Masanzi, kapena whale whale, ndiye nyama yayikulu kwambiri komanso yolemera kwambiri kuposa onse omwe adakhalapo padziko lapansi. Wokhalamo m'madziyu ali ndi mayina ambiri - anangumi a buluu, komanso minke yayikulu yakumpoto ndi belly wachikasu.
Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe
Bluval ndi mtundu wa anangumi achinyama ochokera kubanja lalikulu la cetaceans... Whale wamkulu amakula mpaka mamita 33 ndipo amalemera matani 150. Kudzera m'mbali yamadzi, kumbuyo kwa nyama kumawala buluu, komwe kumadziwika ndi dzina lake lenileni.
Khungu ndi chinsomba
Thupi la nangumi, lokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsa za marble ndi mawanga ofiira owoneka bwino, limayang'ana imvi yakuda pang'ono pang'ono. Kuwona malo kumawonekera kwambiri pamimba ndi kumbuyo kwa thupi, koma kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo. Mtundu wofanana, wa monochrome umawonedwa pamutu, pachibwano ndi nsagwada zapansi, ndipo m'mimba nthawi zambiri umapangidwa wachikasu kapena mpiru.
Ngati sikunali kwa mikwingwirima yakutali pamimba ndi pakhosi (kuyambira 70 mpaka 114), khungu losanza limatha kutchedwa losalala. Pamwamba pakhungu nthawi zambiri pamakhala tiziromboti (gulu la ma crustaceans): nsabwe za whale ndi ma barnacle, omwe amalowetsa zipolopolo zawo molunjika mu khungu. Mphutsi zozungulira ndi ma copopod zimalowa mkamwa mwa nsomba, kukhazikika pamathambo.
Kufika kumalo odyetserako ziwombankhanga, amapeza "alendo" atsopano, ma diatom omwe amaphimba thupi lake. M'madzi ofunda, chomerachi chimazimiririka.
Makulidwe, mawonekedwe ake
Anangumi a buluu amamangidwa molingana ndipo ali ndi thupi lokwanira bwino.... Pamutu wofanana ndi nsapato za akavalo wokhala ndi m'mbali mwa zotumphukira, pali zochepa (motsutsana ndi thupi) masentimita 10 masentimita. Amapezeka kumbuyo ndi pamwamba pakamwa. Nsagwada zakumunsi zokhotera mbali zimatulukira kutsogolo (15-30 cm) ndikutseka pakamwa. Mpweya (dzenje lomwe nsomba imapumira) umatetezedwa ndi chozungulira chomwe chimafikira mchimake.
Mchira wa mchira ndi kotala la kutalika kwa thupi. Zipsepse zofupikitsidwa za pectoral ndizosunthika komanso zopapatiza, pomwe kansalu kakang'ono kakang'ono (30 cm kutalika) kakhoza kukhala kosiyanasiyana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakamwa pa whale whale kumakhala chipinda cha 24 sq. m., m'mimba mwake kwa msempha ndi ofanana ndi m'mimba mwake mwa ndowa, ndipo mapapo ake ndi 14 mita zaubongo. mamita. Mafutawo amafika pa masentimita 20. Masanziwo ali ndi matani 10 a magazi, mtima umalemera 600-700 kg, chiwindi chimalemera tani, ndipo lilime limalemera katatu kuposa chiwindi.
Whalebone
Pakamwa pa chinsomba cha buluu, pali mbale 280 mpaka 420 za whalebone, zomwe zimakhala zakuda kwambiri komanso zopangidwa ndi keratin. Kutalika kwa mbale (mtundu wa mano a nsomba) ndi 28-30 cm, kutalika ndi 0.6-1 m, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 150 kg.
Mbale, zokhazikika pachibwano chapamwamba, zimakhala ngati zosefera ndipo zimatha ndi mphonje yolimba yopangira chakudya chachikulu cha masanziwo - ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono.
Asanapangidwe pulasitiki, anangumi anali ofunidwa kwambiri pakati pa ogulitsa katundu owuma. Amphamvu komanso nthawi yomweyo amagwiritsa ntchito mbale zosinthira popanga:
- maburashi ndi maburashi;
- zikwama za ndudu;
- kuluka singano maambulera;
- zopangika;
- upholstery mipando;
- mabango ndi mafani;
- mabatani;
- tsatanetsatane wa zovala, kuphatikiza ma corsets.
Ndizosangalatsa!Pafupifupi kilogalamu ya whale inapita ku corset ya mafashoni akale.
Zizindikiro zamawu, kulumikizana
Masanziwo amagwiritsa ntchito mawu ake okwera kwambiri kuti alumikizane ndi obadwa nawo... Pafupipafupi mawu otulutsidwa samapitilira 50 Hz, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu 8-20 Hz, mawonekedwe a infrasound.
Anangumi a buluu amagwiritsa ntchito zikwangwani zamphamvu pakamayenda, ndikuzitumiza kwa oyandikana nawo, omwe nthawi zambiri amasambira patali makilomita angapo.
Akatswiri ofufuza zamagetsi aku America omwe amagwira ntchito ku Antarctica adapeza kuti anamgumi amphaka amalandira ma sign kuchokera kwa abale awo, omwe anali pamtunda wa makilomita 33 kutali nawo.
Ofufuza ena anena kuti mayitanidwe a blues (omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya ma decibel 189) adalembedwa patali 200 km, 400 km ndi 1600 km.
Utali wamoyo
Palibe malingaliro okhazikika pankhaniyi, popeza ma ketologist sanamvetsetse nkhaniyi. Magwero osiyanasiyana amapereka ziwerengero zosiyana, kuyambira zaka 40 (m'magulu owerengera a blue whale okhala ku Gulf of St. Lawrence) ndikutha zaka 80-90. Malinga ndi chidziwitso chosatsimikizika, masanzi akale kwambiri adakhala zaka 110.
Chitsimikizo chosazungulira cha moyo wautali wa anamgumi amtambo chimawerengedwa kuti ndi nthawi ya m'badwo umodzi (zaka 31), kuyambira pomwe amayamba kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa anamgumi amtambo.
Blue whale subspecies
Palibe ambiri aiwo, atatu okha:
- wamfupi;
- kum'mwera;
- kumpoto.
Zosiyanasiyana amasiyana pang'ono wina ndi mnzake mu anatomy ndi kukula kwake... Akatswiri ena a ketologists amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wachinayi - Indian whale whale, yemwe amakhala kumpoto kwa Indian Ocean.
Subpecies zazing'ono zimapezeka, monga ulamuliro, m'madzi otentha, pomwe akumwera ndi kumpoto amapezeka m'madzi ozizira ozizira. Ma subspecies onse amakhala ndi moyo wofananako - amakhala amodzi m'modzi, osalumikizana m'makampani ang'onoang'ono.
Moyo wa nsomba
Polimbana ndi ma cetacean ena, anangumi a buluu amawoneka ngati anchorite: masanzi samasochera kukhala gulu la ziweto, amakonda kukhala moyo wobisalira ndipo nthawi zina amangopanga ubale wapafupi ndi abale awiri kapena awiri.
Ndizosangalatsa!Ndi chakudya chochuluka, anamgumi amapanga mawonekedwe osangalatsa (50-60 aliyense payekha), wopangidwa ndi "magawo" angapo. Koma mgululi, amawonetsa mawonekedwe osakhazikika.
Ntchito yosanza mumdima siyimvetsetsedwa bwino. Koma, kuweruza ndi momwe anamgumi am'mbali mwa gombe la California (samasambira usiku), amatha kukhala ndi ziweto zomwe zimatsogolera moyo wawo.
Akatswiri a Ketologists awonanso kuti namgumi wa buluu ndi wocheperako kuposa anyani akuluakulu ena onse pankhani ya kutha kuyenda. Poyerekeza ndi anangumi ena a nimble whale, amasanza kwambiri komanso pang'onopang'ono.
Kuyenda, kudumphira m'madzi, kupuma
Mpweya wopuma wa anamgumi ndi masanzi, makamaka, zimadalira msinkhu wawo ndi kukula kwawo. Zinyama zazing'ono zimapuma pafupipafupi kuposa achikulire. Ngati namgumiyo ali wodekha, amapuma ndikutuluka kangapo 1-4 pamphindi. Mu nsomba yamtambo yomwe imathawa pangozi, kupuma kumafulumira mpaka 3-6 pa mphindi.
Masanzi odyetserako ziweto amayenda pang'onopang'ono, otsala m'madzi kwa mphindi 10. Asanatuluke m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, amatulutsa kasupe wamkulu ndikupumira mwamphamvu. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi ma diving angapo apakatikati ndi ma dive osaya. Zimatenga masekondi 6-7 kuti zitheke komanso kuchokera pamasekondi 15 mpaka 40 kuti musunthire madzi pang'ono: munthawi imeneyi, masanziwo amapambana mamita 40-50.
Nangumi amapanga maulendo awiri okwera kwambiri: woyamba, atakwera kuchokera kuzama, ndipo wachiwiri - asanapite m'madzi motalika kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kasupe wotulutsidwa ndi nangumi wa buluu amawoneka ngati mzati wamtali kapena cholelirapo chotalika mita 10 chomwe chimakwera mmwamba.
Nangumi amatha kumira m'madzi m'njira ziwiri.
- Choyamba. Nyamayo imapinditsa thupi pang'ono, ndikuwonetsa kusinthana kwa mutu ndi chowombetsa, kumbuyo konse, kenako kumapeto kwa dorsal ndi caudal peduncle.
- Chachiwiri. Nangumiyo amapinda thupi mwamphamvu akaweramira pansi kuti chiwonetserochi. Ndikumizidwa kumeneku, chinsalu chakumbuyo chimawoneka panthawi yomwe mutu, limodzi ndi kutsogolo kumbuyo, unasowa pansi pamadzi. Pomwe chingwe cha caudal peduncle chimakwezedwa m'madzi, chimbalangondo chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri. Arc pang'onopang'ono imawongola, ndikukhala wotsika, ndipo namgumi amalowa m'madzi popanda "kuwunikira" mchira wake.
Kusanza kwamasamba kumasambira pa liwiro la 11-15 km / h, ndipo wowopsawo amafulumira mpaka 33-40 km / h. Koma imatha kupirira kuthamanga kwakanthawi kosaposa mphindi zochepa.
Zakudya, nanga namgumi wa buluu amadya chiyani
Bluval amadya plankton, kuyang'ana pa krill - ma crustaceans ang'ono (mpaka 6 cm) kuchokera ku euphausiaceae. M'madera osiyanasiyana, namgumi amasankha mitundu 1-2 ya nkhanu zomwe ndizokoma kwambiri kwa iwo okha.
Akatswiri ambiri a ketologists amakhulupirira kuti nsomba zomwe zili pachakudya cha Great Northern Minke whale zimapezeka mwangozi: zimawameza limodzi ndi plankton.
Akatswiri ena a sayansi ya zamoyo amakhulupirira kuti namgumi wa buluu amatembenukira ku nyamayi zapakatikati ndi nsomba zazing'ono zophunzirira pomwe kulibe magulu ambiri a nkhono zapafupi.
M'mimba, mpaka mulu wa masanzi okhuta, kuyambira 1 mpaka 1.5 matani a chakudya atha kukhala.
Kuswana whale whale
Kusanza kwa m'modzi kumatsimikizika ndi nthawi yayitali yaukwati komanso kukhulupirika kwamwamuna, yemwe amakhala pafupi ndi bwenzi lake ndipo samamusiya nthawi yayitali.
Zaka ziwiri zilizonse (nthawi zambiri nthawi yachisanu), mwana m'modzi amabadwa muwiri, womwe umanyamulidwa ndi wamkazi pafupifupi miyezi 11. Mayi amamudyetsa mkaka (34-50% mafuta) pafupifupi miyezi 7: panthawiyi, mwana amapeza kulemera kwa matani 23 ndikufika mpaka mamita 16 m'litali.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ndi kudyetsa mkaka (malita 90 a mkaka patsiku), ng'ombeyo imalemera makilogalamu 80-100 tsiku lililonse ndikukula kupitilira masentimita 4. Pa mulingo uwu, pofika chaka chimodzi ndi theka ndikukula kwamamita 20, imalemera matani 45-50.
Chonde m'masanzi chimayamba ali ndi zaka 4-5: panthawiyi, mtsikanayo amakula mpaka 23 mita. Koma kukhwima komaliza, monga kukula kwathunthu kwa nangumi (26-27 mita), kumangowonekera pofika zaka 14-15.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Patapita masiku pomwe namgumi wabuluu anasangalala ndikukula kwakunyanja lonse lapansi. M'nthawi yathu ino, dera la masanzi ndiloperewera ndipo limayambira kunyanja ya Chukchi ndi m'mphepete mwa Greenland, kudutsa Novaya Zemlya ndi Spitsbergen mpaka ku Antarctic. Whale wamkulu wakumpoto minke, wochezera kwambiri kudera lotentha, amabisala m'nyanja zotentha ku Northern Hemisphere (kufupi ndi Taiwan, kumwera kwa Japan, Mexico, California, North Africa ndi Caribbean), komanso Southern Hemisphere (pafupi ndi Australia, Ecuador, Peru, Madagascar ndi South Africa).
M'nyengo yotentha, anangumi a buluu amakhala m'madzi a North Atlantic, Antarctica, Chukchi ndi Bering.
Whale wa buluu ndi munthu
Ogwidwa ndi mafakitale adasanza pafupifupi sizinachitike mpaka zaka za m'ma 60 za mzaka zapitazi chifukwa cha zida zolakwika zopha nsomba: namgumi adagwidwa ndi nkhono ndi mabwato otseguka. Kupha nyama zochuluka kunayamba mu 1868, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfuti ya harpoon.
Nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itatha, kusaka nyama zangumi kunayamba kulunjika komanso kutukuka chifukwa cha zinthu ziwiri: choyamba, kugwidwa kwa ma cetacean kudafika pamiyeso yatsopano, ndipo, chachiwiri, kunali koyenera kufunafuna wogulitsa watsopano wa whalebone ndi mafuta, popeza anthu omwe anali m'nkhalango nsomba yatsika kwambiri.
Pafupifupi 325,000-360,000 anamgumi a buluu adaphedwa pagombe la Antarctic lokha mzaka zija, koma malonda awo adaletsedwa mu 1966.
Amadziwika kuti zomaliza zamasanza osavomerezeka zidalembedwa mwalamulo mu 1978.
Chikhalidwe cha anthu
Ziwerengero zanambala yoyamba ya anamgumi amtambo zimasiyana: ziwerengero ziwiri zikuwoneka - 215 zikwi ndi 350 nyama zikwi... Palibe mgwirizano pakulingalira kwamakono kwa ziweto. Mu 1984, anthu adamva kuti pafupifupi 1,9 zikwi zikwi zamabuluu amakhala ku Northern Hemisphere, ndipo pafupifupi 10 zikwi ku Southern Hemisphere, theka lake ndi subspecies zazing'ono.
Pakadali pano, ziwerengero zasintha pang'ono. Akatswiri ena a ketologists amakhulupirira kuti padziko lapansi pali anamgumi a buluu zikwi 1.3 mpaka 2,000, pomwe otsutsana nawo amakhala ndi manambala osiyanasiyana: anthu 3-4,000 amakhala kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ndipo 5-10 zikwi - Kumwera.
Pakalibe zoopseza zachindunji kwa anthu omwe adasanza, pali zoopsa zina zosadziwika:
- kutalika (mpaka 5 km) maukonde osalala;
- kuwombana kwa anamgumi ndi zombo;
- kuipitsa nyanja;
- kupondereza mawu kunasanza ndi phokoso la zombo.
Chiwerengero cha nsomba zamtambo chimatsitsimuka, koma pang'onopang'ono. Akatswiri a Ketologists amaopa kuti anamgumi a buluu sadzabwereranso ku chiwerengero chawo choyambirira.
