Shaki yoyera yayikulu imadziwika ndi ambiri kuti shark wodya anthu, kapena karcharodon. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi ndi anthu opitilira zikwi zitatu, chifukwa chake nsomba yayikulu yayikulu ili m'gulu lazinyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a shark yoyera
Nsomba zazikuluzikulu kwambiri zamasiku ano ndizamamita khumi ndi chimodzi kapena pang'ono kutalika. Odziwika kwambiri ndi anthu omwe kutalika kwawo sikokwanira mamita asanu ndi limodzi, komanso kulemera kwa makilogalamu 650-3000. Kumbuyo ndi mbali za shark yoyera kumakhala ndi utoto wofiirira wokhala ndimayendedwe ofiira pang'ono kapena akuda... Pamimba pamakhala poyera.
Ndizosangalatsa!Amadziwika kuti posachedwapa panali nsombazi zoyera, zomwe kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira mamita makumi atatu. Pakamwa pa munthu wotere, wokhala kumapeto kwa maphunziro apamwamba, akulu eyiti atha kukhazikika momasuka.
Shaki zoyera zamakono amakhala okha. Akuluakulu amapezeka osati m'madzi a m'nyanja, komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nthawi zambiri, nsombazi zimayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi madzi, ndipo zimakonda kutentha ndi madzi ofunda am'nyanja. Nyamayo imawonongedwa ndi shark yoyera yayikulu yokhala ndi mano akulu akulu komanso otakata, amakona atatu. Mano onse atuluka m'mbali. Nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri zimalola nyama yolusa ya m'madzi kuti ingoluma mwamphamvu osati mafupa okhaokha, komanso mafupa akulu okwanira. Nsomba zoyera zopanda njala sizisankha makamaka pazakudya zawo.
Makhalidwe a morphology ya shark yoyera:
- mutu waukulu woboola pakati wonyezimira uli ndi maso awiri, mphuno ziwiri ndi mkamwa mokwanira;
- ma grooves ang'ono amakhala mozungulira mphuno, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwamadzi ndikulimbikitsa kununkhiza kwa nyamayo;
- Zizindikiro zamagetsi a nsagwada zazikulu zimafika ma newtons zikwi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu;
- mano omwe ali m'mizere isanu amasintha pafupipafupi, koma chiwerengerocho chimasiyanasiyana mkati mwa mazana atatu;
- kuseri kwa mutu wa chilombo pali asanu gill slits;
- Zipsepse zikuluzikulu ziwiri zamatope ndi khungu lakuthambo kwamkati. Amakwaniritsidwa ndi zipsepse zazing'ono zakumbuyo, m'chiuno, ndi kumatako;
- chimbudzi chomwe chili mchira ndi chachikulu;
- kayendedwe ka magazi ka nyamayo kamapangidwa bwino ndipo imatha kutenthetsa minofu yaminyewa, kukulitsa liwiro lakuyenda ndikusintha kuyenda kwa thupi lalikulu.
Ndizosangalatsa!Shaki yoyera yayikulu ilibe chikhodzodzo chosambira, chifukwa chake imakhala yowuma bwino, komanso kuti isamire pansi, nsomba zimayenera kusambira nthawi zonse.
Mbali ya mitunduyi ndi mawonekedwe achilendo amaso, omwe amalola nyama yolusa kuti iwone nyama ngakhale mumdima. Lemba lapadera la nsombazi ndiye mzere wotsatira, chifukwa chomwe chisokonezo chaching'ono chamadzi chimagwidwa ngakhale patali mita zana kapena kupitilira apo.
Malo ndi kugawa m'chilengedwe
Malo okhala shark woyera wamkulu ndi madzi ambiri amphepete mwa nyanja ya World Ocean.... Nyamayi imapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula Nyanja ya Arctic komanso kupitirira gawo lakumwera kwa gombe la Australia ndi South Africa.
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu amasaka m'mbali mwa nyanja ku California, komanso kufupi ndi chilumba cha Guadeloupe ku Mexico. Komanso, ochepa a shark yoyera amakhala pafupi ndi Italy ndi Croatia, komanso pagombe la New Zealand. Apa, magulu ang'onoang'ono amagawidwa ngati mitundu yotetezedwa.
A shark oyera ambiri asankha madzi pafupi ndi Dyer Island, zomwe zalola asayansi kuchita bwino maphunziro angapo asayansi. Ndiponso, anthu ochuluka kwambiri a shark yoyera wamkulu anapezeka pafupi ndi madera otsatirawa:
- Mauritius;
- Madagascar;
- Kenya;
- Seychelles;
- Australia;
- New Zealand.
Mwambiri, nyamayo imakhala yopanda ulemu m'malo mwake, chifukwa chake, kusamukira kumayang'ana madera omwe ali ndi nyama zambiri komanso malo abwino oswana. Nsomba za Epipelagic zimatha kutenga zokongola kumadera am'mbali mwa nyanja okhala ndi zisindikizo zambiri, mikango yam'nyanja, anamgumi ndi mitundu ina ya nsombazi kapena nsomba zazikulu zamathambo. Anangumi akuluakulu okha ndi omwe amatha kulimbana ndi "mbuye" uyu wam'nyanja.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Khalidwe ndi kapangidwe ka ma shark oyera sizinaphunzirebe mokwanira. Zimadziwika bwino kuti anthu okhala m'madzi oyandikira ku South Africa amadziwika ndi ulamuliro wolamulira malinga ndi kugonana, kukula komanso malo okhala anthu. Kulamulira kwa akazi kuposa amuna, komanso anthu akulu kwambiri pamasamba ang'onoang'ono... Mikangano panthawi yosaka imathetsedwa ndi miyambo kapena machitidwe owonetsa. Nkhondo pakati pa anthu omwewo ndizotheka, koma ndizochepa. Monga lamulo, nsombazi zamtunduwu pamikangano zimangokhala zopanda mphamvu kwambiri, zochenjeza.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi shark yoyera ndikuti nthawi ndi nthawi imakweza mutu wake pamwamba pamadzi posaka ndikusaka nyama. Malinga ndi asayansi, mwanjira imeneyi nsombazi zimatha kugwirira fungo bwino, ngakhale patali kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa!Zowononga zimalowa m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, monga lamulo, m'magulu okhazikika kapena ataliatali, kuphatikiza anthu awiri kapena asanu ndi limodzi, omwe amafanana ndi paketi ya nkhandwe. Gulu lirilonse limakhala ndi mtsogoleri wotchedwa alpha, ndipo anthu ena onse omwe ali mu "paketi" ali ndiudindo wotsimikizika molingana ndi utsogoleri wolowezana.
Nsomba zazikulu zoyera zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthekera kwakukula kwamalingaliro ndi luntha, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi wopeza chakudya chawo pafupifupi chilichonse, ngakhale zinthu zovuta kwambiri.
Chakudya cha nyama zam'madzi
Ma karharadons achichepere, monga chakudya chachikulu, amagwiritsa ntchito nsomba zam'mafupa apakatikati, nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono zam'madzi ndi nyama zapakati. Shaki zoyera zokwanira bwino komanso zopangidwa mokwanira zimakulitsa zakudya zawo chifukwa cha nyama zazikulu, zomwe zitha kukhala zisindikizo, mikango yam'nyanja, komanso nsomba zazikulu. Ma karcharadons achikulire sangakane nyama zotere monga mitundu yaying'ono ya shark, cephalopods ndi nyama zina zam'madzi zopatsa thanzi.
Pofuna kusaka nsomba zazikulu zoyera, gwiritsani ntchito mtundu wina wachilengedwendipo. Mitundu yowala kwambiri imachititsa kuti nsombazi zisamaonekere pakati pa miyala yomwe ili pansi pa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizivuta kupeza nyama yomwe ikufuna. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi nthawi yomwe nsomba zazikulu zoyera zimaukira. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa thupi, chilombocho chimatha kukhala ndi liwiro labwino kwambiri, ndipo luso labwino limalola ma karharadons kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopambana popita kosaka nyama zam'madzi.
Zofunika!Ndi thupi lokulirapo, nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri ndi mano akuthwa, shark yoyera wamkuluyo alibe opikisana naye pazachilengedwe za nyama zam'madzi ndipo amatha kusaka nyama iliyonse.
Zakudya zazikulu za shark yoyera wamkulu ndi zisindikizo ndi nyama zina zam'madzi, kuphatikiza ma dolphin ndi mitundu yaying'ono ya anangumi. Kudya zakudya zamafuta zochuluka kumalola kuti nyamayi izikhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira. Kutentha kwa minofu ndi magazi kumafunikira zakudya zoyimiriridwa ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kusaka chisindikizo cha carcharodon. Ikuyenda mopingasa m'madzi, shaki yoyera imayerekezera kuti sazindikira nyama ikusambira pamwamba pake, koma chisindikizo chikangotaya maso, nsombayo imenya nyama yake, imadumphira m'madzi mwamphamvu komanso pafupifupi liwiro la mphezi. Posaka dolphin, shark yoyera wamkulu amabisalira ndikuukira kumbuyo, zomwe zimalepheretsa dolphin kugwiritsa ntchito luso lake lapadera - malo okhala.
Zoswana
Kubereketsa kwa shark yoyera pogwiritsa ntchito njira yovoviviparity ndipadera ndipo imangokhala munthawi ya nsomba zamatenda okhaokha.... Kukula msinkhu kwa nsomba zazikulu zoyera zazimayi kumachitika ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri mpaka khumi ndi zinayi. Amuna amakula msinkhu posachedwa, azaka pafupifupi khumi. Kuchepa kwachonde komanso kutha msinkhu kumatengedwa ngati zifukwa zazikulu zakuchepa kwa nsomba zazikulu zoyera masiku ano.
Ndizofunikanso kudziwa kuti nsomba yayikulu yoyera imasanduka nyama yolusa ngakhale isanabadwe. Monga lamulo, nsombazi zingapo zimabadwa m'mimba mwa shark wamkazi, koma ndi ana amphamvu okha omwe amabadwa, omwe amadya abale awo onse akadali m'mimba. Nthawi ya bere imakhala pafupifupi miyezi khumi ndi chimodzi. Ana amene amabadwa amayamba kusaka okha nthawi yomweyo. Malinga ndi kuwonedwa kwanthawi yayitali kwa ziwombankhanga ndi ziwerengero zaboma, pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a mbadwo wachinyamata wa shark oyera sakhala ndi moyo mpaka tsiku lawo lobadwa loyamba.
Adani achilengedwe
Shaki yoyera yayikulu ilibe adani achilengedwe ochuluka monga momwe imawonekera poyang'ana koyamba. Nthawi zina, chilombochi chimavulazidwa pakamenyana ndi abale ake achiwawa komanso anjala. Mdani woopsa kwambiri, wamphamvu komanso woopsa kwambiri wa shark yoyera wamkulu ndi wakupha whale... Mphamvu, luntha komanso kugwira kwa nsomba yakupha nthawi zina zimaposa kuthekera kwa nsomba za shaki, ndipo mabungwe apamwamba amawalola kuti aukire karcharodon mwadzidzidzi.
Mwa zina, nsomba za hedgehog ndi mdani woopsa komanso wankhanza wa nsombazi. Ngakhale kukula kwa wokhala m'madzi kumakhala kocheperako, nthawi zambiri imfa ya shark yoyera yayikulu imalumikizidwa ndendende ndi nsomba ya hedgehog, yomwe, pazizindikiro zoyambirira zowopsa, imafufuma mwamphamvu, chifukwa chake imakhala ngati mpira wolimba kwambiri komanso wolimba. Shaki imatha kulavulira kapena kumeza nsomba za hedgehog zomwe zatsamira kale mkamwa mwake, chifukwa chake nyamayi imakumana ndiimfa yopweteka kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda kapena njala.
Shark yoyera yayikulu komanso munthu
Omwe amazunzidwa kwambiri ndi shark yoyera wamkulu ndi okonda kusodza pamasewera komanso osadziwa zambiri, omwe samatha kuyang'anira ndikulimba mtima kusambira pafupi ndi nsomba zolusa. Kuchepa kwa anthu a shark yoyera kumathandizidwa kwambiri ndi mwamunayo, kupha chilombocho kuti apeze zipsepse zamtengo wapatali, nthiti ndi mano.
Komabe, nsomba yayikuluyi yokhoza kuchititsa kuti anthu asamangokhala ndi mantha koma amachitiranso chidwi chenicheni, chifukwa karcharodon ndi imodzi mwazida zankhondo komanso zosinthidwa posaka nyama padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha kununkhira kwambiri, kumva bwino ndi kuwona, kukulitsa mphamvu zowoneka bwino, komanso mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, chilombochi sichikhala ndi adani. Masiku ano, akuluakulu akuluakulu ndi ocheperako, chifukwa chake zikuwonekeratu kuti kuchuluka kwa nsomba zazikulu zoyera zitha kutha kwathunthu posachedwa.
