Kuti tidziwe moyenerera dzina la "Njoka Yaikulu Kwambiri", ndikofunikira kudabwitsa ma herpetologists ndi kuphatikiza kwa magawo awiri ofunikira - kulemera kolimba komanso kutalika kwa thupi loterera. Tiyeni tikambirane zokwawa zazikulu kwambiri pamwamba 10.
Nsomba yotulutsidwa
Imadziwika kuti ndi njoka yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi, yomwe imakhala makamaka ku South ndi Southeast Asia... Wolemba ntchitoyo "Njoka zazikuluzikulu ndi abuluzi owopsa", wofufuza wotchuka waku Sweden a Ralph Blomberg adalongosola chithunzi chomwe chili ndi kutalika kwakanthawi kosakwana 10 mita.
Ali mu ukapolo, nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri yamtunduwu, wamkazi wotchedwa Samantha (wochokera ku Borneo), wakula mpaka 7.5 m, modabwitsa ndi kukula kwake kwa alendo ku New York Bronx Zoo. Anamwaliranso komweko mu 2002.
M'malo awo achilengedwe, mimbulu yomwe imalembedwa patali imakula mpaka mita 8 kapena kupitilira apo. Mwa izi amathandizidwa ndi mndandanda wamitundu yosiyanasiyana wokhala ndi zinyama monga anyani, mbalame, ma ungulates ang'onoang'ono, zokwawa, makoswe ndi ma civets odyetsa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nthawi zina amaphatikiza mileme pazosankha zake, kuwagwira akuthawa, komwe amamatira ndi mchira wake mbali zina za makoma ndi chipinda cha phanga.
Pakudya, nsato zimapitanso kukasunga ziweto zawo: agalu, mbalame, mbuzi ndi nkhumba. Chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi ana a mbuzi ndi ana a nkhumba olemera makilogalamu 10-15, ngakhale kuli koyambirira kwa mayamwidwe a nkhumba zolemera makilogalamu oposa 60.
Anaconda
Njoka iyi (lat .unectes murinus) yochokera kubanja laling'ono la boas ili ndi mayina ambiri: anaconda wamba, anaconda wamkulu ndi anaconda wobiriwira. Koma nthawi zambiri amatchedwa wakale - madzi boa, atapatsidwa chidwi chamadzi... Nyamayo imakonda mitsinje yodekha, nyanja ndi mitsinje m'mitsinje ya Orinoco ndi Amazon yokhala ndi mafunde ofooka.
Anaconda amadziwika kuti ndi njoka yochititsa chidwi kwambiri padziko lapansi, kutsimikizira izi ndi mfundo yodziwika bwino: ku Venezuela, adagwira cholengedwa chokwawa 5.21 m kutalika (chopanda mchira) ndikulemera makilogalamu 97.5. Mwa njira, anali wamkazi. Amuna am'madzi a boa samayesa kuti ndi akatswiri.
Ngakhale kuti njokayo imakhala m'madzi, nsombayo sikupezeka pamndandanda wazakudya zomwe amakonda. Nthawi zambiri, boa constrictor amasaka mbalame zam'madzi, ma caimans, capybaras, iguana, agouti, peccaries, komanso nyama zina zazing'ono / zapakatikati komanso zokwawa.
Anaconda samanyoza abuluzi, akamba ndi njoka. Pali nkhani yodziwika pomwe boa yamadzi idazinyolitsa ndikumeza nsato 2.5 mita kutalika.
Mfumu Cobra
Wodya njoka (ophiophagus hannah) amatanthauziridwa kuchokera ku dzina lachilatini lomwe adapatsidwa kwa njoka ndi asayansi omwe adazindikira kuti amakonda kudya njoka zina, kuphatikiza zoyipa kwambiri.
Chokwawa chachikulu kwambiri chakupha chili ndi dzina lina - hamadryad... Zilombozi, zomwe zimakula m'moyo wawo wonse (zaka 30), zili ndi nkhalango zamvula ku India, Indonesia, Pakistan ndi Philippines.
Njoka yayitali kwambiri pamtunduwu idagwidwa mu 1937 ku Malaysia ndikupita nayo ku London Zoo. Apa adayesedwa, kujambula kutalika kwa 5.71 m, zolembedwa. Amanena kuti mitundu yodziwika bwino imakwawa m'chilengedwe, ngakhale njoka zazikulu zambiri zimakwana mkati mwa kutalika kwa mita 3-4.
Kuyamikiridwa ndi mphiri yachifumu, ziyenera kudziwika kuti sizowopsa kwambiri, komanso, ndizodekha: munthu ayenera kukhala pamlingo wamaso, osasuntha mwadzidzidzi, kuti apirire kuyang'anitsitsa kwake. Amati patadutsa mphindi zochepa, mamba amachoka pamalo amsonkhano mosayembekezereka.
Chingwe cha Hieroglyph
Imodzi mwa njoka zinayi zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, Kuwonetsa nthawi zina kulemera kwabwino (pafupifupi 100 kg) ndi kutalika (6 m).
Avereji ya anthu opitilira 4 m 80 cm samakula ndipo osadabanso kulemera kwawo, kuchokera pa 44 mpaka 55 makilogalamu atakhwima.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuonda kwa thupi kumalumikizidwa modabwitsa ndi kukula kwake, komwe, komabe, sikulepheretsa chokwawa kuti chikwere mumitengo ndikusambira bwino usiku.
Mitengo ya Hieroglyph (thanthwe) imakhala m'misasa, m'nkhalango zotentha za ku Africa.
Monga mimbulu yonse, imatha kufa ndi njala kwa nthawi yayitali. Amakhala m'ndende mpaka zaka 25. Chokwawa sichiri chakupha, koma chikuwonetsa kupsa mtima kosalamulirika komwe kuli kowopsa kwa anthu. Mu 2002, mwana wazaka khumi waku South Africa adagwidwa ndi nsato, yomwe idangomezedwa ndi njoka.
Ziwombankhanga za miyala sizizengereza kulimbana ndi akambuku, ng'ona za mumtsinje wa Nile, nkhumba za nsagwada ndi mphalapala zakuda. Koma chakudya chachikulu cha njoka ndi makoswe, zokwawa ndi mbalame.
Nsomba yakuda
Mwa mitundu yopanda poyizoniyi, akazi amakhala osangalatsa kuposa amuna. Kawirikawiri reptile sichidutsa ma 3.7 mita, ngakhale anthu ena amatambasula mpaka 5 kapena kupitilira apo.
Malo okhala nyama ndi East India, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Cambodia, kumwera kwa China kuyambira pafupifupi. Hainan, Indochina. Tithokoze anthu, nsato yakuda yakuda idalowa Florida (USA).
Kukula kwake kumasiyanitsidwa ndi nsato yakuda yomwe idakhala kalekale ku America park safari park (Illinois). Kutalika kwa ndege iyi yotchedwa Baby kunali 5.74 m.
Kambuku wakuda wakuda amadya mbalame ndi nyama... Imagunda anyani, ankhandwe, nkhandwe, nkhunda, mbalame zam'madzi, abuluzi akulu (Bengal monitor abuluzi), komanso mbewa, kuphatikizapo nungu.
Ziweto ndi nkhuku nthawi zambiri zimakhala patebulo la nsato: zokwawa zazikulu zimapha ndi kudya nkhumba zazing'ono, nswala ndi mbuzi.
Nsato yaying'ono yopepuka
Nkhumba za python subspecies... Amatchedwanso Indian python, ndipo m'Chilatini amatchedwa python molurus molurus. Imasiyana ndi mtundu wake wapafupi wa python molurus bivittatus (mdima wonyezimira). Chifukwa chake, nsato zazikulu kwambiri zaku India sizimapitilira mita zisanu. Pali zizindikiro zina za njoka iyi:
- mabala owala pakati pa mawanga omwe amakongoletsa mbali zamthupi;
- pinki kapena utoto wofiira wa mikwingwirima yoyenda ikuthamangira mbali yamutu;
- kuzimiririka (mbali yake yakutsogolo) pamizere wooneka ngati daimondi pamutu;
- opepuka (poyerekeza ndi nsato yakuda) yokhala ndi matani ofiira, achikasu-ofiira, ofiira-ofiira komanso otuwa.
Kanyama kameneka kamapezeka m'nkhalango za India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan ndi Bhutan.
Chitsamba cha Amethyst
Woimira ufumu wa njoka amatetezedwa ndi malamulo aku Australia. Njoka yayikulu kwambiri mdziko la Australia, yomwe imaphatikizapo nsato ya amethyst, imatha kufika pafupifupi 8.5 mita ikakula ndipo imadya mpaka makilogalamu 30.
Pafupifupi, kukula kwa njoka sikudutsa masentimita 3 50. Pakati pa abale ake, mimbulu, imadziwika ndi zigawenga zazikuluzikulu zomwe zili kumtunda kwa mutu.
Katswiri wa njoka amvetsetsa kuti patsogolo pake pali nsato ya ametusito mwa mtundu wachilendo wa masikelo:
- amalamulira bulauni kapena wachikasu mtundu wa azitona, wophatikizidwa ndi utoto wowoneka bwino;
- amadziwika bwino mikwingwirima yakuda / bulauni kudutsa thunthu;
- mawonekedwe apadera opangidwa ndi mizere yakuda ndi mipata yaying'ono imawonekera kumbuyo.
Chokwawa ichi cha ku Australia chikuwonetsa chidwi chodyera mbalame zazing'ono, abuluzi ndi nyama zazing'ono. Njoka zamanyazi kwambiri zimasankha nyama zawo pakati pa ma kangaroo a m'tchire ndi msuwani.
Ndizosangalatsa! Anthu aku Australia (makamaka omwe amakhala kunja kwa mudzi) amadziwa kuti nsatoyo sazengereza kuukira ziweto: njoka yomwe ili kutali imamva kutentha komwe kumachokera ku nyama zamagazi.
Pofuna kuteteza zamoyo zawo ku nsato ya ametusito, anthu am'mudzimo amawaika m'nyumba zosungiramo nyama. Chifukwa chake, ku Australia, sikuti mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, nkhuku ndi akalulu, komanso agalu ndi amphaka amakhala m'makola.
Boa wokhazikika
Amadziwika kuti Boa constrictor ndipo tsopano ali ndi ma subspecies 10, osiyana mitundu, omwe amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi malo okhala... Mtundu wa thupi umathandizira boa constrictor kudzibisa kuti azitsogolera moyo wokha, kubisala kuti asayang'anenso.
Ali mu ukapolo, kutalika kwa njoka yopanda ziwombankhangoyi kumakhala pakati pa 2 mpaka 3 mita, kuthengo - pafupifupi kawiri kutalika, mpaka 5 ndi theka mita. Avereji ya kulemera - 22-25 makilogalamu.
Boa constrictor amakhala ku Central ndi South America, komanso ma Lesser Antilles, kufunafuna malo owuma pafupi ndi matupi amadzi kuti apange chitukuko.
Zakudya za boa constrictor ndizosavuta - mbalame, nyama zazing'ono, nthawi zambiri zokwawa. Kupha nyama, boa constrictor amagwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yokhudzana ndi chifuwa cha wozunzidwayo, ndikufinya mu gawo lotulutsa mpweya.
Ndizosangalatsa! Boa constrictor imadziwika mosavuta mu ukapolo, chifukwa chake imakonda kuwetedwa kumalo osungira nyama ndi malo ogwirira ntchito kunyumba. Kulumidwa ndi njoka sikuopseza munthu.
Wosamalira Zamalonda
Lachesis muta kapena surukuku - njoka yayikulu kwambiri ku South America kuchokera kubanja la njokaakukhala zaka 20.
Kutalika kwake kumakhala pakati pa 2.5-3 m (ndikulemera kwa 3-5 makilogalamu), ndipo zitsanzo zochepa chabe zimakula mpaka mamitala 4. Woyang'anira nkhalango amakhala ndi mano owopsa kwambiri okula kuyambira 2.5 mpaka 4 cm.
Njokayo imakonda kukhala yokhayokha ndipo ndiyosowa kwenikweni, chifukwa imasankha malo opanda anthu pachilumba cha Trinidad, komanso madera otentha aku South ndi Central America.
Zofunika! Anthu akuyenera kuopa oyang'anira tchire, ngakhale atafa pang'ono chifukwa cha poyizoni - 10-12%.
Zochitika usiku ndi mawonekedwe a surukuku - amadikirira nyama, atagona pansi osagwedezeka pakati pa masamba. Kusachita sikumusokoneza: amatha kudikirira milungu ingapo kuti atengeke - mbalame, buluzi, mbewa kapena ... njoka ina.
Black Mamba
Dendroaspis polylepis ndi mphalapala woopsa wa ku Africa wobadwira ku nkhalango / savanna kummawa, kumwera ndi pakati pa kontrakitala. Amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi, nthawi zina akukwawa (kutentha) pamtengo ndi tchire.
Zimavomerezedwa kuti m'chilengedwe njoka yayikulu imakula mpaka 4.5 mita ndikulemera kwa 3 kg. Zizindikiro zapakati ndizotsika pang'ono - kutalika ndi 3 mita ndikulemera kwa 2 kg.
Poyambira kubadwa kwake kuchokera kubanja la asp, mamba yakuda imaonekera ndi mano atali kwambiri a poizoni (22-23 mm)... Mano amenewa amamuthandiza kuti alowetse bwino poizoni yemwe amapha ziwombankhanga za njovu, mileme, ma hyrax, makoswe, milalang'amba, komanso njoka zina, abuluzi, mbalame ndi chiswe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Njoka yowopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi imakonda kusaka masana, ikuluma nyama zingapo kangapo mpaka itazizira. Kugaya kumatenga nthawi yoposa tsiku limodzi.
