Pafupifupi theka labwino la anthu padziko lapansi pano alibe chidwi ndipo, koposa zonse, ndichisoni chapadera, kwa nyama zofewa, zaulemerero zomwe zidatibweretsera kuchokera kumadera akutali aku South America! Musadabwe ndi kutchuka kwa nyama izi, zomwe zimatha kusintha amphaka zoweta mosavuta. Zowoneka bwino komanso zosangalatsa, zazing'ono kukula, chinchillas zoseketsa zimawoneka ngati gologolo, ngakhale ali ndi makutu ngati kalulu. Iwo ali mu dongosolo la makoswe odyetsa - chinchillas. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu iwiri ya nyamazi - zazifupi komanso zazitali, zomwe zimapangidwira ubweya, m'mafamu, kapena kusungidwa kunyumba ngati ziweto.
Kontinenti yaku South America ndi kwawo kwa chinchilla wonyezimira. Kwenikweni, makoswewa amakonda kukhazikika kumadera akumpoto, omwe ali pamapiri amiyala, otsetsereka, owuma nthawi zonse komanso okwera mpaka mamita zikwi zisanu pamwamba pa nyanja. Ma chinchillas oseketsa amapezeka ku Peru, Argentina, koma ambiri a iwo amakhala ku Bolivia ndi ku America Andes.
Mbiri pang'ono
Pamene sanadziwe chilichonse chokhudza South America, popeza gulu ili silinasanthulidwe kwathunthu, ambiri adayesa kuthana ndi magawo achonde a gawo lino lapansi. Nthawi zambiri anthu aku Spain amapita kunyanja yaku South America. Amakondanso nyengo yakomweko, makamaka zovala zomwe anthu am'deralo amavala. Ogonjetsa ku Spain adakonda ubweya wofunda kwambiri kotero adaganiza zoyesa kusoka zipewa ndi zovala kuchokera ku ubweya wa chinchilla kudziko lakwawo. Anthu a ku Spain adatcha ubweyawo "chinchilla" polemekeza limodzi la mafuko am'deralo "shinshasa". Anthu aku Spain atatumiza mapaundi aubweya kuchokera ku South America kupita ku Europe, chinchilla wakutchire ndi osaka chuma adathetsedweratu mwachangu, ndipo zinawonekeratu kuti posachedwa chinchillas zakutchire zidzatha pankhope ya Dziko Lapansi. Kenako adaganiza zosamutsa nyamayi kuti ikakhale ku Europe, koma owerengeka ndi omwe amadziwa momwe angayisamalire, chifukwa chake nyama zidafa.
Mathias Chapman adakwanitsa kunyamula ma chinchillas amdima kuchokera kumapiri kupita ku North America. Poyamba, amayenera kubereketsa nyama zamtchirezi kunyumba, komabe, Chapman ataganiza zoweta ku United States, monga nyama zokhala ndi ubweya wofunika kwambiri. Mu 1923, msika wa ubweya unali utayamba kale kukula, ndipo Chapman adadziikira cholinga chobweretsa nyama zambiri kuchokera kuthengo momwe mungathere kuti adzalandire ana ambiri. Chapman yemwe anali wopanga migodi yosavuta, adapambana, ndipo adakwanitsa kubereka ana athanzi a chinchillas. Pambuyo pake, ambiri adatsatira chitsanzo cha Matthias, ndipo ku United States adayamba kupanga minda yonse yoberekera chinchillas.
Kufotokozera kwa chinchilla
Ma chinchillas amtundu wautali ndi nyama zazing'ono, sizingafike 38 sentimita m'litali, pomwe mchira wawo ndi wautali masentimita 17, osatinso. Khosi ndi lalifupi, mutu wa nyama ndi wozungulira, makutu ndi atali, okumbutsa makutu a kalulu. Thupi lonse la nyama limakutidwa ndi ubweya wonenepa kwambiri, pomwe mchira wa chinchilla wokha umakhala wokutira pang'ono, koma ubweya wonsewo ndi wofewa komanso wofewa, kuteteza nyamayo masiku ozizira. Achikulire chinchillas samalemera kilogalamu, koma magalamu mazana asanu ndi atatu okha. Nyama iliyonse ili ndi ndevu zazitali, mpaka kufika masentimita khumi, maso ndi akulu, akuda, ndipo ana amaimirira. Zingwe zapadera m'makutu a chinchilla zimathandiza kuteteza mchenga wabwino kulowa mkati.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mafupa a mbewa anapangidwa mwanjira yoti imatha kuchepa nyama ikafuna, Pozindikira ngozi, chinchilla imatha kukwawa mpaka phompho laling'ono kwambiri lomwe lili m'phiri lamiyala. Pali zala zisanu kumiyendo yaying'ono yakutsogolo kwa nyama. Zala 4 zoyambirira zikugwira, chinyama sichimagwiritsa ntchito chala chimodzi chotsalira, koma chimakhala chachikulu kuposa kawiri zala zisanu zoyambirira kapena zinayi. Miyendo yakumbuyo ili kale ndi zala zinayi ndipo ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa yakutsogolo. Chifukwa cha miyendo yakumbuyo, chinchilla imalumpha mtunda wautali kupita kutsogolo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu chinchillas cerebellum imapangidwa bwino, chifukwa chake chinchillas imagwirizana bwino, ndipo nyama zimayenda momasuka komanso mosamala m'miyala yamapiri.
Kutchire, ma chinchillas obiriwira amakhala zaka 18 mpaka 19. Nyama zambiri zimakhala ndi muyezo, mtundu wa phulusa, ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi wamkaka, woyera.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
Chinchilla ndi nyama yofatsa, yachikondi komanso yovuta. Ali mu ukapolo, chinyama ichi nthawi zonse chimachita manyazi komanso kuchita manyazi, kuti mum'pangitse kuti akonde nanu, choyamba mumukonzere nyumba. Kumbukirani kuti chipinda cha nyama yosalala, yoseketsa iyenera kukhala yotakasuka, yopepuka komanso yopumira mpweya wabwino. Kuti muchite izi, ikani mpweya m'nyumba kuti chinchilla nthawi zonse ikhale ndi mpweya wokwanira. Ngati ndi kotheka, mugule khola lapadera la chinyama chomwe chingakwaniritse zosowa zake zonse. Aviary yabwino, youma yokhala ndi mpweya wabwino imapatsa chinchilla wanu moyo wautali, wathanzi, wabwino m'nyumba mwanu.
Mukamagula khola, tsatirani malamulowa.
- Choyambirira, khola siliyenera kukhala lalikulu kwambiri ngati simukufuna kubereka chinchillas zazing'ono, koma muli ndi yamwamuna kapena wamkazi m'modzi yekha. Komabe, ngati cholinga chogula chinchilla ndikubereketsa ndi kubereka ana, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamalira nyali, ndipo koposa zonse, khola lotsika pasadakhale. Zowonadi, kuyambira pomwe adabadwa, ma chinchillas ochepa amakhala achangu kwambiri, amagona pang'ono ndipo amakonda kukwera khola kwambiri, ndipo kuti anawo asavulale mwangozi akakwera ndi kugwa mwangozi, kenako amagwa, sayenera kudzipweteka okha.
- Chachiwiri, ngati mungaganize zogula osagula imodzi, koma ma chinchillas awiri kapena atatu, onetsetsani kuti mwawapatsa ndege yayikulu, yayikulu. Kutalika kwa khola sikuposa masentimita makumi asanu, ndipo kukula kwake 90 ndi 70 kumabwera bwino.
- Chachitatu, aviary iyenera kupangidwa ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi chipinda chimodzi ndi theka mpaka chimodzi ndi theka (pansi pa khola) ndi makoma a 2x2 mbali, kuphatikiza denga. Komanso, ngati kuli kotheka, khalani ndi thireyi yazitsulo mkati mwa khola lanyama (iyi imatha kukhala chitsulo wamba, kapena chitsulo cholimba, cholimba). Fukani utuchi wabwino pogona pano. Ma Chinchillas amasilira kwambiri ukhondo, chifukwa chake sangathe kukhala ndi fungo lamphamvu. Ndikofunika kuti musinthe mabedi ometa sabata iliyonse.
- Chachinayi, mchikwere cha chinchilla chachilendo, timitengo tamatabwa tokwana masentimita 15 tifunika kukhalapo, ndiye kuti nyama zidzagona. Kwa iwo omwe amakonda kupanga zaluso zaluso, atha kupanga makwerero abwino amtengo kapena ngalande ya chiweto chawo chaubweya, kuti nyamazo zikhale ndi chochita ndi komwe zingabisala zikawona mwadzidzidzi ngozi.
- Ndipo chachisanu, mu khola lokonzekereratu la khoswe, ikani chodyera chokha chokha chodyera ndi chakumwa. Ndi bwino kuzilumikiza kukhomo la nyumba ya chinchilla kapena kukhoma lakumaso pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chapadera. Ndibwino kuti m'masiku athu ano, omwa omwe amamwa mwapadera opangidwira chinchillas amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto. Mbale zakumwa zimapangidwa makamaka ndi pulasitiki ndi ndodo. Kutalika kwa womwa mowa ndi masentimita asanu ndi limodzi.
Zakudya ndi zakudya
Chinchillas ndi makoswe odyetsa; amakonda chakudya chilichonse. Maziko azakudya zazing'onozi zokongola ndi mbewu, udzu, zomera, zitsamba, nyemba. Samanyoza tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tizilombo.
Ngati mudadyetsapo akalulu, ndiye kuti sikuyenera kukhala kovuta kuti mudyetse chinchillas, amadya zomwezo. Masitolo ogulitsa ziweto amagulitsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana zapadera za chinchillas. M'chilimwe, makoswe am'nyumba amasangalala ndi zipatso zokoma, zoumba, ma apurikoti ouma, mtedza kapena mtedza. Ngati mkate wouma wagona mozungulira, musathamangire kukapereka, kugwedeza chinchilla, amakonda mapira. Kuonjezera chitetezo cha chinchillas, kuwonjezera barberry, ananyamuka m'chiuno ku zakudya zawo. Ndipo kotero kuti zonse zili bwino ndi ziwalo zodyera nyama izi, kamodzi patsiku chilimwe, sakanizani masamba a dandelion, koma amafota pang'ono, ndi chakudya. Nyemba ndi nyemba zimaperekedwa bwino zouma, chifukwa zosaphika ndizowopsa kwa chinchillas ndipo zimatha kupweteketsa.
Chakudya chachikulu cha mafinya achilendo ndi chinchillas - udzu, wouma kuchokera ku zitsamba zosakaniza. Tumikirani udzu wobiriwira mwatsopano, osanyowa komanso wonunkha udzu.
Kubereka kwa chinchillas
Mukamagula chinchillas achikondi pakuberekana komanso kubereka, kumbukirani kuti kutha msinkhu mwa akazi kumayamba koyambirira kuposa amuna. Amayi amatha kubereka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, pomwe amuna amangofikiranso pakatha miyezi isanu ndi inayi. Kugonana kwazimayi kumatenga mwezi umodzi, estrus - mpaka masiku anayi.
Chinchilla wamkazi amatenga mwana kwa miyezi itatu ndi itatu, ndipakati pa miyezi yomwe nyama imafunikira kudyetsedwa. Gulani chinchilla munthawi imeneyi chakudya chambiri, onjezerani mavitamini pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka ngati nyama ili ndi pakati koyamba.
Chinchillas alibe ana ambiri, 1 kapena 2, nthawi zina 3, koma kawirikawiri. Ndipo pambuyo pathupi, mazirawo akupitilirabe kukula, chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kuti chinchilla yanu iberekenso ana, tengani yamphongoyo ndikumuika osati mu khola limodzi, komanso mumuike m'chipinda china. Ndipo ngati mumalota mwana wathanzi komanso wochuluka wa chinchillas, ndiye kuti wamwamuna ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi mkazi wake, chifukwa, mosiyana ndi makoswe ambiri, chinchillas chachimuna chimamvetsetsa chinchillas chawo.
Chinchillas ndi nyama zosangalatsa kwambiri komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri. Apatseni nthawi yanu yocheperako, muwachitireni moleza mtima kenako kwa zaka zambiri mudzakhala ndi bwenzi lenileni laubweya, wokoma mtima komanso wokonda!
