The steppe harrier (Сirсus macrourus) ndi nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, mbalame zosamuka zosamuka za banja la Hawk ndi dongosolo lopangidwa ndi Hawk.
Maonekedwe ndi kufotokoza
Amuna achikulire okhwima amasiyanitsidwa ndi imvi yakumbuyo ndikutulutsa mapewa, komanso amakhala ndi tsaya loyera komanso nsidze zowala.... Thupi lakumunsi limadziwika ndi imvi, pafupifupi nthenga zoyera. Mapiko onse achiwiri othawirako ndi otuwa phulusa ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi oyera.
Nthenga za mbalame zimakhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino mkati. Uppertail ndiyopepuka, yokhala ndi phulusa-imvi. The steppe harrier ili ndi mulomo wakuda ndi chikasu chachikaso ndi miyendo. Kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna wamkulu ndi masentimita 44-46.
Mbali yakumtunda ya akazi achikulire okhwima ogonana ndi abulauni, ndipo mutu ndi malo kumbuyo kwa khosi ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyananso. Gawo lakumtunda la mapiko ndi zokutira za nthenga zing'onozing'ono lili ndi nsonga zakuthwa ndi zofiira. Mbali yakutsogolo, nsidze ndi mawanga pansi pa maso ndi oyera.
Masaya ndi abulauni yakuda, ndi khungu lonyezimira pang'ono. Uppertail ndi yoyera, yokhala ndi bulauni yakuda kapena mawanga osokonekera. Mchira, nthenga ziwiri zapakati ndizofiirira, zomwe zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kwambiri. Undertail ndi ofiira kapena owoneka bwino.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zovundikira pansi ndi beige, ndimadontho ofiira ndi mitsempha yakuda. Sera ndi yobiriwira-wachikasu, Iris ndi bulauni, ndipo miyendo ndi yachikasu. Kutalika thupi kwa mkazi wamkulu ndi masentimita 45-51.
Malo ndi magawidwe
Masiku ano, mitundu yowopsa ya mbalame zodya nyama ndiyofala kwambiri:
- kumadera a steppe kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Europe, komanso kumadzulo kupita ku Dobrudzha ndi Belarus;
- ku Asia, pafupi ndi Dzungaria ndi Altai Territory, komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Transbaikalia;
- Chigawo chakumpoto cha malo ogawa chimafika pafupifupi ku Moscow, Ryazan ndi Tula, komanso Kazan ndi Kirov;
- M'nyengo yotentha, zaka za mbalame zinalembedwa pafupi ndi Arkhangelsk ndi Siberia, komanso m'chigawo cha Tyumen, Krasnoyarsk ndi Omsk;
- gawo lalikulu la anthu likuyimiriridwa kumwera kwa dzikolo, kuphatikiza Crimea ndi Caucasus, komanso gawo la Iran ndi Turkestan.
Mbalame zochepa zimakhala ku Sweden, Germany, Baltic States, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Mongolia.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kwa nyengo yozizira, steppe harrier amasankha India ndi Burma, Mesopotamiya ndi Iran, komanso madera ena ochepa ku Africa ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Caucasus.
Moyo wampikisano
Njira yonse yamoyo wa mbalame yodya nyama monga steppe harrier imagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo otseguka, omwe amaimiridwa ndi madera komanso zipululu. Mbalameyi imakhazikikanso pafupi ndi malo olimapo kapena kudera lamapiri.
Zisa za steppe harrier zili pansi, zomwe zimakonda mapiri ang'onoang'ono... Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza zisa za mbalame yotere m'mabango. Kuyika dzira mwachangu kumachitika koyambirira kwambiri - kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Ndizosangalatsa! The steppe harrier ndi nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo cha mbalame zomwe zimasamukira kwina, ndipo kuchuluka kwa anthu kumatha kusinthasintha kwambiri chaka ndi chaka.
Kuuluka kwa mbalame yayikulu sikufulumira komanso kusalala mokwanira, ndikung'ung'udza pang'ono. Zambiri zamawu a steppe harrier sizingafanane. Mawu a mbalame yayikulu amafanana ndi kugunda, ndipo amaimiridwa ndi mawu osakhazikika kwathunthu "pyrrh-pyrrh", omwe nthawi zina amasandulika kukhala mawu ofuula komanso pafupipafupi "geek-geek-geek".
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zakudya
The steppe harrier imasaka osati kusuntha kokha, komanso kungokhala pamwamba pamtunda. Malo akulu mu kayendetsedwe kazakudya ka chirombochi amakhala ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono ndi nyama, komanso abuluzi, mbalame zokhazokha pansi ndi anapiye awo.
Chakudya chachikulu cha steppe harrier:
- voles ndi mbewa;
- parsley;
- nkhono;
- ma gopher ang'ono;
- zikopa;
- steppe kavalo;
- zinziri;
- nkhungu;
- grouse yaying'ono;
- anapiye a kadzidzi
- mbalame.
Ku Altai Territory, steppe harrier imadya mosangalala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo tambiri, kuphatikizapo tiziromboti, dzombe, ziwala ndi agulugufe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Malo osakira a steppe harrier ndi ochepa, ndipo amazunguliridwa ndi mbalame pamalo otsika, molingana ndi njira yodziwika bwino.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nyengo ya kukwatira imayamba mchaka. Pakadali pano, kuwuluka kwa steppe harrier yamwamuna kumasintha kwambiri. Mbalameyi imatha kukwera mwamphamvu kwambiri, kenako ndikudumphira pansi ndikuthira kumbuyo. Mtundu uwu wa "mating dance" umatsagana ndi kufuula kokwanira mukamayandikira chisa.
Zisa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kophweka, kakang'ono kakang'ono ndi thireyi losaya... Nthawi zambiri, chisa chimayimiriridwa ndi dzenje lachilengedwe lozunguliridwa ndi udzu wouma. Ziphuphu zimayikidwa mu Epulo kapena Meyi, ndipo mazira onse amasiyanasiyana kuyambira atatu mpaka asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi.
Makoko a mazira amakhala oyera kwambiri, koma amathanso kukhala ochepa kukula, mizere yofiirira. Azimayi okha ndi omwe amalowetsa zowalamulira kwa mwezi umodzi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Anapiye a ankhondo amatuluka kuchokera kumapeto kwa Juni mpaka koyambirira kwa Julayi. Anapiye othamanga amtundu uwu amawoneka pafupi pakati pa Julayi, ndipo ana onse osungidwa amakhala pamodzi mpaka koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.
Amuna okha ndi omwe amadyetsa zowalamulira, komanso anapiye omwe angoswedwa kumene, koma patangopita nthawi pang'ono, mkaziyo amayamba kusiya chisa yekha ndikukasaka. Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, kutalika kwa moyo wa steppe harrier, nthawi zambiri, sikupitilira zaka makumi awiri.
Kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zamoyo
Mdani wamkulu wa steppe harrier kuthengo ndi chiwombankhanga chodya nyama. Komabe, chilombo champhongo chotere sichingayambitse mavuto osasinthika ku chiwonetsero chonse cha steppe harrier, chifukwa chake, chinthu choyipa kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza anthu amtunduwu ndichinthu chachuma chambiri cha anthu.
The steppe harrier yalembedwa mu Red Book, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu masiku ano sichipitilira anthu masauzande forte kapena zikwi makumi awiri.
