Njoka yamfumu (Lampropeltis) ndi yamtundu wa njoka zopanda poizoni komanso banja la njoka zopangidwa kale. Lero pali mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi inayi, malo okhala omwe ndi North ndi Central America, komanso Mexico.
Kuwonekera ndikufotokozera za njoka zachifumu
Njoka yamfumuyo idatchulidwanso "chishango chowala" chifukwa chakupezeka kwamiyeso yapambuyo kwambiri. Royal, njokayo idatchulidwapo chifukwa chakuti kuthengo, mitundu ina ya njoka, kuphatikiza zoyizoni, idakhala yokoma kwambiri kwa iyo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa thupi la njoka yamfumu ku poizoni wa obadwa nawo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Milandu yomwe oimira mtundu wachifumu wa njoka adadya njoka zamphamvu kwambiri zalembedwa.
Pakadali pano, ma subspecies asanu ndi awiri okha amtundu wa njoka zachifumu adaphunziridwa bwino. Mitundu yonse imakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu osati mitundu yokha, komanso kukula kwake. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera ku 0.8 m mpaka theka ndi theka mpaka mita ziwiri. Monga lamulo, mamba a njoka zamtunduwu ndi osalala, ali ndi mtundu wowala komanso wosiyana, ndipo mawonekedwe akuluwo amaimiridwa ndi mphete zingapo zamitundu yambiri. Kuphatikiza kofala kwambiri kumayimiriridwa ndi ofiira, akuda ndi oyera.
King njoka kuthengo
Mitundu yonse yamtundu wa njoka zachifumu imapezeka kwambiri ku America ndi madera oyandikana nawo.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Njoka zachifumu wamba zimakhala makamaka m'zipululu kapena m'malo am'chipululu ku North America. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ku Arizona ndi Nevada. Anthu ambiri amakhala m'madambo a Florida ndi Alabama.
Moyo wachifumu wa njoka
Njoka yamfumu imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango za coniferous, m'malo okhala ndi nkhalango za shrub, madambo, m'chipululu... Amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'mapiri.
Chokwawa chimakhala ndi moyo wapadziko lapansi, koma sichilekerera kutentha bwino, chifukwa chake, pakagwa nyengo yowuma komanso yotentha, imangosaka usiku.
Mitundu ya njoka zamfumu
Mitundu ingapo yamtundu wa njoka zamfumu zopanda poizoni ikufalikira makamaka:
- njoka yamfumu yamapiri mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka, yokhala ndi mutu wakuda wonyezimira, chitsulo kapena imvi komanso thupi lolimba, koma lokulirapo, kachitidwe kake komwe kamayimiriridwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa imvi ndi lalanje;
- njoka yachifumu yokongola mpaka mita imodzi, yokhala ndi mutu wopanikizika komanso wopota pang'ono, maso akulu ndi thupi lowonda, lalikuru kapena lofiirira lokhala ndi mawanga ofiira ofiira ofiira;
- Njoka yachifumu yaku Mexico mpaka kutalika kwa mita ziwiri, ndi mutu wopingasa pang'ono wopanikizika kuchokera mbali ndi thupi lochepa, lolimba, mtundu wake waukulu ndi imvi kapena bulauni wokhala ndi mawanga amakona anayi ofiira kapena akuda ndi oyera;
- Njoka yachifumu yaku Arizona mpaka mita imodzi, ndi wamfupi, wamutu wakuda wozungulira komanso thupi lowonda, lowonda, momwe mitundu itatu imawonekera bwino, yoyimiriridwa ndi mikwingwirima yofiira, yakuda ndi yachikasu kapena yoyera.
Komanso, wamba, Sinaloian, wakuda, Honduran, California ndi njoka yamfumu yamiyala adaphunzira bwino.
Chakudya ndi kupanga
Mitundu ina ya njoka, kuphatikizapo anthu oopsa, nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama za njoka zamfumu.... Mtundu uwu umagwiritsanso ntchito abuluzi ndi mitundu yonse ya makoswe ang'onoang'ono ngati chakudya. Akuluakulu amakonda kudya anzawo.
Adani achilengedwe a njokayo
Mwachilengedwe, adani a njoka amatha kuyimiriridwa ndi mbalame zazikulu, monga adokowe, ntchentche, mbalame za mlembi ndi ziwombankhanga. Zinyama zimasakanso njoka. Nthawi zambiri, zokwawa zimakhala nyama ya jaguar, nguluwe zakutchire, ng'ona, akambuku ndi mphalapala.
Kusunga njoka yachifumu kunyumba
Mitundu yapakatikati ndiyabwino kusamalira nyumba, zomwe sizowonjezera, ndipo ndizosavuta kuzolowera ma terrariums. Mwini wa reptile adzafunika kugula zida zofananira.
Njoka chipangizo terrarium
Mulingo woyenera wa terrarium wosunga mfumu njoka udzakhala wosakanikirana, wowoneka bwino womwe ndi 800x550x550 mm. Kwa anthu ang'onoang'ono, pali masitepe okhala ndi kukula kwa 600x300x300 mm.
Gawo lakumunsi liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi kapeti yapadera yokutira kapena yokutidwa ndi ma coconut apamwamba. Njira yosayenera ingakhale kugwiritsa ntchito pepala.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mapanga ang'onoang'ono, makungwa akulu, kapena mitengo yayikulu kwambiri ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zokongoletsera.
Pangodya ya terrarium muyenera kuyika dziwe laling'ono posambitsira njokayo... Khoma la terrarium limalumikizidwa ndi hydrometer ndi thermometer, zomwe zimalola kuti microclimate azilamulira bwino. Kutentha kwakukulu kosungira masana ndi 25-32zaKUCHOKERA. Usiku, kutentha kuyenera kutsitsidwa mpaka 20-25zaC. Mulingo wambiri wa chinyezi uyenera kukhala pakati pa 50-60%. Kupopera kumachitika ngati kuli kofunikira.
Mukamasunga zokwawa, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi kuyatsa koyenera ndi nyali za fulorosenti, zomwe siziyenera kukhala zowala kwambiri. Kutenthetsa terrarium, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zingapo zopumira, koma ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphasa wapadera wamafuta kuti agwirizane ndi imodzi mwa ngodya za terrarium.
Zofunika!Muyenera kukhala ndi thanzi la zokwawa ndi nyali za ultraviolet, zomwe ziyenera kuyatsidwa tsiku lililonse kwa theka la ora.
Zakudya ndi zakudya zoyambira
Njoka yaing'ono kapena yaying'ono iyenera kudyetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata, kupewa njala, yomwe imakhudza kukula ndi chitukuko cha reptile. Mbewa zatsopano ndi mbewa zothamanga zimakhala chakudya cha njoka zazing'ono. Njoka yayikulu imafunika kudyetsedwa pang'ono pang'ono, pafupifupi kawiri kapena katatu pamwezi, pogwiritsa ntchito mbewa zazikulu, ma gerbils, dzungariks ndi makoswe ena azizindikiro zoyenera pazifukwa izi.
Zofunika! Kumbukirani kuti mutadyetsa njoka yamfumu, simungathe kutenga chokwawa m'manja mwanu kwa masiku atatu kapena anayi.
Njoka yaying'ono imatha kukhala yankhanza ndipo poyambirira imayesera kuluma mwiniwake, yemwe nthawi zambiri amapita ndi ukalamba. Madzi ayenera kupezeka kwa njoka nthawi zonse... Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi ndi nthawi tiwonjezere mavitamini apadera a zokwawa m'madzi oyera.
Kusamalitsa
Njoka zachifumu, komanso osula amkuwa aku Europe, ndi omwe ali ndi poizoni wofooka, yemwe amathandiza chokwawa kuti chiwononge nyama wamba, yoyimiriridwa ndi abuluzi ndi njoka, m'chilengedwe. Poizoniyo amachepetsa kukana kwa wovutikayo pokakamira komanso kumeza.
Mano a mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo sangathe kuvulaza khungu la munthu.... Akasungidwa kunyumba, njoka zazikulu zamfumu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowawitsa ndipo sawonetsa nkhanza kwa eni ake. Muyenera kuyimitsa njoka m'manja mwanu pang'onopang'ono, kutenga pafupifupi mphindi 10-15 patsiku.
Kutalika kwa moyo wamfumu njoka
Kutengera malamulo osunga ndi kudyetsa, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa njoka yachifumu, ngakhale atakhala amtundu wanji, ndi pafupifupi zaka khumi, koma, monga machitidwe akuwonetsera, zaka za anthu ena zimapitilira zaka khumi ndi zisanu.
Kuswana njoka kunyumba
Mu ukapolo, njoka zamfumu zimaswana bwino. Kunyumba, nyengo yachisanu, nyengo yotentha mu terrarium iyenera kutsitsidwa, ndipo mchaka champhongo chamwamuna ndi wamkazi chiyenera kuikidwa. Kwatsala sabata imodzi kuti kuzizirako, muyenera kusiya kudyetsa njokayo, pambuyo pake kutenthetsa kumazimitsa ndipo kutentha kumatsikira mpaka 12-15zaC. Patatha mwezi umodzi, kutentha kumakwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mikhalidwe yodyetsa ya reptile imabwerera.
Mkazi wamkulu amatayira mazira awiri kapena khumi ndi awiri, ndipo nthawi yosungunulira imatha kusiyanasiyana kuyambira mwezi umodzi ndi theka mpaka miyezi iwiri kutentha kwa 27-29zaKUCHOKERA. Sabata imodzi atabadwa, njoka zimasungunuka, pambuyo pake mutha kuyamba kuzidyetsa kangapo pa sabata.... A wamng'ono terrarium anagawa achinyamata. M'tsogolomu, njoka zachifumu zimasungidwa zokha, chifukwa chodya anzawo.
Gulani mfumu njoka - malangizo
Njoka zomwe zangopezeka kumene ziyenera kusungidwa kunyumba yokhazikika kuti mavuto aliwonse athanzi la reptile azidziwike. Ndibwino kusunga njokayo m'chipinda chayokha kuti mupewe matenda obwera chifukwa cha zokwawa zina zapakhomo.
Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa njokayo pakalibe tiziromboti tapanja. Panthawi yokhayokha, pamafunika kuyang'anitsitsa chopondapo ndi chakudya chokwawa. Popanda chidziwitso, ndibwino kuti musonyeze njokayo kwa veterinarian woyenerera mutagula. Ndibwino kugula chokwawa m'minda yazinyumba zapadera ndi m'masitolo kapena kwa obzala okhazikika.
Komwe mungagule njoka ndi zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana
Mtengo wa njoka yamfumu umatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera komwe mumagula, komanso mitundu ndi zaka. Mtengo wapakati m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto ku Moscow:
- Njoka yachifumu yaku California HI-YELLOW - 4700-4900 ruble;
- Njoka yamfumu yaku California YAMangidwa - ma ruble 4800;
- njoka yachifumu yaku Honduras HI-WHITE ABERRANT - ma ruble 4800;
- Njoka yachifumu yaku California Albino Banana - ma ruble 4900;
- Njoka wamba yachifumu yakuCalifornia Banded Cafe - ma ruble 5000;
- Njoka ya Royal Honduran HYPOMELANISTIC APRICOT - ma ruble 5000;
- Njoka yachifumu yaku California Albino - ma ruble 5500;
- njoka yamapiri yachifumu Huachuk - ma ruble 5500.
Zofunika!Mukamagula, muyenera kusamala kuti cholengedwa chokwawa choyenda bwino ndi cholemera mokwanira ndipo sichidwala matenda a anorexia.
Ndikofunika kufufuza m'kamwa, momwe simukuyenera kukhala ndi bowa wamlomo chifukwa cha staphylococci. Onaninso nyamakazi yanu kuti ikhale ndi nthata zomwe zimayambitsa khungu, ndikudziwitseni nthawi ndi momwe zimatsanulira khungu. Chokwawa cholimba mokwanira chiyenera kuchotsa khungu lakale kamodzi.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, eni njoka zamfumu ambiri adayika kachipangizo kakang'ono mu ziweto zawo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitsatira komwe kuli ngati kuli kofunikira. Uku ndi ntchito yosavuta, ndipo nambala yapadera pa chip imakupatsani mwayi wowongolera cholengedwa chokwawa.
