Musanazindikire momwe shaki amagona, muyenera kudziwa ngati nyama zam'madzi izi (zoyimiriridwa ndi mitundu 450) zimadziwa bwino ngati tulo.
Kodi nsombazi zikugona kapena ayi?
Kugona mokwanira (kofanana ndi anthu) ndizachilendo kwa nsomba. Amakhulupirira kuti nsombazi zimadzipumulira mphindi 60, apo ayi zimawopseza kuti zibanika.... Ikayandama, madzi amazungulira mozungulira ndikusambitsa magenda, ndikuthandizira kupuma.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kugona pa liwiro lathunthu kumadzaza ndi kusiya kupuma kapena kugwa pansi, kutsatiridwa ndiimfa: pakuya kwakukulu, nsomba yogona imakomedwa ndi kukakamizidwa.
Kugona kwa nsomba zakale zamatenda (zokhala padziko lapansi kwazaka zopitilira 450 miliyoni) kumatha kukhala chifukwa chakupumula kwakanthawi kochepa, kukumbukira pang'ono kugona pang'ono.
Sambirani kuti mupume
Chilengedwe chimachotsa nsombazi kusambira chikhodzodzo (chomwe nsomba zonse zamphongo zili nacho), zomwe zimawalipira chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwawo ndi mafupa a cartilaginous, chiwindi chachikulu ndi zipsepse. Nsomba zambiri sizimasiya kusuntha, chifukwa kuimitsa kumadzetsa madzi pang'onopang'ono.
Pamalo opindulitsa kuposa ena ndi nsombazi, zomwe zaphunzira kumeza mpweya ndikuziyika m'thumba lapadera m'mimba. Gulu lopangidwa ndi hydrostatic (kusambira chikhodzodzo m'malo) silimangoyambitsa kukongola kwa shark sand, komanso limathandizira kwambiri moyo wake, kuphatikiza kupumula kwakanthawi kochepa.
Pumirani kuti mukhale ndi moyo
Sharki, monga nsomba zonse, amafunikira mpweya, womwe amalandira kuchokera m'madzi omwe amadutsa m'mitsempha yawo.
Ziwalo zopumira za shark ndi matumba a gill omwe amatuluka mkati mwa pharynx, ndi ena akunja padziko (m'mbali mwa mutu). Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amawerengera pakati pa 5 ndi 7 awiriawiri a ma gill m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe ili kutsogolo kwa zipsepse za pectoral. Mukamapuma, magazi ndi madzi zimayenda motsatana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mu nsomba zamathambo, madzi amatsuka minyewa chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa zikopa, zomwe kulibe nsombazi. Chifukwa chake, nsomba zamatenda amayendetsa madzi motsatira matope otumphukira: amalowa mkamwa ndikutuluka kudzera m'ming'alu.
Kuti apitirize kupuma, nsombazi zimayenda mosamala pakamwa pake. Tsopano zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake nsombazi, zomwe zimayikidwa mu dziwe laling'ono, zimawomba pakamwa pakamwa: sizisuntha, chifukwa chake mpweya.
Momwe nsombazi zimagonera ndikupumula
Akatswiri ena a ichthyologists amatsimikiza kuti mitundu ina ya nsombazi imatha kugona kapena kupumula, kusiya zomwe amachita nthawi zonse.
Amadziwika kuti amatha kugona pansi osayenda:
- mphepo yoyera;
- nyalugwe;
- kugwedeza;
- angelo a m'nyanja;
- mustachioed namwino nsombazi.
Mitundu iyi ya benthic yaphunzira kupopera madzi kudzera m'mitsempha pogwiritsa ntchito kutsegula / kutseka kwa pakamwa ndi ntchito yolumikizidwa ya minofu ya gill ndi pharynx. Mabowo kumbuyo kwa maso (squirt) amathandizanso kuyendetsa bwino madzi.
Akatswiri a zamoyo amati nsomba za pelagic (zomwe zimakhala mozama kwambiri) zimakakamizika kuyenda mosalekeza chifukwa cha kufooka kwa minyewa ya gill, yomwe imatha kupirira kupopera madzi kudzera m'mitsempha.
Ndizosangalatsa! Asayansi akuganiza kuti pelagic shark (monga dolphins) amagona, kutembenukira kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa ubongo mosiyanasiyana.
Pali mitundu ina yomwe ikufotokoza momwe tulo timagwirira ntchito. Amakhulupirira kuti mitundu ina imasambira pafupifupi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndikukhazikitsa thupi pakati pa miyala: pomwe kuyenda kwamadzi koyenera kupuma kumapangidwa ndi mafunde am'nyanja.
Malinga ndi akatswiri a ichthyologists, nsombazi zitha kugona pansi ngati zapeza malo obisika osinthasintha komwe kumawonekera m'madzi am'madzi (kuchokera pamafunde akulu kapena mafunde). Ndi kubisala koteroko, kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kumachepetsa pafupifupi zero.
Makhalidwe apadera ogona adapezekanso mu shaki zopangidwa ndi mustachioed, zomwe zasanduka zofufuzidwa ndi ma neurophysiologists. Asayansi afika pamalingaliro kuti maphunziro awo oyeserera amatha kugona ... poyenda, popeza malo amitsempha omwe amayendetsa thupi ali mumtsempha wa msana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nsombazi zimatha kusambira m'maloto, zitadula kale ubongo.
Maholide ku Caribbean
Maso angapo a shark adachitika pafupi ndi Peninsula Yucatan, yomwe imalekanitsa Gulf of Mexico ndi Caribbean. Pafupi ndi chilumba, pali phanga la pansi pamadzi, pomwe ofufuza apeza nsombazi zikugona tulo (poyang'ana koyamba). Iwo, mosiyana ndi whitetip shark, amawerengedwa kuti ndi osambira otakataka, othamanga mosatopa mgulu lamadzi.
Atayang'anitsitsa, zidapezeka kuti nsombayo idapanga mpweya 20-28 pamphindi, pogwiritsa ntchito minofu ndi mkamwa. Asayansi amati njirayi imadutsa kapena kulowa mpweya wabwino: mitsinje idatsukidwa ndi madzi ochokera akasupe atsopano akutuluka pansi.
Ichthyologists ali otsimikiza kuti nsombazi zimakhala masiku angapo m'mapanga ndi mphamvu yofooka, kugona pansi ndikugwera mu mtundu wa torpor, momwe ntchito zonse za thupi zimachepa kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Anapezanso kuti m'mphanga madzi (chifukwa cha akasupe atsopano) munali mpweya wambiri komanso mchere wochepa. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amati madzi omwe asinthidwawo amakhala ngati mankhwala oletsedwa kwa shark.
Kuchokera kwa asayansi, ena onse kuphangawo sanafanane ndi loto: maso a shark adatsata mayendedwe a osambira osiyanasiyana.... Pambuyo pake, zidadziwikanso kuti, kuwonjezera pa nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi, mitundu ina imakonzedwa kuti ipumule m'misewu, kuphatikiza namwino shark, mchenga, Caribbean, buluu ndi ng'ombe shark.
