Hamsters (Crsetinae) ndi makoswe a banja la Khomyakov. Ndiwochepa, ndi wandiweyani pamalamulo, makoswe omwe ali ndi miyendo yayifupi, makutu ang'ono ndi mchira wawufupi.
Zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana mukamagula
Posankha ndi kugula chiweto monga hamster, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa nyamayo:
- choyambirira, muyenera kuyang'ana m'maso, omwe ayenera kukhala osangalala, athanzi komanso owala, osakanda komanso opanda kutuluka kwamatenda;
- muyeneranso kupenda chotulukira. Pansi pa dzenjelo, ubweya suyenera kudetsedwa ndi zotsekemera, chifukwa pamenepa ndikotheka kutenga matenda otsekula m'mimba kwa nthawi yayitali, omwe amayambitsidwa chifukwa cha zolakwika m'thupi, komanso matenda opatsirana kapena somatic;
- mwazina, malaya amayenera kuwunikidwa mosamala, omwe ayenera kukhala ndi yunifolomu, yowala, yonyezimira kapena yosalala, yowoneka bwino.
Mukamaliza kuyesa kwa hamster, nyama iyenera kutengedwa modekha m'manja mwanu ndikumverera bwino:
- Mimba ya chiweto iyenera kukhala yotanuka komanso yolimba, yopanda zingwe, zomwe sizikulolani kuti mumve bwino nthiti zotuluka;
- ndikumverera kwa dzanja, ndikosavuta kudziwa malo omwe amakanda kapena kulumidwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka mdera lumbar kapena pafupi ndi sacrum.
Mwa zina, pokhapokha mutatola hamster, mutha kudziwa kaye mawonekedwe ake ndi malingaliro ake kwa anthu. Nyama iyenera kuwonetsa chidwi, osaluma, kukanda kapena kutulutsa m'manja.
Ndizosangalatsa!Musanagule hamster, muyenera kudziwa zaka zake. Njira yabwino kwambiri ingakhale kugula nyama ya mwezi umodzi ndi theka, yomwe imazolowera msanga malo awo atsopano.
Malamulo oyambira kusunga hamster
Kusunga ma hamsters, ngakhale zikuwoneka ngati zosavuta komanso zosavuta, mwambowu ndi wovuta kwambiri... Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti dongosolo lomwe hamster adakhazikitsa mu khola lake sayenera kusokonezedwa. Khola lomwe lili ndi chiweto liyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamalo opanda kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi ma drafts kapena chinyezi chambiri.
Pofuna kusamalira bwino, mwini ziweto zotere amafunika kuchita ukhondo, kuphatikizapo kutsuka wodyetsa, kutsuka chimbudzi, ndikukonzanso zinyalala momwe zingafunikire. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti popanga kukonzanso kulikonse mu khola la mbewa, mutha kupsinjika kwambiri munyama.
Ndizosangalatsa!Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe malo omwe khola limakhalira ndi hamster, chifukwa "kusuntha" kotere, kumakhala ndi zoyipa zazikulu pa psyche ya chiweto, ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa mbewa kunja kwa nyumbayo kuli lingaliro lopambana.
Makonzedwe okhalamo, malo okhala
Chiweto chilichonse chimafuna nyumba yakeyake, yabwino komanso yabwino, ndipo malo okhala m'nyumba yotere ayenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi malo awo okhala. Zachidziwikire, zikhalidwe za khola la hamster zili ndi zoletsa, koma mwiniwake woyang'anira nthawi zonse amayesetsa kupatsa chiweto chake kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Posankha khola, ndikofunikira kulingalira kukula kwake, komanso kuchuluka kwa ziweto ndi zizolowezi zawo.
Akatswiri atsimikiza kukula kaching'ono koyenera kosungira hamster kunyumba - 50x30 masentimita, komwe kumafotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto a nyama yotere. Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, hamster imatha kuthamanga mtunda wopitilira makilomita khumi patsiku, ndipo kusowa koyenda kapena kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kusokoneza thanzi la mbewa, kupangitsa kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri kapena matenda amtima ndi mtima.
Chofunika kwambiri chimamangiriridwa ndi nthambi mu tsogolo la hamster... Sayenera kuikidwa mozungulira ndipo ikhale ndi malo ochepa pakati pawo. Kwa ma hamsters amfupi, mtunda pakati pa nthambi umayikidwa mkati mwa 3-5mm, ndipo kwa ma hamsters aku Syria, kusiyana kosapitirira 8-10mm ndikokwanira. Payenera kukhala pansi kapena awiri pansi pa khola lofanana, osachepera kotala la mita osapitilira 30-35cm. Poyerekeza pansi, mashelufu apadera apulasitiki amakhala ovomerezeka, osati mabatani.
Zotchuka kwambiri ndizazitsulo zazitsulo zokhala ndi malo olimba pansi ndi makona ozungulira kapena poto wamba. Chitseko chiyenera kutsegukira kumtunda ndikukhala ndi latch yotsekera yapamwamba. Ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zokhala ndi gawo lochotseka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyeretsa khola nthawi zonse. M'zaka zaposachedwa, pafupipafupi, eni ma hamsters apanyumba agula nyumba za plexiglass, zokutidwa ndi kanyumba kapadera.
Zofunika! Kumbukirani kuti zitseko zazing'ono ndizoyenera kusungitsa mitundu yaying'ono ya ma hamster kunyumba, koma kwa Asuri, muyenera kupeza nyumba yayikulu kwambiri ndi ng'oma yayikulu.
Kuphatikiza pa gudumu loyenda mu khola la hamster, muyenera kuyika makwerero ndi ma cubes osiyanasiyana, mpira woyenda, komanso mitengo yolowera mosamala ndi matabwa. Nyumba yaying'ono yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yachilengedwe kapena matabwa osinthidwa moyenera imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pothawirapo nyama.
Zakudya za Hamster
Gawo lalikulu la zakudya zoyenera za mbewa zapakhomo ziyenera kukhala chakudya chapadera chodyetsera hamster. Zakudya zopangidwa kale zokonzedwa bwino zimapezeka mumtundu wambiri kapena zosakanikirana ndi mbewu, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopezera chiweto chanu zakudya zofunikira kuti zikule bwino.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mosasamala mtunduwo, ma hamster ndi ovuta kwambiri kulekerera kusintha kulikonse pakudya, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizigula chakudya chomwecho, koma chopatsa thanzi komanso chokwanira. Kusamutsira ku mtundu wina wa chakudya kumachitika bwino kwambiri, kwa milungu ingapo. Nyemba, anyezi, mbatata, rhubarb ndi nsonga za phwetekere, komanso chokoleti ndi maswiti aliwonse, zonunkhira ndi zonunkhira zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi ziweto.
Zina mwazakudya zabwino kwambiri za mbewa zapakhomo zimaphatikizapo masamba monga turnips, kaloti, chicory, sipinachi, parsley, dzungu, endive ndi kolifulawa.
Broccoli, nyemba zobiriwira ndi katsitsumzukwa, zoumba, maapulo ndi mapeyala, maula ndi mapichesi amathandizanso pa hamster.... Kuti mano azikhala bwino komanso kuti thupi la mbewa likhale ndi zinthu zonse zofunika, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yamchere. Komanso makapu apadera akumwa amayikidwa mu khola, lomwe nthawi zonse limadzazidwa ndi madzi oyera.
Zofunika!Kuti mudzaze msanga chakudya cha chiweto chogwira ntchito ndi mapuloteni ofunikira m'thupi, mapuloteni owola mwakhama nthawi ndi nthawi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera ku chakudya chachikulu.
Kusamalira Hamster ndi ukhondo
Kusamalira bwino hamster ya ziweto kumaphatikizapo malamulo angapo, omwe ndi awa:
- mbewa zoweta zimasungidwa bwino zokha, khola losiyana ndi mulingo woyenera;
- m'chipinda momwe khola limakhalapo, kutentha kwanthawi zonse ndikutonthola koyenera kuyenera kuwonedwa;
- musayike dzanja lanu mu khola ndi hamster, chifukwa mbewa imatha kuwona kuyenda ngati kowopseza katundu wake;
- makoswe, kuti akhalebe ndi moyo wathanzi, amayenera kusuntha kwambiri, kudya mosiyanasiyana komanso bwino, komanso kugona nthawi yokwanira;
- Ndizoletsedwa konse kulanga hamster, chifukwa pakadali pano chiweto chikhala chamantha ndikumva kupsinjika kwakukulu.
Kusamalira ziweto kumaphatikizanso ukhondo wa hamster khola... Ngakhale imagwira ntchito bwino, khola lagalasi lidzafunika chisamaliro chambiri kuchokera kwa mwini mbewa kuposa nyumba yachikhalidwe. Khola lagalasi limafunikira kuyeretsa konyowa nthawi zonse, komwe kumachitika popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyeretsa ndi mankhwala. Mukatsuka, onetsetsani kuti mwaumitsa khola bwino padzuwa kapena pafupi ndi zida zotenthetsera.
Mavuto akulu kwambiri amabwera mukamakonza zitseko zamakono kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi zipinda zambiri zolumikizidwa ndi maenje ndi ngalande. Mapuloteni osalala ndi zomangamanga sizimalola kuti zitsitsimutso zonse zitsitsidwe, komanso kuyeretsa bwino khola.
Zotsatira zake, fungo losasangalatsa limasonkhana mkati mwa mapaipi, omwe amakhudza thanzi la chiweto.
Zaumoyo, matenda ndi kupewa
Pali matenda ambiri omwe angakhudze hamsters m'nyumba. Zina mwazodziwika kwambiri ndi matenda omwe amadza chifukwa cha mavairasi, kusowa kwa chakudya komanso matenda opatsirana.... Ngati gawo lofa ziwalo la chiwewe ndilochepa kwambiri mu hamsters zoweta ndikufa, ndiye kuti pali matenda angapo omwe amafotokozedwa ndi:
- Matenda a Aujeszky, omwe amakhudza msanga ziweto zapakati;
- Matenda a Tizzer, omwe amachititsa kutentha thupi, kutsegula m'mimba, kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi komanso kusasamala, komwe kumathera pakufa kwa chiweto;
- Matenda opatsirana a Bronchosepticosis, amayamba ndi serous-mucous kumaliseche pamphuno chifukwa cha chimfine;
- Matenda a Colibacillosis, omwe amawonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa kuyenda, kukana kudya, komanso kutsekula m'mimba kwa fetid ndi kutopa;
- matenda opatsirana a lymphocytic choriomeningitis, omwe ndi owopsa kwa anthu ndipo sangathe kuchiritsidwa;
- bacterial listerllosis, yomwe imanyamulidwa ndi madontho oyenda mlengalenga ndikupha nyama;
- tizilombo encephalomyelitis.
Zofunika!Kuti mudziwe nokha zaumoyo wanu, muyenera kulabadira machitidwe ndi njala, mtundu wa kupuma ndi mawonekedwe a chiweto, komanso kusasana kwa zimbudzi zake. Pachizindikiro choyamba cha matenda, muyenera kupita kwa veterinarian wanu.
Matenda ofala kwambiri amaphatikizaponso matenda a paratyphoid a hamster wapakhomo, kapena salmonellosis, komanso pasteurellosis, chibayo ndi pseudotuberculosis. Pakakhala zolakwika posamalira, chiweto chimatha kukhudzidwa ndi kunja kapena ectoparasites, yoyimiridwa ndi nkhupakupa, utitiri ndi nsabwe, kuwononga komwe 0.5% yankho lotengera "Bromocyclene" kapena "Netritonate" imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kubereka ndi ana
Hamsters ndi ziweto zambiri, zomwe zimatha kupanga malita awiri kapena anayi pachaka.
Nthawi ya bere la mkazi imatha kukhala milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Kawirikawiri, mitundu yambiri ya makoswe oterewa amakhala okonzeka kuswana ali ndi zaka zitatu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo ma hamster a Dzungarian nthawi zina amakhala ocheperako pang'ono kuposa zaka izi.
Komabe, akatswiri onse amalangiza kuti asamakwatire msanga zoweta msanga, popeza nthawi yakukula kwambiri kwa nyama zotere imatha sabata la chisanu la moyo, ndipo kutenga mimba pakadali pano kumakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha ma rickets ndi zina zambiri zosintha zamatenda.
Ndizosangalatsa!Monga momwe ziwonetsero zikuwonetsera, akazi achichepere kwambiri a hamsters oweta, mosasamala mtundu wawo, nthawi zambiri amadya ana awo, ndipo abwino kwambiri amakhala okwatirana ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kusiyana kokwanira pakati pa kukwatira, komwe kumalola kuti mkaziyo achiritse mimba ndikulimba. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yokhazikika yakukhalira mwezi ndi miyezi itatu kapena inayi. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya za amayi apakati, makamaka kuchuluka kwa mavitamini, michere ndi michere mu chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku... Chakudyacho chikuyenera kuyimilidwa ndi mbewu, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, mazira owiritsa, kanyumba kochepa mafuta ndi majeremusi a tirigu.
Hamsters obadwa kumene amabadwa ang'ono kwambiri, opanda dazi, komanso akhungu komanso ogontha, koma kuyambira pakubadwa komwe amatha kusiyanitsa fungo lililonse mozungulira iwo. Ana amakula mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti muzisamalira komwe ma hamsters amwezi onse azikaphatikizidwa pasadakhale.
