Gwirizanani, sizosangalatsa ngati mukuwoneka ngati cholengedwa chopanda nzeru chomwe chimachita ziweto mothandizidwa ndi zikhumbo zosamveka. Momwemonso, mbiri yotereyi idakhazikika kwa mbewa yaying'ono yakumpoto, lemming, yemwe dzina lake lidadzakhala dzina lanyumba chifukwa chabodza.
Nthano
Akufotokoza kuti kamodzi zaka zingapo ziphuphu zimathamangira, kutengeka ndi chibadwa chosadziwika, kukagwa kumapiri ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti modzifunira atuluke ndi moyo wawo wodana nawo.
Opanga zolembedwazo "White Wasteland", zoperekedwa kwa nyama zaku Canada, adathandizira kwambiri pakufalitsa kwa izi.... Opanga makanema amagwiritsa ntchito tsache kuti ayendetse gulu la mandimu omwe adagulidwa kale m'madzi amtsinje, ndikupha anthu ambiri. Ndipo omvera a kanemayo adatenga mawonekedwewo pamtengo.
Komabe, opanga makanema, mwina, nawonso adasokeretsedwa ndi nkhani zosadalirika zodzipha mwaufulu, zomwe mwanjira inayake zidathandizira kufotokoza kuchepa kwamalamulo.
Akatswiri amakono a zamoyo apeza chodabwitsa chakuchepa kwadzidzidzi kwa kuchuluka kwa mandimu, komwe sikuchitika chaka chilichonse.
Pamene achibale awa a hamster alibe chakudya, amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. Ana omwe amabadwa amafunanso kudya, ndipo posakhalitsa chakudya chocheperako chimachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mandimu apite kukafunafuna zomera zatsopano.
Izi zimachitika kuti njira yawo imadutsa osati pamtunda wokha: nthawi zambiri madzi akumpoto am'madzi ndi nyanja amafalikira patsogolo pa nyama. Lemmings amatha kusambira, koma sangathe nthawi zonse kuwerengera mphamvu zawo ndikufa. Chithunzi choterechi, chomwe chinawonedwa pakusunthika kwakukulu kwa nyama, chinali maziko a nthano yonena za kudzipha kwawo.
Kuchokera ku banja la hamsters
Nyama zakummwambazi ndi abale apafupi a anyalugwe ndi ma voles. Mtundu wa mandimu samasiyana mosiyanasiyana: nthawi zambiri umakhala wofiirira kapena wosiyanasiyana, womwe umasanduka woyera kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira.
Ziphuphu zazing'ono (zolemera 20 mpaka 70 g) sizikula kupitirira 10-15 masentimita ndikuwonjezera masentimita angapo pamchira. Pofika nthawi yozizira, zikhadabo za miyendo yakutsogolo zimakulira, ndikusandulika ziboda kapena zamapiko. Zikhomera zosinthidwa zimathandiza kuti mandimu asalowe m'chipale chofewa ndikuchiwononga posaka moss.
Mtunduwu umakhudza zilumba za m'nyanja ya Arctic, komanso tundra / nkhalango-tundra za Eurasia ndi North America. Ziphuphu zaku Russia zimapezeka ku Chukotka, Far East ndi Kola Peninsula.
Ndizosangalatsa! Makoswe amakhala ndi moyo wokangalika, osatengera nthawi yozizira. Nthawi imeneyi ya chaka, nthawi zambiri amapanga zisa pansi pa chipale chofewa, ndikudya mizu ya zomera.
M'nyengo yotentha, mandimu amakhala m'mabowola, pomwe pamakhala njira zingapo zokhotakhota.
Zizolowezi
Mbalame yakumpoto imakonda kusungulumwa, nthawi zambiri kumenya nkhondo yolimbana ndi mandimu omwe amalowerera mdera lake.
Mitundu ina ya ndimu (mwachitsanzo, nkhalango zotsekera m'nkhalango) zimabisala miyoyo yawo kuti isayang'anitsidwe ndi maso, ndikukwawa usiku.
Ziwonetsero za chisamaliro cha makolo ndizachilendo kwa iye: atangogonana, amuna amasiya akazi kuti athetse njala yawo yanthawi zonse.
Ngakhale kukula kwawo kopanda tanthauzo, kuwopsa kwa mawonekedwe a munthu kumalandiridwa molimba mtima - amatha kudumpha ndikuwombera mluzu, akudzuka ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, kapena, mwina, amakhala pansi ndikuwopseza wobisalira, akugwedeza miyendo yawo yakutsogolo ngati wankhonya.
Poyesa kukhudza, amawonetsa kukwiya poluma dzanja lotambasulidwa... Koma njira zamphamvu "zowopsa" izi sizingathe kuopseza adani achilengedwe a lemming: pali chipulumutso chimodzi chokha kuchokera kwa iwo - kuthawa.
Chakudya
Zakudya zonse zopangidwa ndi mandimu zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzakudya zopangira monga:
- utoto wobiriwira;
- dzinthu;
- zimayambira ndi zipatso za blueberries, lingonberries, blueberries ndi cloudberries;
- birch ndi nthambi za msondodzi;
- sedge;
- zitsamba zambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kuti tikhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira, ndimu imafunika kudya chakudya chowirikiza kawiri kuposa kulemera kwake. Kwa chaka chimodzi, mbewa yayikulu imamwa pafupifupi 50 kg yaudzu: sizosadabwitsa kuti tundra, pomwe pamakhala phwando lamiyala, imayamba kuwoneka.
Moyo wa chinyama umakhala ndi chizolowezi chokhazikika, pomwe ola lililonse la nkhomaliro limatsatiridwa ndi maola awiri ogona ndikupumula, nthawi zina amalowetsedwa ndi kugonana, kuyenda komanso kusaka chakudya.
Kuperewera kwa chakudya kumawononga psyche ya mandimu... Samanyoza zomera zapoizoni ndikuyesera kusaka nyama zazikulu kuposa izo.
Kuperewera kwa chakudya ndiye chifukwa chosunthira makoswe patali kwambiri.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mandimu
M'dera ladziko lathu, mitundu 5 mpaka 7 yajambulidwa (malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana), yosiyanitsidwa ndi malo awo, omwe, amatsimikizira momwe nyama zimakhalira ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Amur lemming
Sichikula kuposa masentimita 12... Mbewa iyi imadziwika ndi mchira wake, wofanana ndi kutalika kwa phazi lakumbuyo, ndi zidendene zaubweya wa mapazi. M'nyengo yotentha, thupi limakhala lofiirira, limasungunuka ndi mawanga ofiira pamasaya, pansi pamunsi pa mphuno, mbali ndi pamimba. Mzere wakuda umawonekera kuchokera pamwamba, womwe umakhuthala kwambiri pamutu komanso ukadutsa kumbuyo.
M'nyengo yozizira, mzerewu umakhala wosaoneka, ndipo chovalacho chimakhala chofewa komanso chotalikirapo, chimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira wofiirira wopanda kutuwa ndi imvi. Mitengo ina ya Amur imakhala ndi zoyera zoyera pachibwano komanso pafupi ndi milomo.
Lemming Vinogradov
Mtundu uwu (mpaka 17 cm kutalika) umakhala m'malo otseguka pazilumba... Nyama zimasunga chakudya chamitengo yambiri, posankha kudya udzu ndi zitsamba.
Maenje obowoleza ndi odabwitsa kwambiri ndipo amafanana ndi mizinda yaying'ono. Mwa iwo, akazi amabala ana 5-6 kuyambira 2 mpaka 3 pachaka.
Lemming ya ziboda
Okhala m'malo otentha kwambiri ochokera kum'mawa kwa Nyanja Yoyera mpaka ku Bering Strait, kuphatikiza Novaya ndi Severnaya Zemlya. Ndodo iyi ndi ya 11 mpaka 14 cm kutalika amapezeka kumene moss, ma birches obiriwira ndi misondodzi imakula, m'malo athithi komanso mumiyala yamiyala.
Lili ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha zikhadabo ziwiri zapakati pa miyendo yakutsogolo, zomwe zimawoneka ngati mphanda mu chisanu.
M'nyengo yotentha, nyamayo imakhala yaimvi phulusa ndipo pamizere pake pamakhala dzimbiri. Pamimba chovalacho ndichimvi chakuda, kumbuyo kuli mzere wakuda wakuda, pakhosi pali "mphete" yowala. Pofika nthawi yozizira, mtundu wa ubweya umatha kuzimiririka.
Amadya birch ndi masamba a msondodzi / mphukira, magawo amlengalenga / mabulosi abulu ndi mitambo yamtambo. Amakonda kusunga chakudya m'makonde pomwe ndimu zimakonda kukhala nthawi yonse yotentha. Makanda (5-6) amawonekera pano katatu pachaka.
Kusamutsa othandizira ma leptospirosis ndi tularemia.
Kutulutsa nkhalango
Ndodo yakuda yakuda yolemera mpaka 45 g yokhala ndi bala lofiirira kumbuyo... Amakhala m'nkhalango yochokera ku Scandinavia kupita ku Kamchatka ndi Mongolia (kumpoto), komanso ku North North. Amasankha nkhalango (zotumphukira komanso zosakanikirana) pomwe ubweya wamaluwa umakula mochuluka.
Zipatso zamtchire zimapereka malita atatu pachaka, iliyonse imabereka ana 4 mpaka 6.
Amawonedwa ngati chonyamulira chachilengedwe cha tularemia bacillus.
Lemming yaku Norway
Wamkulu amakula mpaka 15 cm... Mumakhala mapiri tundra a Kola Peninsula ndi Scandinavia. Kusamuka, kumapita mu taiga ndi nkhalango-tundra.
Chofunikira kwambiri pazakudya chimapangidwa ndi ma moss obiriwira, chimanga, mbewa ndi sedge, osasiya lingonberries ndi mabulosi abulu.
Ndi utoto wamoto, ndipo mzere wakuda wowala umakokedwa kumbuyo kwofiirira wachikaso. Waulesi wokumba maenje, amafunafuna malo achitetezo achilengedwe, komwe amabala ana ambiri: mpaka ana 7 m'ngalande imodzi. M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, lemming yachikazi yaku Norway imatulutsa malita anayi.
Lemming waku Siberia
Poyerekeza ndi zitsamba zina zapakhomo, zimadziwika kuti ndizobereketsa kwambiri: mkazi amakhala ndi malita 5 pachaka, momwe amaberekera ana 2 mpaka 13.
Kumakhala madera akuluakulu aku Russia kuchokera kumpoto kwa Dvina kumadzulo mpaka kum'mawa kwa Kolyma, komanso zilumba zosankhidwa za Nyanja ya Arctic.
Ndi kulemera kwa 45 mpaka 130 g, chinyama chimatambasula mpaka masentimita 14-16... M'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe, imakhala yofanana - mumayendedwe ofiira achikaso ndi mzere wakuda womwe umayenda kumbuyo.
Zakudyazo zimaphatikizira mosses wobiriwira, sedges, tundra zitsamba. Monga lamulo, limakhala pansi pa chisanu m'misasa yomwe imawoneka ngati mipira, yopangidwa ndi zimayambira ndi masamba.
Ndi chonyamulira cha pseudotuberculosis, tularemia ndi hemorrhagic fever.
Chida chazachikhalidwe
M'nyengo yozizira, mitundu ina ya ndulu imaponda pakhosi chikhumbo chawo chokhala okha ndikukakamira limodzi. Akazi omwe ali ndi ana amamangidwa kudera linalake, ndipo amuna amayenda m'nkhalango ndi tundra posaka zomera zoyenera.
Ngati pali chakudya chochuluka ndipo kulibe chisanu choopsa, kuchuluka kwa ndimu kumakula ndikulima, kuchulukana ngakhale pansi pa chipale chofewa ndikusangalatsa nyama zomwe zimasaka makoswe akumpoto awa.
The lemmings kwambiri amabadwa, m'pamenenso wokhutira moyo wa Arctic nkhandwe, ermine ndi woyera kadzidzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngati makoswe akusowa, kadzidzi samayesa ngakhale kuyikira mazira, podziwa kuti sangathe kudyetsa anapiye ake. Kuchepa kwa mandimu kumakakamiza nkhandwe ku Arctic kuti zichoke kukafunafuna nyama kuchokera kumtunda mpaka ku taiga.
Makoswe osagwira chisanu amakhala zaka 1 mpaka 2.
Kubereka
Nthawi yayitali yamoyo imalimbikitsa kuberekana kowonjezeka komanso kubereka koyambirira kwa ma lemmings.
Amayi amalowa mu gawo loberekera ali ndi miyezi iwiri yokha, ndipo amuna amatha kukhala ndi umuna akangofika masabata 6. Gestation imatha masabata atatu ndipo imatha ndi 4-6 timbewu tating'ono. Kuchuluka kwa zinyalala pachaka ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Mphamvu zakubereka za makoswe akumpoto sizidalira nyengo - zimaswana modekha pansi pa chipale chofewa kwambiri chisanu chowawa kwambiri. Pansi pachikuto cha chipale chofewa, nyama zimamanga chisa, ndikuchikuta ndi masamba ndi udzu.
Ndi mmenemo pomwe m'badwo watsopano wa mandimu umabadwa.
