Njovu (Elephantidae) ndi banja la zinyama zomwe zili mu dongosolo la Proboscidae. Pakadali pano, banja ili likuyimiriridwa ndi nyama zazikulu kwambiri zapamtunda. Njovu zimatha kudzizindikiritsa mosavuta pounikira kalilole, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zodzidziwitsa.
Kutalika kwa moyo wa njovu
Kutalika kwa moyo wa zinyama zomwe zili mu dongosolo la Proboscidea kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wazinthu zokha, komanso kulingalira zinthu zofunika monga malo okhala, zaka ndi zakudya. Ngakhale kuti njovu zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolanda nyama zazikulu komanso zamphamvu kwambiri, nyama zazikulu zazikuluzikulu zimatha kuwona anthu okha komanso zinthu zosafunikira zachilengedwe monga adani akulu komanso odalirika okha.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwaposachedwa, ndi njovu zaku Africa pafupifupi 500-600 zokha zomwe zimatsalira kuthengo, zomwe, pansi pazabwino, zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 60-70, ndikupitilira kukula pang'onopang'ono m'moyo wawo wonse. Chiwerengero cha njovu zaku Africa ndichonso sichachikulu kwambiri, ndipo kuchepa kwa ziwerengero kumalumikizidwa ndikuwonongedwa kwa mayiko onse, kuwonongedwa kwa nyama chifukwa cha minyanga ndi kusamutsidwa kwa anthu.
Njovu siisankha posankha chakudya, koma kutalika kwa moyo wawo kumatengera mtundu wa mano... Nyama ikangosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mano, imatha kufa chifukwa chotopa kwambiri. Monga lamulo, pafupi zaka makumi asanu, kusintha kosasinthika pamachitidwe otafuna kumachitika, mano amawonongeka, ndipo nyama yoyamwa imamwalira ndi njala.
Njovu zimakhala utali wotani
Monga ziwerengero zikuwonetsera, kutalika kwa njovu zomwe zagwidwa ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa nyama zomwe zimakhala mwachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, njovu zaku Africa ndi ku Kenya zomwe zimakhala mu ukapolo zimamwalira zisanakwanitse zaka makumi awiri, ndipo anthu amtundu wa Kenya amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka makumi asanu. Mwa zina, kuchuluka kwa kufa kwa njovu zomwe zidagwidwa ndikulamulira kwakukulu kuposa zachilengedwe.
Zofunika!Ngakhale kuti nyengo zabwino kwambiri zosungira nyama zakutchire zimapangidwa m'malo osungira nyama ndi malo osungira ana, nthawi yomwe njovu imakhala m'ndende imakhala yocheperako katatu kuposa nthawi yayitali ya nyama yakutchire.
Asayansi akufotokoza zodabwitsazi ndi magulu anzeru kwambiri amisili ndi nyama yokhulupirika. Njovu zimatha kumva chisoni ndikulira, koma zimatha kusangalala ndikuseka.... Amakhala ndi zokumbukira zabwino kwambiri. Monga momwe kuwonera kwanthawi yayitali kukusonyeza, njovu ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a abale awo ndipo zimazungulira odwala ndi chisamaliro, ndipo pambuyo pa imfa amachita mwambo wamaliro wonse, ndikuwaza thupi ndi nthaka ndikuphimba ndi nthambi.
Kodi njovu zimakhala zaka zingati m'chilengedwe
Njovu zazikulu ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, amphongo a njovu zaku India ndi ochepera pang'ono kuposa njovu za savannah, koma ngakhale kukula kwake kumakhala kokongola kwambiri ndipo ndi 6.0-6.4 m ndi thupi lolemera matani 5.4.
Poyerekeza, njovu yayikulu yakutchire imalemera pafupifupi matani 7. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kodabwitsa, nyama zazikuluzikuluzi sizikhala ndi adani zikadzakula. Komabe, njovu zosakwana zaka ziwiri nthawi zambiri zimakodwa ndi mikango, akambuku, ng'ona ngakhale afisi. Pakhala pali zochitika pamene njovu zimatsutsana ndi zipembere zazikulu.
Komabe, pafupifupi theka la njovu zazing'ono zimamwalira zisanakwanitse zaka 15. Akamakula, miyezo ya anthu akufa imatsika mpaka zaka 45, pambuyo pake amaukanso. Mano omaliza a njovu atagwa, kuthekera kofunafuna chakudya chomwe amapeza kwatayika kwathunthu ndipo kufa ndi njala kumachitika.... Mu njovu zaku India, nkhono zimasinthidwa kasanu ndi kamodzi pamoyo wawo, ndipo zaposachedwa kwambiri zimaphulika zili ndi zaka makumi anayi.
Komanso, ngozi zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala chifukwa cha zomwe zimayambitsa kufa, kuphatikiza kuvulala ndi matenda ofala kwambiri a proboscis. Njovu nthawi zambiri zimadwala matenda osachiritsika monga nyamakazi ndi chifuwa chachikulu, komanso matenda amwazi - septicemia. Mwambiri, lero, chilombo chokhacho chomwe chimakhudza njovu ndi anthu.
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukhala ndi moyo wa njovu
Pofuna kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, njovu, ngakhale zitakhala zamtundu wanji, zimafunikira kuyenda kwambiri. Njovu, monga ulamuliro, kutsogolera otchedwa moyo woyendayendawu, ndipo gulu akhoza kukhala ndi eyiti kapena kuposa nyama za banja limodzi kapena ogwirizana kudzera ubwenzi. Kutalika ndi kulondolera kwa njira iliyonse ya ziweto amasankhidwa ndi akazi achangu kwambiri komanso anzeru.
Ndizosangalatsa!Monga momwe asayansi akuwonera, njovu zomwe zimakhala m'malo okhala ndi nkhalango, m'makhalidwe awo, ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo omwe amakhala m'malo athyathyathya.
M'malo osungira nyama ndi ana, njovu imapatsidwa chakudya, ndipo kufunika kosamalira zolimbitsa thupi kumatheratu. Mwa zina, palibe nazale imodzi kapena malo osungira nyama omwe angakwanitse kupeza malo okwanira kusunga njovu, kuyenda ndikuyisambitsa, chifukwa chake, ili mndende, nyama imamwalira kale kuposa abale ake okhala kuthengo.
Kuchepetsa kwakukulu m'dera logawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa njovu zakutchire kwadziwika m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kukulitsa kwakukulu kwa madera omwe apatsidwa minda yolimapo ndi minda ya bulugamu. Zipangizo zomwe zimapezeka m'minda yotereyi ndizofunika kwambiri pamapepala ndi zamkati mwa Southeast Asia.
Ngakhale kuti pali malamulo okhudza kuteteza njovu, nyamayi ikuwonongedwa kwambiri ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.... Mwazina, malonda amakolo a njovu amapangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, zazikazi za njovu zaku Asia sizimaphedwa ndi anthu opha nyama moperewera, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chosowa mano, ndipo kusaka amuna ndikofala ndipo kumalumikizidwa ndi nyama yolipidwa kwambiri yaminyanga ya njovu. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwama amuna sikunakhale chifukwa chachikulu cha kusamvana pakati pa chiwerewere, chomwe sichinakhudze kuchuluka kwa anthu okha, komanso chibadwa cha njovu.
