Abakha ocheperako (Aythya affinis) ndi amtundu wa bakha, ma anseriformes order.
Kufalitsa nsomba zazing'ono.
Bakha ndi mitundu yaku America yakuba pamadzi. Amagawidwa m'nkhalango zowirira komanso m'mapaki ku Alaska, Canada ndi United States kumpoto ndi South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Washington m'chigawo cha Southern Oregon ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa California.
M'nyengo yozizira, imakhala m'malo abwino m'mbali mwa Pacific, kuphatikiza Colorado, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Florida, ndi gombe la Atlantic la Massachusetts. Komanso, abakha amtunduwu amapezeka kum'mwera kwa nyanja zazikulu komanso mumtsinje wa Ohio ndi Mississippi. Abakha ochepa nyengo yachisanu ku Mexico ndi Central America, ku Antilles ndi Hawaii. Nthawi zina zimawonedwa nthawi yozizira ku Western Palaearctic, Greenland, British Isles, Canary Islands, ndi Netherlands.
Mverani mawu a mdierekezi wam'nyanja.
Makhalidwe a tartar.
Abakha ocheperako amakonda madambo kuti azidyetsa ndi kuswana. Amapezeka chaka chonse, kaya kwamuyaya kapena munthawi yake, m'madamu okhala ndi udzu wobiriwira wa bango ndi madzi am'madzi - pondweed, yarrow wam'madzi, hornwort. Bakha amakonda matupi amadzi okhala ndi ma amphipod ambiri komanso zachilengedwe zam'madzi zambiri zomwe sizinakhudzidwepo.
Amapezeka m'madzi amchere komanso madambo amchere pang'ono, kuphatikiza mayiwe, nyanja, mitsinje, ndi magombe. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, madambo obiriwira ndi madambo omwe ali pafupi ndi matupi amadzi amasankhidwa.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa Scarlet Wamng'ono.
Bakha Wamtundu Wakuda ndi bakha wapakatikati. Amuna amakhala okulirapo pang'ono kuposa akazi ndipo amayesa 40.4 mpaka 45.1 cm, akazi 39.1 mpaka 43.4 cm Kulemera kwake: 700 mpaka 1200 g mwa amuna komanso kuyambira 600 mpaka 1100 g mwa akazi. Nthenga za abakha zimasintha chaka chonse. Yamphongoyo ili ndi mlomo wabuluu, mutu wofiirira-wakuda, bere, khosi, mchira nthawi yakumasirana (kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Juni wotsatira). Mbali ndi mimba ndi zoyera, ndipo kumbuyo kuli koyera ndi kamvekedwe ka imvi.
Mkazi ndi bulauni bulauni, wokhala ndi mithunzi yowala bwino, mutu wake ndi wofiira, wokhala ndi malo oyera pansi pamlomo wakuda wakuda. Mwa anthu onse, nthenga zachiwiri zoyera zimakhala zoyera kumapeto; mzere woyera umawonekera kumapeto kwa mapiko apamwamba. Mtundu wa iris umadalira jenda komanso zaka. Mtundu wa iris wa diso mu anapiye ndi wotuwa, mwa abakha achichepere umakhala wobiriwira wachikaso, kenako wachikasu mwamdima mwa amuna achikulire. Mtundu wa iris mwa akazi umakhalabe wofiirira.
Abakha ochepa ndi ovuta kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu yofanana, makamaka patali.
Kuberekanso kwa bakha ang'onoang'ono wam'nyanja.
Mbalame zazing'ono zazing'ono ndi mbalame zokhazokha. Mawonekedwe awiriawiri kumapeto kwa kasamalidwe ka kasupe ndipo mbalame zimatsalira, ndiye wamkazi amakhala pansi kuti asunthire mazira.
Pachimake pa kukaikira mazira ndi kutulutsa mazira ndi mu June. Mkazi ndi wamwamuna amasankha malo okhala ndi fossa yaying'ono pakati paudzu wobiriwira. Mbalamezi zimayala mkati ndi udzu ndi nthenga, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chisa chizungulire.
Mkazi amaikira mazira 6 mpaka 14 obiriwira obiriwira.
Nthawi zambiri dzira limodzi patsiku ndipo limayamba kuswa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri dzira lomaliza lisanaikidwe. Abakha ena amaikira mazira awo mu zisa za akazi ena. Mikwingwirima yayikulu imadziwika ndi anthu akummwera; kumpoto kwa anthu, abakha amaikira mazira ochepa. Amuna amasiya chachikazi ndipo amasunga nthawi yonse yophatikizira mu Juni, pafupifupi masiku 21 - 27. Ndi mkazi yekhayo amene amakasira mazira ndikusamalira anawo. Ankhamba amatsata bakha wamkulu ndikudyera okha, amayamba kusonkhanitsa chakudya pamadzi, ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri amalowa m'madzi. Mkazi amatsogolera anapiyewo kwa milungu iwiri kapena isanu, nthawi zambiri amasiya anawo asanafike.
Ankhamba mu bakha wa kambuku amatuluka m'mazira akulu m'nyengo yotentha, chifukwa chake, amakhala ndi ziwopsezo zambiri kuposa mitundu ina yofanana ya bakha. Nthawi zambiri, kufa kwa anapiye kumachitika m'milungu ingapo yoyambirira atadulidwa chifukwa chodwala kapena kutentha thupi. Amakhulupirira kuti anapiye a bakha la tartar amawoneka kumapeto kwa nyengo yoberekera munyengo yomwe amphipods amasambira mochuluka m'madzi - chakudya chachikulu cha abakhawa. Abakha aang'ono amatha kuwuluka masiku 47 - 61 atawonekera. Amuna ndi akazi amapatsa ana chaka chamawa, ngakhale m'malo ovuta, kubereka kumatha kusinthidwa nthawi ina.
Kutalika kotalika kwambiri kwa bakha wamtchire kutchire ndi zaka 18 ndi miyezi inayi.
Makhalidwe apadera a tartar.
Abakha ocheperako ndi mbalame zachikhalidwe, zopanda nkhanza. Amalekerera kupezeka kwa mitundu ina, kupatula koyambirira kwa nyengo yoswana, pomwe amuna amateteza akazi awo.
M'nyengo yozizira, abakha amapanga gulu lalikulu lomwe limasamukira.
Magulu obereketsa sateteza gawo lawo, m'malo mwake amakhala ndi malo ang'onoang'ono omwe nthawi zambiri amasintha kukula m'nyengo yonse yobereketsa. Dera lachigawochi limayambira mahekitala 26 mpaka 166. M'nyengo yozizira, abakha ochepa am'nyanja amayenda m'malo omwe zinthu zimakhala bwino. Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, akazi amabwerera kumadera kwawo zaka zotsatira, amuna samachita izi nthawi zonse.
Kudyetsa tartar.
Abakha ocheperako, abakha akuluakulu komanso achichepere amadyetsa tizilombo, crustaceans ndi molluscs. Nthawi zina amathanso kudya mbewu za m'madzi monga maluwa am'madzi ndi makapisozi a dzira.
Mbalame zimadya m'madzi osaya, zimamira m'madzi otseguka.
Amayenda pansi mozungulira ndipo amawonekera pamtunda wamamita ochepa kuchokera pomwe adamira. Nthawi zambiri, abakha ocheperako amadya nyama yawo m'madzi, koma nthawi zina amakokera kumtunda kuti achotse mbali zina zosadyeka. Zakudyazi zimasiyanasiyana kutengera kupezeka kwa chakudya kwakanthawi komanso malo okhala. Lacustrine amphipods, chironomids, ndi leeches (Hirudinea) ndi gawo lofunikira pakudyetsa. Mbeu za mollusks ndi mbeu zimadzaza chakudya; nthawi zina, abakha amadya nsomba, caviar ndi mazira nthawi zina za chaka. Kudyetsa mbewu kumakhala makamaka nthawi yophukira.
Mkhalidwe wosungira tartar.
Abakha ocheperako amawerengedwa kuti ndi ochuluka kwambiri ndi IUCN ndipo saopsezedwa kuti atha. Kuchuluka kwakukulu komanso malo osiyanasiyana akuwonetsa kukhazikika kwa mitunduyo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri zam'madzi ku North America. Komabe, kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu kuderali kunanenedwa. Anthu ena amakhala m'malo owonongeka, kuwonongeka kwa madambo komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Mchere wambiri wa selenium wapezeka m'chiwindi cha bakha wa tiger mdera la Great Lakes, koma sipanakhalepo zizindikiro zakupha kwa mbalame m'malo ena. Kafukufuku wa bakha akuyikira mazira ku North America awonetsa kuti kuchepa kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi kupsinjika kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa ntchito yobereka komanso kumakhudza kubereka kwa abakha ku North America.
