Piranha wamba (Pygocentrus nattereri) ndi nsomba yodziwika bwino yojambulidwa ndi ray yomwe imadziwika bwino kwa akatswiri ambiri am'madzi, omwe ndi am'mabanja ambiri a piranha (Serrasalmidae). Nsomba zachilendo zachilendo zimatha kusungidwa kunyumba, koma kuti zikule bwino, muyenera kuganizira zikhalidwe za piranha, komanso kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kwa iwo omwe akuchita ulimi wa nsomba za aquarium, piranha yodziwika bwino imadziwika kuti red-bellied, red kapena Natterera piranha. Mitundu yoyamba yachilendo yachilendo idapezeka pakati pa akatswiri okonda masewerawa zaka zopitilira 50 zapitazo, ndipo adabweretsedwa kudera la dziko lathu mzaka zapitazi kuchokera kumasamba achilengedwe a Amazon ndi Orinoco.
Kutalika kwa nsomba, monga lamulo, kumasiyana pakati pa 10-20 cm, koma palinso anthu akuluakulu... Mitundu yonse imasiyana mitundu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yobiriwira ya azitona kapena yakuda ndi buluu. Mimba ndi mbali nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda kapena zotuwa.
Chodziwika bwino cha piranha ndikamwa kwakukulu ndikutuluka, mano opindika, owoneka ngati mphero okhala ndi gawo lakuthwa kwa apical, lomwe limalola chilombocho kukumba ngakhale pakhungu lolimba kwambiri la nyama yake. Pa nsagwada zonse ziwiri, mano ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, koma mzere wakumtunda ndi wocheperako, ndipo munthawi yotseka pakamwa, imapezeka pakati pamano apansi. Nsagwada zimagwira ntchito mothandizidwa ndi minofu yamphamvu yamphamvu. Mbali yapadera ya nsagwada zakutsogolo ndikutsogola kwake komanso kupindika kwa mano kumbuyo.
Malo ogawa zachilengedwe
Piranha - nsomba pasukulu... Mwachilengedwe, chilombochi chimasonkhana m'masukulu akulu kwambiri omwe amakhala m'malo osungira zachilengedwe omwe ali mdera la South America. Malo okhala achilengedwe - Amazon, Paraguay, Parana ndi Essequibo, koma anthu ochulukirapo amapezeka m'maiko monga Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Paraguay, Brazil ndi Central Argentina.
Nsomba zolusa zamtsinje zimakonda kusaka nyama m'madzi osaya kapena m'matope, chifukwa chake, sizodziwika kwenikweni m'nyanja, pomwe malo olanda nyamawa amalandidwa mwayi wobala. Nthawi yobereka m'malo ake achilengedwe imayamba kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti. Kususuka kumapangitsa ma piranhas kukhala m'madamu omwe mumadzaza nsomba.
Ndizosangalatsa!Piranha ndi mtundu wamtsinje mwadongosolo, chifukwa chake, monga lamulo, anthu okhala m'madzi ofooka kapena odwala kwambiri amakhala nyama yawo.
Makhalidwe akusunga ukapolo
Kuswana kunyumba kwa piranha sikungaperekedwe kawirikawiri ndi zovuta.... Kuphatikiza pa piranha wamba, ma aquarists apakhomo amathandizidwa mwakhama:
- Piranha ndi yaying'ono;
- piranha yachidule;
- piranha mbendera;
- metinnis wamba komanso wamwezi;
- belu yofiira kapena yofiira;
- mailo redfin.
Aquarium piranhas ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa, zamanyazi komanso zosamala, chifukwa chake, poyenda mwadzidzidzi poyendetsa kapena kugwira, nsombayo imira pansi. Chilombo chachilendo chimasintha mwatsopano, ndipo khungu ndi zipsepse zowonongeka zimatha kupezanso bwino.
Zofunika!Sukulu yoti ikhalemo m'nyanjayi iyenera kukhala yamsinkhu komanso kukula. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musunge mtundu umodzi m'madzi amodzi, omwe angapewe mikangano ndi kupsinjika.
Oyandikana nawo nsomba zodya nyama ayenera kusankhidwa moyenera, posankha ana, ana, ma guppies ndi ma lupanga, komanso nsombazo.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa aquarium
Gulu limodzi la ma piranhas, okhala ndi nsomba zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu, ziyenera kusungidwa m'nyanja yamadzi, yomwe kuchuluka kwake kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa malita 170-200... Achinyamata amatha kukhazikika mumchere wocheperako, ndipo kwa akulu, m'malo mwake, aquarium yokhala ndi madzi okwanira 300-500 malita ndiyofunika. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokongoletsa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsa, kuphatikiza miyala yamitundu yosiyana, matabwa achilengedwe, komanso zomera zamoyo kapena zomera zopangira.
Kuti mudzaze aquarium, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amakhala ndi asidi pang'ono kapena osalowerera ndale. Makhalidwe abwino a pH ayenera kukhala 5.5-7. Kutentha kotentha kumatha kusiyanasiyana mkati mwa 24-26˚С. Madzi okhala ndi mpweya wabwino amayenera kukhala oyera nthawi zonse, pomwe gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi amadzi amasinthidwa tsiku lililonse. Ndikofunikira kupereka mpweya wabwino kwambiri komanso kusefera kwamadzi.
Makhalidwe amakhalidwe amatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zogona ndi zitsamba zam'madzi zikuluzikulu pokonza gawo lalikulu la malo am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi, omwe chiwerengerocho chiyenera kukhala magawo awiri mwa atatu amtundu wonse.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mano amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aquarium piranhas, monga lamulo, pofuna kudziteteza, motero samawononga zomera zam'madzi.
Zakudya za Piranha
Mwachilengedwe, malo osungira zachilengedwe, zakudya za piranha ndizosiyana kwambiri, komanso kuwonjezera pa nsomba zina, nyama zosadya nyama zimatha kudyetsa nkhono, mitundu yambiri ya nyama zopanda mafupa, amphibiya, komanso zipatso ndi mbewu zoyandama kumtunda.
Mukamakhala m'madzi am'nyumba, tikulimbikitsidwa perekani zakudya zabwino, pogwiritsa ntchito nsomba zazing'ono, nkhanu, nyama ya squid, komanso ma earthworms... Mwazina, muyenera kuwonjezera zakudyazo ndi mbatata zosaphika ndi zukini, kabichi yoyera yodulidwa, letesi ndi sipinachi. Dera laling'ono lotseguka limaperekedwa kuti lizidyetsa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Pofuna kupewa chiopsezo cha kunenepa kwambiri komanso kusokonezeka kwam'mimba, ma piranhas sayenera kudyetsedwa ndi nyama ya mammalian. Chakudya choterechi, chikamadya mosaperewera, chimavunda msanga m'madzi am'madzi otchedwa aquarium, ndipo chimayambitsa kuipitsa malo omwe amawononga nsomba. Zotsatira zabwino komanso kusungitsa nthawi zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mafyulidwe owuma omwe amapangidwa moyenera, opindulitsa ndi ma vitamini ndi michere yonse.
Kudyetsa malamulo
Zofunika!Piranha yam'madzi imadyetsedwa kamodzi patsiku.
Izi zimatenga mphindi zochepa, kenako zotsalazo ziyenera kuchotsedwa m'madzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito kudyetsa koyenera, ndizotheka kusintha malingaliro amalolera aanthu wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa chake gulu lamphamvu limamangidwa mgulu la matrix. Njira yabwino kwambiri yodyetsera nyamayi ndiyo kupachika chakudya pachingwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchotsa zakudya zonse zotsala zomwe sizikudya ndi nsomba ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa ngozi ya madzi. Nsomba zomwe zagwa pansi sizimadya chakudya, motero zimangokhala gwero la kubereka microflora ya tizilombo.
Kwa miyezi ingapo yoyambirira ya moyo, daphnia, tubifex ndi ma virus a magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Kuyambira miyezi itatu, nsomba zimatha kusinthidwa ndikudya wamkulu yemwe amaphatikiza nyama. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti nyama yochulukirapo pazakudya zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha kusabereka, chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa chakudya chama protein chotere sikuyenera kupitirira kotala la chakudya chonse. Ndibwino kuti nsomba zachikulire zizikonzekera kusala kudya kanayi pamwezi, zomwe zimachepetsa mwayi wamankhwala am'mimba.
Zofunika!Kudyetsa zidutswa sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu. Poterepa, ndizotheka kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chakudya.
Njira yodya ndi mtundu wa chisonyezo cha thanzi la piranha. Ngati adani a m'madzi samathamangira kukadya, titha kuganiza kuti mndende sizolondola.
Kubereketsa kunyumba
Pobzala ma piranha kunyumba, malo apadera opangira amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchuluka kwake kwa nsomba kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi malita 300 a madzi. Kulimbikitsanso kubereka kumatha kupezeka pakukweza kutentha mpaka 28 ° C, ndikusintha tsiku ndi tsiku kwa 25% yamadzi, chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso mpweya wabwino. Pansi pa bokosi loberekera muyenera kudzaza miyala ing'onoing'ono. Mulingo wokwanira wosanjikiza wotere sayenera kukhala wochepera 50 mm.
Pogwiritsa ntchito malo abwino kwambiri, piranha yachikazi imayikira pafupifupi mazira 2-3 zikwi, ndikuwayika mu chisa chomwe chidakumba kale champhongo. Piranha yamphongo imasamaliranso ana omwe awonekera. Mphutsi zochokera m'mazira zimawoneka m'masiku angapo, ndipo tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi zasandulika mwachangu, kuti zizidyetsa zomwe ndi zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito cyclops, brine shrimp ndi tubule yodulidwa.
Kusamalitsa
M'madzi okhala ndi ma piranha oyendetsedwa bwino komanso odyetsedwa bwino, mutha kugwira ntchito ndi manja anu, koma ndikofunikira kuti pasakhale zilonda kapena zotuluka magazi pakhungu.
Pochita zinthu zomwe zikuchitika, ndizoletsedwa kutsogolera gulu la ma piranhas pakona kapena malo opapatiza, popeza izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa nsomba. Piranhas amakhala owopsa kwambiri panthawi yopuma, chifukwa chake ntchito ku aquarium kapena malo obzala iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde apadera osalala.
Malangizo posankha mtundu
Mukamasankha zosiyanasiyana, muyenera kukumbukira zina ndi zina, komanso kuthekera kopereka chisamaliro chabwino kuzinyanja zam'madzi. Mileus wofiira kapena Mileus-luna ndi m'modzi mwa oimira okongola kwambiri pagulu lodziwika bwino la piranha... Mitunduyi imakhala yosasamala pa chisamaliro ndi kukula, chifukwa chake ndiyabwino kwambiri kwa osadziwa zambiri zamadzi.
Paci wofiira wofulumira amathanso kuchita bwino ndi chakudya chomera, koma piranha imangofunika chakudya chamoyo chokha. Mitunduyi siyabwino kwenikweni kwa iwo omwe angoyamba kumene kudziwa zaulimi wa nsomba za ku aquarium. Piranha wochezeka kwambiri komanso wamanyazi pang'ono amawerengedwa kuti ndi Metinnis wamba kapena nsomba zowonera.
Ma aquarists a Novice amalangizidwa kuti agule kakang'ono kapena mbendera piranha, zomwe zimalekerera zolakwika mosamalitsa, ndipo pokonza bwino, sizimawonetsa nkhanza. Ndikudziwa zambiri, mutha kuganizira zopeza piranha yocheperako.
Gulani piranha - malangizo ndi zidule
Mukamagula zosowa, muyenera kumvera zomwe zili m'ndende panthawi yogulitsa... Nsombazo ziyenera kusungidwa m'madzi oyera, mogwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka kudyetsa, chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigule katundu wamoyo pongodzijambula. Nthawi zambiri sikutheka kuyesa kuwunika thanzi la chiweto pobweretsa ndi mthenga.
Zofunika!Nsomba zathanzi zimasiyana machitidwe ndi mawonekedwe. Ma piranhas odwala amangokhala kapena amalephera kuyenda bwino. Alibe chilakolako chofuna kudya. Thupi la nsomba yathanzi siliyenera kukhala ndi zotupa, zilonda zam'mimba kapena zotupa zosasinthasintha, komanso zokutira kapena mitambo.
Pambuyo pogula, ngakhale nsomba zomwe sizisonyeza kuti zili ndi matenda ziyenera kuikidwa m'malo osungira anthu. Pakadutsa pafupifupi sabata limodzi, anthu athanzi amaikidwa m'malo osungiramo nsomba kosatha.
Muyenera kugula nyama yachilendo kuchokera kumadzi odalirika kapena m'masitolo okhazikika pakubzala nsomba zam'madzi. Mtengo wa munthu m'modzi zimatengera mitundu ndi zaka, koma nthawi zambiri zimasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku theka ndi theka mpaka ma ruble zikwi zitatu. Mtengo wa zitsanzo zazing'ono nthawi zina umafika ma ruble masauzande angapo pa wachinyamata aliyense.
