendo imayenera katemera wa leptospirosis ndi matenda a chiwewe mosalephera. Katemera onse omwe amapatsidwa kwa chiweto ayenera kuzindikiridwa mu pasipoti yapadera ya ziweto.
Mtengo wa ubweya wa galu wa raccoon
Galu wa raccoon ndiwodziwika bwino komanso wamtali, ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira, koma ubweya wolimba. M'mikhalidwe yoswana khola, kuwonjezera pa ubweya, ndizotheka kupeza kuchokera kuzinyama zokwanira zotsika, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri ndizotsika pang'ono kuposa mbuzi.
Katundu wofala wamakampani akuluakulu a Ussuri raccoon amachitika kuyambira Novembala mpaka kukhazikitsidwa kwa chivundikiro chakuya cha chisanu, monga lamulo, asanafike February.
M'dera la Far East, njira yayikulu yopezera ubweya wa Ussuri raccoon ndikufunafuna nyama yodya nyama munjira zawo, usiku, ndi husky kapena galu wina wosaka. Nthawi zambiri, galu wa raccoon amakodwa panjira, akusaka nyama zina zamtengo wapatali zodzala ndi ubweya.
Kalasi yoyamba imaphatikizapo zikopa za dzinja za Ussuri raccoon zokhala ndi chivundikiro chokwanira, chopangidwa ndi wamtali komanso wonyezimira, koma wowuma, komanso wonenepa. Mnofu waubweya woterowo ndi wowonda komanso wopepuka. Chakumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu, ubweya umayamba kuzimiririka ndipo umadziwika m'malo ndi kutupa. Ubweya womwe umapezeka mchaka, chilimwe ndi koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira umadziwika ndikufatsa komanso utoto wowonda pang'ono, mnofu wolimba komanso wopindika.
Mitengo mwachindunji imadalira zosowa za msika waubweya wamtunduwu wamtundu wakutchire. Zovala zokongola zaubweya zimasokedwa kuchokera ku ubweya wachilengedwe komanso wonyezimira, komanso ma kolala achikale ndi masokosi.
