Sloths (Folivora) ndi amodzi mwa odabwitsa. Nyama yaulesiyi ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa malo owonera nyama, ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali m'maloto, zomwe zidadzetsa dzina lodziwika bwino la mtunduwo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Maonekedwe a kanyama kamene kamakhala kosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu ndi malo okhala nyamayi. Kanyama kameneka ndi kamene kamaonetsa kuti njira inayake ya moyo imakhudza zinthu zambiri m'thupi la nyama.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chodziwika bwino cha ma sloth awiri amiyendo ndi kupezeka kwa ma vertebrae asanu ndi awiri achiberekero, chifukwa chake mutu wa nyamayi ndiwothamanga kwambiri ndipo imatha kuzunguliraza.
Chofunika pamoyo wa sloth ndi moyo wongokhala, komanso kupulumutsa mphamvu kwambiri... Chiwindi cha nyama iyi chimasiyanitsidwa ndi khoma la peritoneal ndi m'mimba, ndipo chimakhala pafupi ndi dorsal dera. Nkhumba ili kumanja. Mwa zina, mimbulu ndi matumbo aulesi ndi akulu modabwitsa, ndipo trachea imayimiriridwa ndi ma curls achilendo.
Maonekedwe aulesi
Chinyama chachikulu chimakhala ndi thupi lokulirapo. Kutalika kwakuthupi kumasiyana pakati pa 50-60 cm ndikulemera kuchokera pa 4.0 mpaka 6.0 kg. Kunja, akayendedwe amaoneka ngati anyani opindidwa, anyani oseketsa okhala ndi miyendo yayitali, omwe amakhala ndi zala zolimba komanso zotukuka.
Ndizosangalatsa!Sizodabwitsa kuti chinyama ndi cha dongosolo la Opanda mano. Mano a nyamayi alibe mizu kapena enamel, komanso amafanana kukula ndi mawonekedwe.
Thupi la kanyama kameneka ndi kokutidwa ndi chivundikiro chaubweya chachitali chazitali. Mutu ndi waung'ono kukula, wokhala ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono ndi maso ang'onoang'ono, omwe amakhala osawoneka kuseri kwa tsitsi lakuda komanso lalitali. Mchirawo ndi waufupi kwambiri komanso wosazindikirika bwino kuchokera kumtunda wobiriwira.
Utali wamoyo
Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi zala ziwiri m'nthawi zachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri, ndi kotala yazaka zana. Ali mu ukapolo, mosamala, nyama zotere zimatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali. M'malo osungira nyama, akalulu amakhala zaka 30 kapena kuposapo.
Mitundu ya ma sloth
Pakadali pano, mabanja awiri amadziwika ndipo amaphunzira bwino: zala zitatu ndi zala ziwiri.
Banja lamanyazi atatu lili ndi mitundu inayi, yoyimiriridwa ndi:
- ulesi wa pygmy (B. pygmaeus);
- bulauni ya pakhosi (B. variegatus);
- sloth yazala zitatu (B. tridactylus);
- kogwirira kozungulira (B. torquatus).
Banja la mitundu iwiri ya zala zake limaphatikizapo Hoffman sloth (C. hoffmanni) ndi sloth yazala ziwiri (C. dactactylus).
Kodi ulesi umakhala kuti, malo okhala
Mitundu yonse ya ma sloth imakhala m'malo otentha komanso akumadzulo. Chiweto chachikulu chimapezeka kum'mwera kwa America. Kanyamaka kameneka kali ndi zala ziwiri ndipo kofala kwambiri m'madera a m'nkhalango, ku Venezuela ndi ku Guiana, komanso kumpoto kwa Brazil.
Palibe zowopseza kwambiri kupulumuka kwa zala zazitatu pakadali pano, koma anthu am'deralo nthawi zambiri amadya nyama yaulesi kuti idye, ndipo khungu lolimba limagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zodzikongoletsera. Mwa zina, zikhadabo zazitali ndi zopindika za nyama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mikanda yachikhalidwe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ulova wa mano awiri kapena awiri nawonso sakhala m'gulu la nyama zotetezedwa, koma nyama zamtunduwu zimasakidwa chifukwa cha nyama yokoma komanso yopatsa thanzi. Komabe, chiwopsezo chachikulu cha ma sloth sichiyimiridwa ndi kusaka ndi adani achilengedwe, koma ndi zochita za anthu komanso kudula mitengo mwachisawawa.
Moyo waulesi
Ma sloth ali mgulu la nyama zachete komanso zamtendere.... Nthawi zambiri nyamazi zimakhala moyo wokha. Komabe, pafupifupi ma sloth achikulire onse amalekerera modekha kupezeka kwa anthu ena panthambi zoyandikana. Si zachilendo kuwona momwe nyama zingapo nthawi imodzi zimapangira malo otchedwa "malo ogona" ndikukhala limodzi ndi nsana wawo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito sloth yazala ziwiri imagwa madzulo kapena nthawi yausiku, choncho nthawi yamasana nthawi zambiri imasungidwa kuti igone, kutalika kwake kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakadutsa maola 10-15. Ma sloth atatu azala amakonda kukhala moyo wamasana, ndipo amadyetsa ndikusaka tizilombo nthawi yamadzulo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Ngakhale nthawi yogwira ntchito, nyamayo imachedwa pang'onopang'ono kotero kuti kuyenda kumatha kuzindikirika pokhapokha pakuwona nyama, ndipo kuthamanga kwakanthawi sikudutsa mita zingapo mu mphindi imodzi.
Kuti usunthire kuchoka pa korona wa chomera china kupita pa china, kanyama kameneka kamatsikira pansi, ndipo kamakhala kosathandiza kwenikweni. Chinyamacho sichidziwa kuyimirira ndi miyendo yake, ndipo chimayenda ndi zikhadabo pamapazi ake akutsogolo, chikufalikira pamimba ndikudzikoka. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ma sloth ndi osambira abwino ndipo amatha kuthamangira pafupifupi 3-4 km / h m'madzi.
Kudya, kugwira ulesi
Gawo lalikulu lazakudya za zinyama monga ma sloth zimayimiriridwa ndi masamba, koma menyu amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chakudya cha nyama, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati abuluzi ang'onoang'ono kapena tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Mbali yachilengedwe ndi mtundu wa microflora yomwe imakhala m'mimba, yomwe imalola kuti masamba olimba azigaya pafupifupi thupi lonse la mammalian. Chithandizo chamtengo wapatali chimbudzi chimaperekedwa ndi mabakiteriya a symbion omwe akutenga nawo gawo pakuwonongeka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za mbeu.
Ndizosangalatsa!Sloths amadyetsa popachikidwa pamitengo atatembenuza nsana, ndipo masamba amang'ambika ndi milomo yolimba komanso yowopsya kapena kutsogolo.
Monga lamulo, ma sloth amadya kwambiri, ndipo chakudya chonse chomwe chimadyedwa nthawi imodzi ndi kotala kapena gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kulemera kwa nyama yayikulu. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumatha kugayidwa pasanathe milungu itatu. Chakudya chochepa kwambiri chimalimbikitsa nyamayo kuti isamawononge mphamvu zake zonse, choncho kanyamaka kamayenda pang'onopang'ono.
Pafupifupi kamodzi pamlungu, ma sloth amayenerabe kutsika pamtengo "kupita kuchimbudzi", komwe amakumbako timabowo tating'ono. Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwama metabolism kumawonekera mukutentha kwa thupi kwa nyama, komwe kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 24-34zaKUCHOKERA.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ma sloth awiri amapangidwira nthawi yokwanira. Palibe nyengo yeniyeni yomwe zinyama zimagwiritsira ntchito kuswana, kotero awiriwa amatha kukhala ndi ana nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Mbalame yaimuna ndi yamphongo imatha kupezeka mosavuta m'malo akulu chifukwa cha mawu apadera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chiwerengero cha ma sloth awiri amiyendo chimayimiriridwa ndi akazi ambiri, ndipo amuna, monga lamulo, ndi ocheperako, omwe amakhudza kubereketsa mitundu.
Njira zosakanizirana zimayendetsedwa molunjika mumitengo. Mimba imakhala pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mkazi aliyense amabala mwana mmodzi yekha, ndipo ntchito imachitikanso pamtengo. Pakubereka, chachikazi chimapachikidwa kumiyendo yakutsogolo, ndipo mwana wobadwa kumeneyo amakakamizidwa kuyenda pawokha pa thupi la mayi.
Mkazi nayenso amaluma chingwe cha umbilical ndi mano ake, pambuyo pake amanyambita kamwana kake ndikumuloleza pafupi ndi nsautso. Pambuyo pake nyama yayikuluyo imakhazikika mwachilengedwe ndikupachikidwa pama nthambi ndi miyendo yonse inayi.
M'miyezi inayi yoyambirira, mwana wobadwa wakhanda amakhala nthawi yayitali mthupi la amayi ake, omwe samasunthika... Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, kamwana kanthabwala kamayamba kuyesa kudzidyetsa kokha, koma akafika zaka 9, kanyama kameneka kanatha kusamukira ku nthambi zina ndi kuyamba moyo wodziimira palokha. Pofika zaka zitatu, kanyama kameneka kamayamba kukula ngati nyama yayikulu.
Kuyika ulesi kunyumba
M'zaka zaposachedwa, okonda nyama zam'madera otentha akuchulukirachulukira monga ziweto. Nyama yotere kunyumba imasinthika mosavuta ndipo imamva kukhala yoyipa kwambiri m'nyumba kuposa m'nkhalango. Ngakhale akuchedwa kuzimiririka ndipo akuti ndi aulesi, sloth ndi chiweto chokonda kwambiri komanso chokhulupirika. Mofulumira, nyama ngati imeneyi imazolowera ana ang'ono ndi ziweto zina.
Ndizosangalatsa!Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri maulesi mnyumbamo ndi kama wamba, momwe nyama yakutchire imakwera mwachangu ndikubisala pansi pa bulangeti.
Ngati pali lingaliro lolimba logula nyama yachilendo yotereyi, ndiye kuti m'pofunika kusamalira pasadakhale kukonzekera malo oti nyamayo izikhalamo.... Akatswiri ambiri amalimbikitsa kuti mupatse chipinda chapadera chinyama choterechi, koma khola lalikulu lokhala ndi zomerazo ndizoyenera kusamalira nyumba. Mwanjira imeneyi, mndende zitha kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi chilengedwe cha nyama.
Podyetsa ulesi kunyumba, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito masamba a bulugamu ndi zomera zina, komanso chakudya chapadera cha mafakitale. Madzi oyera ndi abwino ayenera kupezeka ndi chiweto nthawi zonse.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti sloth iyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya pakati pa 25-35zaC ndi chinyezi choyenera, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira simungathe kuchita popanda zida zapadera zotenthetsera komanso zotsekemera zapamwamba.
Kusunga nyamayi kotere ndi ntchito yotsika mtengo yomwe imafunikira ndalama zambiri, chifukwa chake, musanagule, muyenera kuwunika mozama luso lanu ndikufunsana ndi obereketsa omwe ali akatswiri pofalitsa mitundu yachilendo imeneyi.
