Sikuti nsomba zonse zowala za m'nyanja yam'madzi zimapatsidwa kuwala kowala ndi chifuniro cha chilengedwe. Mitundu ina ya nsomba zamakono za ziphaniphani zakhala zikugwira ntchito molimbika ndi chibadwa cha ku Asia.
Chifukwa chiyani nsomba zimawala
Nsombazo zidawonetsedwa mkati mwa jini la Pacific jellyfish "zophatikizidwa" mu DNA yawo, yomwe imayambitsa kutulutsa puloteni wobiriwira wa fluorescent. Kuyesaku kunali ndi cholinga chokhwima cha sayansi: omverawo adakhala zisonyezo za kuwonongeka kwa madzi, pochita ndikusintha kwamtundu wa poizoni wakunja.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo adagawana zotsatira za zochitika bwino pamsonkhano wa asayansi, akuwonetsa chithunzithunzi cha nsomba yobiriwira yomwe imasilira, yomwe idakopa chidwi cha kampani yomwe imagulitsa nsomba zam'madzi. Asayansi nthawi yomweyo adalangizidwa kuti aberekane anthu amtundu wina, zomwe adachita, ndikupatsa zebrafish rerio mtundu wamakorali am'nyanja, womwe udawapatsa mtundu wofiyira.... Kuwala kwamtundu wachikasu kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwa majini awiri - nsomba zam'madzi ndi matanthwe.
Mgwirizano wa sayansi ndi zamalonda udapatsidwa korona ndi mgwirizano ndikupanga GloFish brand (kuchokera kowala - "kuwala" ndi nsomba - "nsomba"), lomwe lidasandulika dzina lololeza la nsomba za transgenic fluorescent. Wopanga kwawo ndi Taikong Corporation (Taiwan), yomwe imapereka zinthu zamoyo pansi pa GloFish ku America.
Ndipo mu 2011, kampani yowaza nsomba idadzazidwanso ndi abale ofiira ndi abuluu osinthidwa.
Mitundu ya nsomba zowala za m'nyanja yamchere
Ulemu wokhala woyamba "ziphaniphani" zam'madzi zidagwera ku zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) ndi nsomba zaku Japan kapena nsomba za mpunga (Oryzias javanicus). Mitundu yonse iwiriyi idalandira dzina ndakatulo "Ngale za Usiku"... Tsopano alumikizidwa ndi mitundu ina yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ya jellyfish ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali: "Red Starfish", "Green Electricity", "Blue Cosmos", "Orange Ray" ndi "Purple of the Galaxy".
Pambuyo pa 2012, zotsatirazi zidawonjezeredwa ku nsomba zomwe zidalipo kale:
- Chigoba cha Sumatran (Puntius tetrazona);
- scalar (Pterophyllum scalare);
- minga (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi);
- cichlid wakuda wakuda (Amatitlania nigrofasciata).
Asayansi adavomereza kuti zinali zovuta kwambiri kuti azigwira ntchito ndi cichlids chifukwa chobala kwawo kovuta komanso mazira ochepa (poyerekeza ndi zebrafish ndi medaka).
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwachangu amalandila kuthekera kowala kuchokera kwa makolo awo osasintha. Mphamvu ya fulorosenti imatsagana ndi GloFish yonse kuyambira pomwe adabadwa mpaka kumwalira, kumawala kwambiri akamakula.
Makhalidwe azomwe zili
Chifukwa cha kuphweka kosavuta kwa GloFish, amalimbikitsidwa kuti azisunga ngakhale ndi akatswiri osadziŵa zambiri.
Khalidwe ndi zakudya
Nsombazi sizimasiyana konse ndi abale awo "omasuka": ali ndi kukula kofanana, kudya, kutalika komanso moyo wawo, kupatula zina zambiri. Chifukwa chake, samasiyana pakugonana chifukwa cha mitundu yofanana ya amuna ndi akazi. Omalizawa amangosiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira m'mimba.
Zamoyo zosinthidwa mwachilengedwe zimadya chakudya choyenera, kuphatikiza chowuma, chouma, masamba ndi moyo (daphnia yaying'ono, nyongolotsi zamagazi ndi koretra). GloFish ili ndiubwenzi: amakhala mwangwiro ndi obadwa nawo, komanso tambala ndi lalius. Taboo yokhayo ndi cichlids, yomwe imayesetsa kuti idye "ziphaniphani" mosasamala kanthu zakukhuta kwawo.
Aquarium ndi kuyatsa
Nsomba za Transgenic sizikudandaula za kukula kwa aquarium: iliyonse, osati mbale yakuya yokhala ndi chivindikiro idzawagwirizane, pomwe zomera zam'madzi zimasinthana ndi madera osambira. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda mokwanira (+ 28 + 29 degrees), akhale ndi acidity pakati pa 6-7.5 komanso kuuma pafupifupi 10.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nsomba sizimatulutsa kuwala zikagwidwa ndi mababu wamba. Mapuloteni, omwe amapatsidwa matupi awo, amapezeka mumayendedwe a nyali za ultraviolet ndi buluu.
Ngati mukufuna kuwala kokwanira, muyenera kupangira nyali zapadera zopangira nsomba zomwe zasinthidwa. Kutchuka kwakukula kwa GloFish kwapangitsa kuti opanga zida zam'madzi aku aquarium apange zokongoletsa ndi zomera zomwe mitundu yawo imagwirizana ndi nsomba.
Ochita bizinesi ochokera ku China ndi ku Taiwan apitanso patsogolo potulutsa, pamodzi ndi zokongoletsa zonyezimira, malo owoneka bwino okhala ndi kusambira kokongola kwa GloFish.
Neon
Nsomba yoyamba, yomwe kuwala kwake kunasamalidwa mwachilengedwe, imawerengedwa kuti ndi neon yabuluu yomwe imakhala mumtsinje wa Amazon.... Woyambitsa wa nsombazo mu 1935 anali Mfalansa wotchedwa Auguste Rabot kusaka ng'ona. Pakati pa nyama zankhuku m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Ucayali, malungo adamuponyera. Kwa nthawi yayitali anali atatsala pang'ono kufa ndi moyo, ndipo atadzuka, anali ndi ludzu. Iwo adamutungira madzi ndipo mmenemo Rabo adawona kansomba kakang'ono kowala.
Chifukwa chake nzika yaku South America, neon, idasamukira kumalo okhala anthu okhala m'mizinda. Neon ndizovuta kusokoneza ndi nsomba zina zam'madzi.
Zofunika! Chizindikiro chake ndi mzere wonyezimira wabuluu womwe umayenda mthupi, kuyambira diso mpaka mchira. Mzere wamphongo ndi wowongoka, wamkazi ndi wopindika pang'ono pakati.
Amuna ndi akazi onse ali ndi mimba yoyera ndi zipsepse zowonekera. Malire oyera amkaka amatha kuwonekera kumtunda.
Neon okhwima ogonana samangokhala opanda chidwi ndipo amatha kupirira kutsika kwa kutentha kuchokera pa + 17 mpaka + 28 madigiri, ngakhale atakhala othokoza kwa mwiniwakeyo chifukwa cha magawo ochepa (+18 +23). Mavuto nthawi zambiri amabwera mukamabereka ana, motero amakonzekera bwino kubala kwawo, atapeza botolo la aquarium la malita 10.
Mu 1956, dziko lapansi lidamva zakupezeka kwa neon ofiira omwe amakhala m'madamu aku South America. Imasiyana ndi kukula kwa buluu, ikukula mpaka masentimita asanu, komanso mwamphamvu ya mzere wofiira, wophimba pafupifupi theka lonse lakumunsi kwa thupi.
Ma neon ofiira adabwera m'dziko lathu ndipo adayamba kuchulukana mu 1961. Amakhala nawo mofanana ndi ana wamba, koma amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri pakuswana. Ubwino wamitundu yonse ya neon umaphatikizapo kukhala mwamtendere komanso kuthekera kokhazikika popanda kutsutsana ndi alendo ena am'madzi.
Gracilis ndi ena
Kuphatikiza pa neon yofiira ndi yabuluu, kuwala kokongola kwachilengedwe kumakhala ndi:
- tochi tochi;
- costello kapena neon wobiriwira;
- kadinala;
- gracilis kapena neon pinki.
Tetra Lantern, yomwe idachokera ku Amazon Basin, idatchulidwa chifukwa cha malo omwe amapezeka mthupi: golide amakongoletsa kumapeto kwa tsinde la caudal, ndipo kufiyira kumayang'ana kumaso.
Neon wobiriwira (costello) amatchedwa mtundu wobiriwira wa azitona kumtunda kwa thupi. Hafu yapansi ili ndi mthunzi wosawoneka wowala.
Kadinala (alba nubes) amadziwika ndi amadzi ndi mayina ambiri: Chinese zebrafish, minnow zazikulu komanso neon yabodza.
Ndizosangalatsa! Achinyamata (mpaka miyezi itatu) amaonetsa mzere wonyezimira wabuluu womwe umadutsa mbali zawo mbali zonse. Ndi kuyamba kwa kubala, mzerewu umazimiririka.
Gracilis, aka erythrozonus, amadziwika ndi thupi lokhazikika, lomwe limadutsa mzere wowala wowala wowala... Imayamba pamwambapa ndipo imathera kumapeto kwenikweni.
