Lachisanu pa 13, amphaka akuda ochokera ku American French Lick Springs (Indiana) akuyenda mozungulira ndi mabelu ang'ono m'khosi. Lamuloli lakhazikitsidwa m'malamulo, omwe amateteza okhulupirira malodza m'tawuniyi kuti asakumane mwangozi ndi nyama zakufa.
Zaka zapakatikati
"Zinyama zachikunja zomwe zimakonza chiwembu ndi mdierekezi," a Innocent VIII, omwe adatsogolera Tchalitchi cha Katolika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1400, adatcha amphakawo.
Panalibe osaka kuti azikangana ndi Papa wa Roma, ndipo pamodzi ndi amayi mazana omwe akuimbidwa mlandu waufiti, adayamba kutumiza amphaka a tsitsi lakuda kumoto. Ziwopsezo zonse zamphaka zidachitika malinga ndi ndandanda, masiku osasunthika.
Anthu amakhulupirira mosavomerezeka kuti amphaka akuda samatha kufa, Akukhulupirira kuti pansi pa chinyengo chawo ma feline mistresses, mfiti nthawi zambiri zimabisika.
Moto waukulu unawotchedwa ku Europe konse. Pakati pa zaka za zana la 14, mliri wa bubonic unapha anthu mamiliyoni 60, ambiri mwa iwo omwe akanapulumuka ngati sanaphe amphaka ambiri - omenyera nkhondo ndi makoswe omwe adanyamula ndodoyo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Katundu wa "ziwanda" wa felines awathandiziranso ntchito yachiwiri yoyipa: anthu wamba adayamba kuigwiritsa ntchito pamiyambo yambiri yamatsenga.
Adakopeka ndi nyama ya amphaka ndikuyesera kuthana ndi matenda osachiritsika. Apatsitsi anasakaniza mankhwala awo ndi magazi amphaka, mkodzo, ndi mafuta.
Anthu aku Europe adamanga amphaka amoyo pamakoma anyumba zawo, osakayikira kuti angathandize kuopseza mizimu yoyipa, matenda ndi zovuta zina.
Charles Woyamba
Mphekesera zikuti mfumu yaku England iyi, yomwe idalamulira m'zaka za zana la 17th, idakondana kwambiri ndi mphaka wake wakuda. Anali wotsimikiza kwathunthu kuti zomwe amakonda zimamupatsa chisangalalo, ndipo adakakamiza alonda kuti amuyang'anire mwamphamvu.
Tsoka, nthawi idakwana, ndipo mphaka adamwalira. Wolamulira wosatonthozayo adanenetsa kuti mwayi wake wamusiya, ndipo akunena zowona. Charles anataya nkhondo yapachiweniweni, adagwidwa, kuweruzidwa ndi nyumba yamalamulo ndikuphedwa: pa Januware 30, 1649, adadulidwa mutu.
Amphaka ku Russia
Mfiti ndi mfiti zaku Russia nthawi zambiri zimalandira amphaka akuda ndi cholinga makamaka cha zamatsenga - kuwopseza kapena kuwawononga.
Aliyense amene amasunga amphaka akuda m'nyumba zawo amawatulutsa pakhomo pomwe nyengo yoipa idayamba, kuti asabweretse bingu kunyumba.
Ngati mphaka wakuda wina adathamangira m'nyumba yosauka, amaphedwa kuti apewe mavuto amtsogolo. Nyamayo ikaluma kapena kukanda mwanayo, inkapita naye kukachisi mwachangu kuti akathetse temberero.
Fupa la mphaka wakuda lidasewera ngati chithumwa choteteza ku diso loyipa komanso ziwanda, Komanso adakhala gawo la mankhwala achikondi. Mafupa a nyama yomwe inagwidwa pakati pausiku pa 13 inali yabwino kwa iye.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'midzi yakutali, kuti achulukitse zokolola, ankapereka nsembe zoopsa, ndikubisa zamoyo ziwiri pansi: mphaka wakuda ndi mtsikana wamaliseche.
Zizindikiro zaku Russia
Palibe amene adzanene tsopano kuyambira mchaka chiti ku Russia adayamba kuchita mantha kukumana ndi amphaka akuda. Koma kumwamba kumadziwa pomwe chizindikirocho chidawoneka chokhazikika m'malingaliro, kukhala ndi moyo mpaka nthawi zowunikirazo.
Musanachite mantha mukakumana ndi mphaka wakuda, yang'anirani komwe adasunthira: ngati "pachifuwa" (pachofundira pazovala) - khalani tcheru, apo ayi - musaganize zofunikira.
Pali njira zitatu zochotsera uthenga wolakwika womwe umachokera ku mphaka womwe umayenda "pachifuwa":
- pitani mozungulira nyamayo posankha njira ina;
- kulavulira (katatu) paphewa lakumanzere ndikupitabe patsogolo, ndikupotoza mkuyu m'thumba lanu kapena mutagwira batani;
- dikirani munthu yemwe ndi woyamba kudutsa msewu "wowonongeka".
M'midzi, mphaka wakuda ndi mphaka zidathandiza eni nyumba kukhazikika munyumba yatsopano: adayambitsidwa pamenepo usiku wachiwiri, ndikupatsa woyamba tambala wakuda ndi nkhuku.
Mafashoni ndi amphaka
M'zaka za zana la 19, anthu aku Russia adachita ndi amphaka akuda kwambiri kuposa Khothi Lalikulu la Malamulo, ndikuwapha chifukwa chogulitsa zikopa, zomwe zidagulidwa zochulukirapo ndi amalonda aku China. Ku China, zipewa zaubweya zomwe zinali zapamwamba ndiye zidasokedwa kwa iwo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Achi China adapereka mtengo wokwera kwambiri wa ubweya wa amphaka akuda akuda: nthawi 2-3 kuposa mtengo wazikopa zamtundu wina.
Chifukwa chomwe adawonongera ziphuphu zam'mizinda m'malo mosaka nkhalango ndi amphaka amphaka sizikumveka: awiri omalizawa ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso matumba akulu.
Kaya zikhale zotani, amphaka adapulumuka chiwembucho, pang'onopang'ono amabala ana amphaka, akuda ngati malasha.
Zizindikiro za oyendetsa sitima
Oyendetsa sitima ali ndi zochitika zawo ndi nyamazi. Amphaka akuda akuyenda kwa inu amadziwika kuti ndi omwe amachititsa mavuto, akuchoka kwa inu - amaneneratu zamwayi.
Mphaka wakuda yemwe ali m'ngalawayo ndi amene amachititsa kuti ulendo ukhale wopambana, ndipo ngati nyama iponyedwa m'madzi, nyanja iyamba kuwomba.
Ngati mphaka alowa m'ngalawa yomangirizidwa padoko, koma patapita kanthawi amasiya, zikutanthauza kuti adzafa ndipo posachedwa amira.
Ndichifukwa chake amalinyero amasunga amphaka mpaka ngalawayo inyamuka, ndipo akazi a anthu oyenda panyanja amasunga nyama zolimbitsa nyumbazo kunyumba, pokhulupirira kuti panthawiyi palibe choipa chomwe chidzawachitikire okhulupirika awo.
Zoipa zoipa
Kuopa amphaka akuda kwafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo tsopano ukwati uliwonse ku United States, kumene murka wa tsitsi lakuda amagwera mwangozi, ndiye kuti ukwatiwo uyenera kutha.
Chikhulupiriro chofananachi chilipo ku Germany. Kukumana ndi mphaka wotero masabata, Ajeremani azikumbukira vekitala ya njira yake: kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere - kupita pamavuto, kuyambira kumanzere kupita kumanja - kupita ku nkhani yabwino.
Anthu okhala mu Ufumu Wakumwamba amakhulupirira kuti amphaka omwe ali ndi ubweya wakuda amatanthauza umphawi ndi njala, komanso amakumana ndi mizimu ya akufa.
Mphaka wakuda amadziwika kuti ndi mthenga wakufa ku Italy: koma pokhapokha atadumphira pabedi la wodwalayo.
Aborigines aku Yorkshire (kumpoto kwa England) amagawa nyama kukhala anzawo komanso adani. Otsirizawa, kuwoloka msewu, akulonjeza zovuta. Ziweto zakuda ndizabwino kwa eni ake.
Mafanizo abwino
Anthu aku Britain apeza matanthauzidwe ambiri abwino.
Nzika zaku UK zimakhulupirira kuti kukhala m'nyumba ya mphaka wakuda kumatsimikizira ukwati wa mwana wamkazi wa mwini wake ndi okonda ambiri ngati mkaziyo watchera.
Chizindikiro chabwino ndi mphaka kuyetsemula pafupi ndi mkwatibwi wachingerezi: chomangira chaukwati chidzakhala cholimba komanso chosangalala.
Ku Midlands, popanda mwana wamphaka wakuda woperekedwa kwa okwatirana kumene, ndizosatheka kukhala ndi ukwati wabwino.
Kumeneko, ku England, akadali otsimikiza kuti mphaka wakuda adakumana kapena kusochera mnyumbamo adzakopeka ndi mwayi.
Ndizosangalatsa! "Mphaka wakuda pakhonde - chuma mnyumba": mwambiwu ndi wa a Scots.
Nzika zaku England, France ndi Bulgaria zidzasangalala kulandira mphaka wakuda ngati mphatso, poganizira kuti ndi ulemu wapadera.
Anthu aku America amakhulupirirabe kuti mphaka wakuda yemwe amabwera pakhomo panu ayenera kuloledwa kulowa, kukumbatirana ndikudyetsedwa. Apo ayi, musayembekezere mwayi.
Ku Portugal, wosauka adadziwika mosavuta pakalibe mphaka wakuda kapena galu kunyumba kwake.
Achijapani amawona amphaka akuda ngati ochiritsa ndi oteteza motsutsana ndi zisonkhezero zoipa, osakayikira kuti zilombo za mchira zimangokopa chisangalalo chokha, komanso akwati.
Anthu okhala ku Latvia adasintha malingaliro awo amphaka akuda, ndikumapezamo zinthu zonyansa, ngakhale zaka mazana angapo zapitazo galu wakuda, tambala ndi mphaka zidapatsa alimi aku Latvia zokolola zabwino komanso zabwino zonse.
A Finns adayamba kutsutsana ndi azungu ambiri: ali ndi mantha osawopa wakuda, koma ... amphaka amvi.
Tsiku lamphaka wakuda
Tsikuli (Novembala 17) lidakhazikitsidwa ndi aku Italiya, kapena m'malo mwawo National Association for the Protection of the Environment and Animals, okhudzidwa ndikusowa ndi kufa kwa amphaka padziko lonse lapansi.
Mamembala a Association awerengera kuti ku Roma kokha, eni ake amataya amphaka akuda 15 zikwi. Sutu iyi siyofunika m'misasa ya ana amasiye, pomwe ana opepuka amatengeredwa modzipereka.
Kuleza mtima kwa omenyera ufulu aku Italiya kunatha mu 2007. Pokhazikitsa tsiku lapadera, aku Italiya adakumbutsa dziko lapansi kuti amphaka akuda okha amakhala opanda mwayi. Nyama sizingagonjetse obscurantism yomwe idakalipobe m'malingaliro a anthu.
