Anaconda wobiriwira (Eunectes murinus) ndi amtundu woyipa, gulu lokwawa.
Kufalitsa anaconda wobiriwira.
Anaconda wobiriwira amapezeka kumadera otentha ku South America. Amagawidwa mumtsinje wa Orinoco kum'mawa kwa Colombia, m'chigwa cha Amazon ku Brazil, komanso m'madzi osefukira a Llanos - madera a Venezuela. Amakhala ku Paraguay, Ecuador, Argentina, Bolivia. Amapezeka ku Guyana, Guiana, Suriname, Peru ndi Trinidad. Anthu ochepa a anaconda wobiriwira amapezeka ku Florida.
Malo okhala anaconda obiriwira.
Anaconda wobiriwira ndi njoka yam'madzi yomwe imakhala m'madzi ozama, osachedwa kuyenda komanso madambo omwe amakhala pakati pa madambo, madambo ndi nkhalango.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa anaconda wobiriwira.
Anaconda wobiriwira ndi amodzi mwa mitundu inayi yamphamvu, yomwe imasiyana ndi njoka zina pakalibe mafupa a supraorbital padenga la chigaza. Ali ndi khola lakunja lakunja, lomwe ndi zotsalira zamiyendo, zomwe zimadziwika makamaka mwa amuna kuposa akazi.
Anaconda wobiriwira ali ndi lilime lokhala ndi mafoloko, lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito kupeza nyama, magulugufe ake, ndipo limathandiza kuyenda mozungulira zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza ndi chiwalo cha Jacobson.
Mtundu wa anaconda wobiriwira kumtunda nthawi zambiri umakhala wobiriwira wa azitona, womwe amasintha pang'onopang'ono kukhala wonyezimira pakatikati.
Kumbuyo kuli mawanga ozungulira ofiira, okhala ndi malire akuda, adabalalika pakati pathupi. Monga ma Eunectes ena, anaconda wobiriwira amakhala ndi zotupa m'mimba komanso mamba ang'onoang'ono osalala. Kukula kwa mbale zomwe zili kutsogolo kwa thupi lawo ndizokulirapo poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa mbale kumapeto kwenikweni. Khungu la njoka ndilofewa, lotayirira, ndipo limatha kupirira nthawi yayitali m'madzi. Anaconda wobiriwira ali ndi mphuno ndi maso ang'onoang'ono omwe ali pamwamba pamutu. Njokayo imadziwikanso ndi mzere wakuda wakutsogolo wozungulira womwe umayambira kuchokera kumaso kupita pakona ya nsagwada.
Anaconda wobiriwira - amatanthauza njoka zazitali kwambiri padziko lapansi, zotalika mamita 10 mpaka 12 komanso zolemera mpaka 250 kg. Akazi, monga lamulo, amafika pakukula ndi kutalika kuposa amuna, amuna amakhala ndi thupi la 3 mita kutalika, ndipo akazi amakhala opitilira 6 mita. Kugonana kwa anaconda wobiriwira kumatha kutsimikizidwanso ndi kukula kwa spur komwe kumapezeka m'chipinda cha cloaca. Amuna amakhala ndi ma spurs akuluakulu (7.5 millimeters) kuposa akazi, mosatengera kutalika kwake.
Kubalana kwa anaconda wobiriwira.
Anacondas obiriwira amabala pafupifupi zaka 3-4.
Kukhathamira kumachitika nthawi yachilimwe, kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi, ndipo amuna amapeza akazi.
Amuna amatha kugundana wina ndi mnzake, kuyesera kuthana ndi mdani, koma mipikisano yotere ndiyosowa. Akakwatira, mkazi nthawi zambiri amawononga mnzake, popeza samadyetsa panthawiyi mpaka miyezi isanu ndi iwiri. Khalidweli litha kukhala lopindulitsa pobereka ana. Kenako amuna nthawi zambiri amasiya akazi ndi kubwerera kumalo awo. Anacondas obiriwira ndi njoka za ovoviviparous ndipo amaswa mazira kwa miyezi 7. Amayi amaberekera m'madzi osaya kwambiri kumapeto kwa nyengo yamvula. Amanyamula njoka zazing'ono 20 mpaka 82 ndikuswana chaka chilichonse. Anacondas achichepere nthawi yomweyo amakhala odziyimira pawokha. M'chilengedwe chake, mitunduyi imakhala pafupifupi zaka khumi. Ali mu ukapolo kwa zaka zopitilira makumi atatu.
Makhalidwe a anaconda wobiriwira.
Anaconda wobiriwira amatha kusintha mosavuta kusintha kwa chilengedwe. Pansi pa zovuta, njoka zimayikidwa m'matope. Poterepa, amadikirira nthawi yowuma. Anacondas, omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje, amasaka chaka chonse, amakhala achangu m'mawa. Komabe, amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali munthawi yochepa, makamaka nthawi yachilimwe yapachaka komanso nthawi yoswana.
Anacondas obiriwira ali ndi malo odziwika bwino. M'nyengo yadzuwa, malo okhala amakhala ocheperako mpaka 0.25 km2. M'nyengo yamvula, njoka zimalowa m'malo ambiri a 0.35 km2.
Kudya anaconda wobiriwira.
Anacondas obiriwira ndi odyetsa, amapha nyama iliyonse yomwe amatha kumeza. Amadyetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama zakutchire ndi zam'madzi: nsomba, zokwawa, amphibiya, mbalame ndi zinyama. Amagwira nyama zazing'ono, mbalame zazing'ono zolemera magalamu 40-70.
Njoka zazikulu zimawonjezera zakudya zawo pamene zimakula ndikudya nyama yayikulu, yomwe kulemera kwake kumakhala pakati pa 14% mpaka 50% ya kulemera kwake.
Anacondas obiriwira amadya yakan, capybara, agouti, akamba. Njoka zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu pomeza nyama zazikulu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapweteka kapena kufa kumene. Anacondas ena obiriwira amadyanso ndi nyama zakufa zomwe amatola m'madzi. Nthawi zina wamkazi wamkulu wa anaconda wobiriwira amadya wamphongo. Anacondas akulu amatha kusadya kwa sabata limodzi mpaka mwezi, makamaka atadya kwambiri, chifukwa chochepa kagayidwe. Komabe, zazikazi zimadyetsa kwambiri pambuyo pobereka ana. Anacondas obiriwira ndi obisalira mwanjira zosaka. Mitundu yawo imatha kubisa bwino, kuwalola kukhalabe osawoneka, ngakhale pafupi. Anacondas obiriwira amaukira nthawi iliyonse masana, atagwira nyama yawo ndi mano akuthwa, opindika, omwe amakhala otetezeka, ndipo amapha wovulalayo pomufinya ndi thupi lake. Kukaniza kumangowonjezera kupanikizika, njokayo imapanikiza mphetezo mpaka wovulalayo atasiya kusuntha. Imfa imachitika chifukwa cha kupuma kwamphamvu komanso kufooka kwa magazi. Kenako njokayo imatulutsa pang'onopang'ono mwana yemwe sanathenso kuyenda m'manja mwake ndikumuyamwitsa. Njirayi imachepetsa kukanika kwamiyendo nyama ikameza thupi lonse.
Kutanthauza kwa munthu.
Anaconda wobiriwira ndi malonda amtengo wapatali kwa nzika zaku Brazil ndi Peru. Nthano za dziko lonse zimanena kuti njoka izi zimakhala zamatsenga, motero ziwalo zokwawa zimagulitsidwa chifukwa cha miyambo. Mafuta a anacondas obiriwira amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala olimbana ndi rheumatism, kutupa, matenda, mphumu, thrombosis.
Anacondas akuluakulu obiriwira amatha kukhala bwino ndi anthu. Komabe, samakonda kuwukira chifukwa chakuchepa kwa anthu komwe amakhala.
Malo osungira nkhono zobiriwira.
Zowopsa ku anaconda wobiriwira: kutchera mitundu yachilendo ndikusintha malo. Mitunduyi yatchulidwa mu CITES Zakumapeto II. Bungwe la Wildlife Conservation Society ndi Convention yolamulira Trade in Endangered Species akhazikitsa ntchito ya Green Anaconda kuti amvetsetse zomwe zingawopseze mtundu uwu. Anaconda wobiriwira alibe malo osungira zinthu pa IUCN Red List.
